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17-808: The Northern Tutchone language , originally spoken by the Northern Tutchone people, is a variety of the Tutchone language , part of the Athabaskan language family . Thomas Canham, an Anglican priest, documented in the language in the 1890s and published the Wood Indian Dictionary in 1898. John Ritter of the Yukon Native Language Centre developed an orthography for the language in the late 20th century. Several Northern Tutchone communities teach Northern Tutchone in schools, and Carmacks has

34-422: A subarctic climate ( Dfc / Dsc ) with mild summers and long, cold and snowy winters, with annual snowfall averaging 159.8 cm (62.9 in). In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada , Haines Junction had a population of 688 living in 311 of its 380 total private dwellings, a change of 12.2% from its 2016 population of 613. With a land area of 34.3 km (13.2 sq mi), it had

51-559: A preschool program. Northern Tutchone communities include Beaver Creek , Carmacks , Mayo , Pelly Crossing , and Stewart Crossing . Northern Tutchone people have historically hunted and fished from the McQuesten and Stewart Rivers to the Big Salmon River . The Selwyn Mountains marked the eastern boundary of their historical harvesting lands. Northern Tutchone societies are communal and organized into two matrilineal moeities:

68-621: A specific focus on Yukon First Nations, Adäka , in the Southern Tutchone language, means 'coming into the light'. Haines Junction, Yukon Haines Junction is a village in Yukon , Canada. It is at Kilometre 1,632 (historical mile 1016) of the Alaska Highway at its junction with the Haines Highway , hence the name of the community. According to the 2021 census , the population

85-666: Is spoken in the Yukon communities of Aishihik , Burwash Landing , Champagne , Haines Junction , Kloo Lake , Klukshu , Lake Laberge , and Whitehorse . Northern Tutchone is spoken in the Yukon communities of Mayo , Pelly Crossing , Stewart Crossing , Carmacks , and Beaver Creek . The consonants and vowels of Northern Tutchone and their orthography are as follows: Vowels are differentiated for nasalization and high, mid, and low tone. Vowels are differentiated for nasalization and high, mid, and low tone. Southern ( Dän kʼè ) Northern ( Dän kʼí ) The comparison of some words in

102-701: Is under development and is the first of its kind in the Yukon Territory. Jerry Alfred 's " Etsi Shon " (Grandfather song), sung in Northern Tuchone, won a Juno Award in the Best Aboriginal Album category in 1996. Since 2011 the Adäka Cultural Festival , an annual multi-disciplinary arts and culture festival, has been held in Whitehorse. Celebrating First Nations arts and culture, with

119-532: The "Following your Grandfather trail" camp in Klukshu in 1997. Nowadays there are varied programs offered in the Yukon to continue the language revitalization efforts, such as the Southern Tutchone Language Immersion program for adults. In 2018, The Champagne and Aishihik First Nation began a two-year Southern Tutchone immersion program, for adults with prior knowledge to the language. The program

136-413: The 1970s such as stories and songs, as well as a basic noun dictionary and language lessons. After 1984, there have been additional literacy workshops. One example is the Southern Tutchone textbook and audio, made by Margaret Workman, a native Southern Tutchone speaker. This information, along with other multimedia Southern Tutchone language learning and documentation resources, is currently available through

153-615: The Kluane First Nations participated in the sessions of "Working Together to Pass it on", a workshop meant to promote language activities and usage at home and the community. In addition, the Southern Tutchone Tribal Council held its first language conference "Kakwaddhin – Marking the Trail" in 1996, in order to review language programs and draft long and short term strategic plans. This led to successful programs, including

170-789: The Wolf and Crow. Northern Tutchone First Nations governments and communities include: Northern Tutchone language Tutchone is an Athabaskan language spoken by the Northern and Southern Tutchone First Nations in central and southern regions of Yukon Territory, Canada . Tutchone belongs to the Northern Athabaskan linguistic subfamily and has two primary varieties , Southern and Northern. Although they are sometimes considered separate languages, Northern and Southern Tutchone speakers are generally able to understand each other in conversation, albeit with moderate difficulty. Southern Tutchone

187-814: The YNLC. In addition, in 1994 the Ta'an Kwach'an Council took part in an oral history and language preservation project, in which traditions, genealogy, and more information was documented. Tutchone language classes have been taught in Yukon schools since the early 1980s. Southern Tutchone language classes are included in the curriculum for students grades K-12 in schools at Kluane Lake, and three elementary schools in Whitehorse have language programs for Southern Tutchone. The St. Elias Community School in Haines Junction also offers Southern Tutchone language classes to students from K-12: one teacher handles K-4, another grades 5-12. In addition,

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204-591: The Yukon Native Language Center provides support for schools in regards to language learning, such the "Dakeyi – Our Country" program which is focused on high school students. In 2009, kindergarten classes in Haines Junction began learning Southern Tuchone in a bi-cultural program. There have been ongoing community collaborations across the Yukon in regards to Southern Tutchone, with varied camps, workshops, and programs. For example, in 1995 and 1996,

221-470: The area was "Dakwakada", a Southern Tutchone word meaning "high cache". It was common for Tutchone people to use raised log caches to store food year-round or temporarily while they hunted and fished in an area. The Haines Junction area was also important for trade between the coastal and interior peoples. It lies at the interior end of the Chilkat Pass , one of only three passes that allowed travel between

238-531: The coast and the interior, which was used extensively for trade between the coastal Tlingit and Southern Tutchone people. The current town of Haines Junction was established in 1942 and 1943 during the construction of the Alaska Highway (ALCAN). In 1943, a second highway, the Haines Highway , was built to connect the Alaska Highway with the coastal town of Haines, Alaska , over the Chilkat Pass. Situated at

255-488: The junction of these two highways, Haines Junction was a construction camp and a supply and service centre for the United States Army Corps of Engineers building the highway. The 1,007 km (626 mi) Haines-Fairbanks Pipeline , a petroleum pipeline from Haines, Alaska to Fairbanks, Alaska that was constructed in 1953–55, with a pumping station was built just north of Haines Junction. Haines Junction has

272-432: The two languages: ¹ Big Salmon dialect ² Pelly Crossing dialect Tutchone is considered to be an endangered language , as its speaker population is shifting rapidly to English. In a 2011 census, Northern Tutchone was reported to have 210 speakers, and Southern Tutchone 140 speakers. The Yukon Native Language Center (YNLC) describes information in regards to Southern Tutchone documentation and literacy, starting from

289-580: Was 688. However, the Yukon Bureau of Statistics lists the population count for 2022 as 1,018. Haines Junction lies east of Kluane National Park and Reserve . It is a major administrative centre for the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations . For around two thousand years, the Southern Tutchone people had seasonal hunting and fishing camps in the area of present-day Haines Junction. The original name of

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