Northeast Los Angeles (abbreviated NELA ) is a 17.18 sq mi (44.5 km) region of Los Angeles County , comprising seven neighborhoods within Los Angeles . The area is home to Occidental College located in Eagle Rock .
41-424: The bulk of the area closer to Pueblo de Los Angeles - Downtown Los Angeles was part of the original Spanish and Mexican land grants of Rancho San Rafael and Rancho San Pascual when the city incorporated in 1850. One of the first annexations of the city was Highland Park in 1895. Other nearby communities attached to Los Angeles were Garvanza (1899), Arroyo Seco (1912) and Eagle Rock (1923). Development in
82-485: A Mestizo in 1790 census). In judicial affairs, both military and civil cases were appealed to the Audiencia of Guadalajara . On 18 August 1814 Father Luis Gíl y Taboada placed the cornerstone of a new Franciscan church amidst the ruins of the original asistencia . The completed structure was dedicated on 8 December 1822. A replacement chapel, named La Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles (The Church of Our Lady of
123-513: A mission. Instead, in 1781, King Charles III mandated that a pueblo be built on the site instead, which would be the second town in Alta California, after San José de Guadalupe in 1777. The monarch, disregarding the production and trade roles of the missions, saw a greater need for secular pueblos to be established as the centers of agriculture and commerce to supply the crown's ever-growing military presence in "Nueva California." The priests at
164-444: A relatively large immigrant community, with approximately 38% of the population being foreign-born. In the 2000 census, Northeast Los Angeles had 167,674 residents in its 17.18 square miles, which amounted to 9,757 people per square mile. The densest neighborhood was Highland Park, and the least dense was Mount Washington. About 54% of the area's population lived in rental units, while 46% lived in owner-occupied housing. Highland Park
205-651: A river that flowed from the northwest, past their point and on southward. Crespí named the river El Río de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula , meaning, in Spanish, "the River of Our Lady Queen of the Angels of Porciuncula". The name derives from Santa Maria degli Angeli (Italian: "St. Mary of the Angels") which is the name of the small town in Italy housing the Porciuncula ,
246-557: A sailor. His book, Two Years Before the Mast , includes a brief depiction of the pueblo and area, then dependent on the export of cattle hides and tallow . In 1835 it was made a city by the Mexican Congress, and declared the capital, but the last provision was not enforced and was soon recalled. In 1836–1838, it was the headquarters of Carlos Antonio Carrillo , a legally named but never de facto governor of California, whose jurisdiction
287-628: A successful cattle enterprise. Across Olvera Street stands the 1887 Eloisa Martinez de Sepulveda House , that now is the Los Angeles Plaza Historic District Visitors Center . The 1939 construction of the significant transit hub and architectural landmark, the Los Angeles Union Station east of the old Plaza, added to the Pueblo area's reinvigoration. Of archaeological interest is the discovery of sections of
328-462: The comandante (commander) of the Presidio of Santa Barbara , who was charged with making sure the alcalde and regidores carried out their duties correctly. The first commisionado was José Vicente Feliz , one of the soldiers who accompanied the original 44 settlers to the pueblo. The first recorded alcalde was José Vanegas, who served in 1786 and 1796. Vanegas was first listed as an Indian in
369-643: The Baja California Peninsula and Alta California. Both the dioceses of Sonora and the Two Californias were suffragan of the Archdiocese of Mexico . After Mexico's War of Independence (1810–1821) from Spain, life began to change in Los Angeles and Alta California . With the secularization of the missions , their land was distributed for the establishment of many more ranchos . The Native population
410-618: The Cathedral of Saint Vibiana . Saint Vibiana Cathedral became the English-speaking parish and La Placita became the Spanish-speaking parish. "The Plaza Church" still stands today, exhibiting Spanish Colonial and Carpenter Gothic architectural styles. The Los Angeles parish was under the Diocese of Sonora until 1840, when a new Diocese of the Two Californias was established to serve
451-585: The Laws of the Indies and Reglamento the new towns in Alta California were to have four square leagues of land; that is a distance marked by one league in each cardinal direction from the town center. The streets, however, were laid out at forty-five degrees from the cardinal directions, a plan which is still preserved in Downtown Los Angeles . The old town limits are still marked by Hoover and Indiana Streets in
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#1732854614644492-684: The Mapping L.A. survey of the Los Angeles Times , Northeast Los Angeles consists of a 17.18 sq mi (44.5 km) region bounded on the south and west by the Interstate 5 , the north by the cities of Glendale and Pasadena , and bounded on the east by the Arroyo Seco Parkway . Much of Northeast Los Angeles is located on or around the San Rafael Hills . The same survey identifies
533-649: The Pueblo de los Ángeles , was the Spanish civilian pueblo settled in 1781, which became the American metropolis of Los Angeles . The pueblo was built using labor from the adjacent village of Yaanga and was totally dependent on local Indigenous labor for its survival. Official settlements in Alta California were of three types: presidio (military), mission (religious) and pueblo (civil). The Pueblo de los Ángeles
574-888: The public domain : Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). " Los Angeles ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–14. Spanish colonial pueblos and villas in North America Spanish colonial authorities in North America established misiones (churches with attached farms), presidios (military forts) and villas or pueblos (civilian settlements with residences, retail businesses, agricultural markets, etc.). Official pueblo establishments (as opposed to those that developed organically) were granted four square Spanish leagues of land and were required to be sited at least five Spanish leagues away from any other pueblo. According to one Arizona history, "Each organized pueblo
615-400: The regidores (council members) and alcalde (municipal magistrate), were appointed by Governor de Neve. Subsequent ones were elected annually by the settlers, the vecinos pobladores . Since the government of Las Californias had a strong military orientation in this early phase of colonization, the civilian cabildo was originally supervised by a commisionado (commissioner) appointed by
656-521: The 44 pobladores gathered at San Gabriel Mission and, escorted by a military detachment and two priests from the Mission, set out for the site that Crespí had chosen. In reality, several of the families were probably already working on their plots of land as early as late July. Governor de Neve gave the new town the name El Pueblo de la Reina de los Ángeles -The Town of the Queen of the Angels. In accordance with
697-554: The Angels) was rebuilt utilizing materials of the original church in 1861. The term Reina (queen) was added later to reconcile the church's name with that of the town. The small chapel, also called " La Placita " and "the Plaza Church," served the total Californio and immigrant Roman Catholic community as the only church in the vicinity of the City of Los Angeles until the 1876 construction of
738-595: The Natives on the mission. The mission encountered further trouble in 1776 when a flood damaged the mission, convincing the missionaries to move and rebuild the mission on a higher and more defensible location: its present site in San Gabriel . The first Spanish governor of Las Californias , Felipe de Neve had, as well, recommended to Viceroy Bucareli Father Crespí's location on the Río Porciúncula ( Los Angeles River ) for
779-585: The Northeast was fostered by service of the Los Angeles Railway "Yellow Cars." Traditionally a heavily Latino and working-class part of the city, Northeast Los Angeles has undergone gentrification starting in the 2000s. With the influx of young professionals, Northeast Los Angeles has gained attention for its hipster culture and a new wave of commercial development; however, increasing housing prices have caused tensions with long-time residents. According to
820-574: The Russians and French, Spain set plans in motion in the 1760s to establish a presence and defend its claim to the territory. The Spanish settlement did not reach Alta California until 1769, when explorer Gaspar de Portolà reached the San Diego area via the first land route from Mexico . Accompanying him were two Franciscan Padres , Junípero Serra and Juan Crespí , who recorded the expedition. As they came through today's Elysian Park , they were awed by
861-655: The US occupying force back to the San Pedro Harbor. Los Angeles was not retaken until Commodore Stockton again captured the city on January 10, 1847, after the battles at the Siege of Los Angeles , Battle of Dominguez Rancho , Battle of San Pasqual , Battle of Rio San Gabriel and the Battle of La Mesa . These battles, in which the Californios were greatly outmanned and outgunned, represented
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#1732854614644902-616: The United States. A 1920s restoration drive led by Christine Sterling began a restoration of the historic area, starting with Olvera Street . Today the Pueblo's original outline is preserved by the El Pueblo de Los Angeles Historic Monument . Among its saved and restored buildings is the oldest standing residence in Los Angeles City, the 1818 Avila Adobe built by Francisco Avila who owned Rancho Las Cienegas - "mid Wilshire area" and
943-555: The church where St. Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan order, carried out his religious life. The river that was called the Porciuncula is today's Los Angeles River . Because the future town's name was a take on this " Queen of Heaven " Marian title, various versions of Crespí's formula would be used for the town, including the exceedingly long El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles sobre el Río Porciúncula . During
984-592: The expedition, Father Crespí observed a location along the river that would be good for a settlement or mission. However, in 1771, Father Serra instead commissioned two missionaries to establish the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel -San Gabriel Mission near the present day Whittier Narrows section of the San Gabriel River . The missionaries encountered resistance from the Tongva to their attempts to resettle
1025-662: The fields, the farms, and access to the river – the Instrucción and the Reglamento para el gobierno de la Provincia de Californias . But gathering the pobladores -settlers was a little more difficult. After failing to recruit the target number of families in Sonora , he had to go as far as Sinaloa to finally end up with 11 families, that is, 11 men, 11 women, and 22 children of various Spanish American castes : Criollo , Mulatto and Negro . As local lore tells it, on September 4, 1781
1066-453: The following seven neighborhoods as comprising Northeast Los Angeles: Other neighborhoods within the region are: According to the 2013-2017 American Community Survey and the City of Los Angeles Department of City Planning, Northeast Los Angeles had 243,925 residents. The racial and ethnic breakdown was Latino , 64%, White , 16.7%, Asian , 16.5%; Black , 1.8%, Native American 0.5%, Pacific Islander 0.4%, and Other, 0.8%. The area has
1107-817: The important overt resistance to the establishment of the American regime in the Los Angeles Basin . Lieutenant-Colonel Frémont and Governor of Alta California Andrés Pico signed the Treaty of Cahuenga , an informal agreement to cease fighting in California at the Campo de Cahuenga in the San Fernando Valley in January 1847. Under the later comprehensive 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , Mexico formally ceded nearly half its nation's total territory, including Alta California, to
1148-450: The invading "conquest" complete. In Southern California , the Mexican citizens repelled American troops for five months, utilizing about 160 vaqueros , or cowboys, against about 700 American forces. Los Angeles initially surrendered to the surprise invasion by United States forces. The small Mexican forces of Los Angeles fled at the approach of US troops, and August 13, 1846 the American flag
1189-403: The missions ignored the royal mandate and continued their ranching, trading and production of tallow, soap, hides, and beef, often in competition with new pueblo ventures. Governor de Neve took his assignment seriously and had a complete set of maps and plans drawn up by May 1780 for the layout and settlement of the new pueblo, including the placement of government houses, town houses, the church,
1230-408: The original 1781 padrón (register) but then as a Mestizo in the 1790 census. The next few alcaldes reflected the mixed population of the small settlement: José Sinova, a Criollo , 1789; Mariano de la Luz Verdugo , a Criollo, 1790; and Juan Francisco Reyes, a Mulatto , 1793. Among the first regidores were Felipe Santiago García (a Criollo) and Manuel Camero (a Mulatto in the 1781 padrón , and
1271-583: The original brick lined Zanja Madre -the Mother Ditch , which was a "surface and underground" gravity fed canal and aqueduct , that brought water from the Rio Porciuncula-Los Angeles River near the Arroyo Seco confluence, to the colonial pueblo and later the American city into the latter 19th century. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from a publication now in
Northeast Los Angeles - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-453: The south of the district. The Metro A Line light rail's four stations ( Lincoln/Cypress , Heritage Square , Southwest Museum , and Highland Park ) connect Northeast Los Angeles with Downtown and Pasadena. 34°07′04″N 118°12′58″W / 34.1178°N 118.2160°W / 34.1178; -118.2160 Pueblo de Los Angeles El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles del Río de Porciúncula , shortened to
1353-695: The town and region grew. Manifest Destiny reached California at the time of the Mexican–American War (1846–1848). On June 18, 1846 a small group of Yankees raised the California Bear Flag and declared independence from Mexico in the Bear Flag Revolt on the Plaza in Sonoma, Northern California . United States troops then took control of the presidios at Monterey and San Francisco, and proclaimed
1394-561: The town became the principal urban center of southern Alta California, whose social and economic life revolved around the raising of livestock on the expansive ranchos . In 1542 Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo , with a commission from Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza , was the first European to sail along and explore the California coast. Although he claimed all he saw as territory of the Spanish Empire, no efforts at colonization were made for over two hundred years. Concerned about colonizing efforts by
1435-652: The west and east respectively. In 1784 an asistencia or sub-mission of the San Gabriel Mission was established on the central plaza , to provide religious services to the settlers. The pueblo came under the jurisdiction of the Commandancy General of the Internal Provinces in the Viceroyalty of New Spain . As a pueblo, Los Angeles was granted a cabildo (town council). The first municipal officers,
1476-588: Was Latino , 62.5%, White , 16.6%, Asian , 16.0%; Black , 2.0%, and Other, 2.9%. Eagle Rock was the most ethnically diverse neighborhood and Cypress Park the least. The area is well-served by freeways and public transportation. California's first freeway, the 1940 Arroyo Seco Parkway ( SR 110 ), connects the area with Downtown and Pasadena. Interstate 5 (the Golden State Freeway ) and Interstate 10 (the San Bernardino Freeway ) lie directly to
1517-579: Was displaced or absorbed into the Hispanic population. Beginning about 1827, Los Angeles, now the largest pueblo of the territory, became a rival of Monterey for the honor of being the capital of California; was the seat of conspiracies to overthrow the Mexican authority; and the stronghold of the South California party in the bickering and struggles that lasted down to the American occupation. In 1835, Richard Henry Dana Jr. visited San Pedro Harbor as
1558-553: Was never recognized in the north; and, in 1845–1847, it was the actual capital. In 1842, a sheep rancher, pausing under an oak tree, discovered gold in Placerita Canyon in Rancho San Francisco , just north of the city sparking a minor gold rush . In subsequent decades local mining employed hard rock and placer techniques. Land however turned out to be the more "profitable gold", as ranching and development expanded as
1599-526: Was raised over the city. A garrison of fifty US Marines under Archibald Gillespie was left in control. The city's population had been rent by factional quarrels when war broke out between Mexico and the United States, but the occupation caused both factions to unite against the invading Americans. Gillespie's garrison was compelled to withdraw in October when the residents, Californio Lancers, vaqueros on horseback without firearms, only lances, revolted and chased
1640-436: Was the neighborhood with the highest rental occupancy, and Eagle Rock had the lowest. The latter district also had the oldest population, and Cypress Park had the youngest. Eagle Rock also was the wealthiest neighborhood and Cypress Park the poorest. Eagle Rock was the neighborhood with the largest percentage of residents holding a four-year academic degree and Cypress Park had the lowest percentage. The ethnic breakdown in 2000
1681-533: Was the second pueblo (town) created during the Spanish colonization of California (the first was San Jose , in 1777). El Pueblo de la Reina de los Ángeles —'The Town of the Queen of Angels' was founded twelve years after the first presidio and mission , the Presidio of San Diego and Mission San Diego de Alcalá (1769). The original settlement consisted of forty-four people in eleven families, recruited mostly from Estado de Occidente . As new settlers arrived and soldiers retired to civilian life in Los Angeles,