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43-646: North Battleford/Hamlin Airport ( TC LID : CJD4 ) was located 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) north-east of Hamlin, Saskatchewan , Canada, in the RM of North Battleford No. 437 . This airfield was built under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan during World War II as the R1 — primary relief field — for RCAF Station North Battleford . Pilots trained here using Airspeed Oxford aircraft; it

86-633: A National Harbours Board and Trans-Canada Air Lines . The Department of Transport Act came into force November 2, 1936. Prior to a 1994 federal government reorganization, Transport Canada had a wide range of operational responsibilities including the Canadian Coast Guard , the Saint Lawrence Seaway , airports and seaports, as well as Via Rail and CN Rail . Significant cuts to Transport Canada at that time resulted in CN Rail being privatized,

129-489: A database of traffic collisions in Canada. Transport Canada's role in railways include: Following allegations by shippers of service level deterioration, on April 7, 2008, the federal government of Canada launched a review of railway freight service within the country. Transport Canada, which is managing the review, plans to investigate the relationships between Canadian shippers and the rail industry, especially with regards to

172-437: A former inspector at Transport Canada, went on record criticizing this approach, indicating that it would increase risk to the flying public. Critics have warned that introducing SMS to the aviation sector is "a recipe for disaster". However, the aviation accident rate in Canada declined over a number of years to 2008. The rail industry in Canada, which has had SMS since 2001 and is also regulated by Transport Canada, had shown

215-537: A marked increase in accidents under this regulatory scheme to 2006. Several Transport Canada senior executives, including Assistant Deputy Minister, Safety and Security, Marc Grégoire, were sued in 2008 for reprisals against another whistleblower, Ian Bron. who reported that the Marine Security framework was riddled with gaps. On 23 December 2013, it was revealed that a Transport Canada inspector had been dismissed for falsifying departmental reports. The identity of

258-513: A new and more stable method of financing them was required. It was also believed that union would allow for the needed construction of railways linking British North America . The Maritimes joined only because of promises to build the Intercolonial Railway , and British Columbia only because of a promise to build a transcontinental railway . The government had learned its lesson, and these railways were not funded by guarantees. Rather,

301-641: A result of the Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 crash and the Lion Air Flight 610 crash, which occurred five months prior to the Ethiopian crash, most airlines and countries began grounding the Boeing 737 MAX 8 (and in many cases all MAX variants) due to safety concerns, but Transport Canada declined to temporarily ground Boeing 737 Max 8 operating in Canada. However, on 13 March, Transport Canada reversed

344-559: Is a Crown corporation that reports to parliament through the Minister of Transport . It is responsible for the protection of specific elements of the air transportation system – from passenger and baggage screening to screening airport workers. In spring 2017 CATSA and the Canada Border Services Agency began their roll-out "as part of a broader effort to modernize and streamline clearance procedures at Canadian airports" of

387-406: Is listed as operating from 4 September 1941 to 30 March 1945. The RCAF Aerodrome at Hamlin was the relief landing field for RCAF Station North Battleford , and was located approximately 7 miles (11 km) north of the main aerodrome. The site was located north-east of the community of Hamlin, Saskatchewan. The Relief field was constructed in the typical triangular pattern. In approximately 1942

430-546: Is responsible for enforcing several Canadian legislation, including the Aeronautics Act , Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992 , Motor Vehicle Safety Act , Canada Transportation Act , Railway Safety Act , Canada Shipping Act, 2001 , Marine Transportation Security Act amongst others. Each inspector with delegated power from the Minister of Transport receives official credentials to exercise their power, as shown on

473-567: Is the most detailed. Until 1996, Transport Canada was responsible for both regulation of aviation and the operation of air traffic services, as well as the operation of most major airports. On November 1, 1996, these responsibilities were split: Transport Canada remains responsible for regulation (through the Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) and Standards ), and a new regulated non-profit company, NAV CANADA , took over responsibility for all civilian air traffic services. This change

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516-503: The Canadian Rockies as well as other mountainous areas of British Columbia and Alberta . Canada has 49,422 kilometres (30,709 mi) total trackage, of which only 129 kilometres (80 mi) is electrified (all urban rail transit networks). Canada uses 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) standard gauge track for the majority of its railway system. The exceptions to this are small lines isolated from

559-573: The National Airports System ) to outside operators; currently, there are 26 airports in the system, of which 22 are operated by 21 Airport Authorities, an example of which is the Greater Toronto Airports Authority . In 2003, Transport Canada launched its Electronic Collection of Air Transportation Statistics program to collect passenger and cargo data in real-time from air carriers flying in Canada. ECATS will expand into

602-438: The self-service border clearance kiosks programme, under which Canadian travellers are subject to facial recognition technology upon re-entry to the country. It was expected that as a cost-cutting measure the programme was to reduce the number of civilian interactions with civil servants. Transport Canada's Civil Aviation (TCCA) Directorate is Canada's civil aviation authority . It has existed since 1936, when civil aviation

645-470: The 1990s, Transport Canada also began privatizing the operation of large airports, and divesting itself of small airports altogether (typically handing them over to municipalities). Following the 1994 National Airports Policy , Transport Canada retains ownership of most airports with 200,000 or more annual passenger movements, as well as the primary airports serving the federal, provincial, and territorial capitals, but leases most of these airports (which make up

688-600: The First World War saw only moderate expansion of the rail network and the age of the great railways were over in Canada. The automobile provided strong competition by the 1920s, and after the Second World War most passengers were lost to automobiles and airlines . During the post-war period several large resource lines were opened in Quebec, Labrador, and British Columbia – several of which are not directly connected to

731-610: The Navigable Waters Protection Program were transferred back to Transport Canada. As was certain regulatory aspects of Emergency Response (Oil pollution) Transport Canada Marine Safety (TCMS) is the division under Transport Canada that maintains and enhances marine safety and work to protect life, health, property and the marine environment. This includes providing services that are mandated by acts and regulations such as certification for Canadian seafarers and related professionals. Transport Canada's role in aviation

774-428: The aerodrome was listed as RCAF Aerodrome - Hamlin, Saskatchewan at 52°53′N 108°17′W  /  52.883°N 108.283°W  / 52.883; -108.283 with a variation of 22 degrees east and elevation of 1,779 ft (542 m). Six runways were listed as follows: A review of Google Maps on 7 June 2018 shows clear visibility of the outer runways of the airfield. There is, however, no visibility of

817-656: The changing transportation environment in Canada at the time. It merged three departments: the former Department of Railways and Canals , the Department of Marine, and the Civil Aviation Branch of the Department of National Defence (c. 1927 when it replaced the Air Board ) under C. D. Howe , who would use the portfolio to rationalize the governance and provision of all forms of transportation (air, water and land). He created

860-609: The coast guard being transferred to Fisheries and Oceans , and the seaway and various ports and airports being transferred to local operating authorities. Transport Canada emerged from this process as a department focused on policy and regulation rather than transportation operations. In 2004, Transport Canada introduced non-passenger screening to enhance both airport and civil aviation security. Transport Canada's headquarters are located in Ottawa at Place de Ville , Tower C. Transport Canada also has regional headquarters in: Transport Canada

903-621: The construction of the Intercolonial was fully controlled by the government under the direction of Sir Sanford Fleming . The railway to the Pacific, the Canadian Pacific , was financed by private funds and through massive land grants in the Canadian prairies (much of it of little value until the railway arrived), $ 25 million in cash and a guaranteed monopoly. The railway, an engineering marvel that

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946-585: The decision and grounded all 737 MAX 8 and MAX 9 aircraft. The provinces and territories also have their own transportation departments, namely to deal with roads and vehicle licensing and regulations: Rail transport in Canada Canada has a large and well-developed railway system that primarily transports freight. There are two major publicly traded transcontinental freight railway systems, Canadian National (CN) and Canadian Pacific Kansas City (CPKC). Nationwide passenger services are provided by

989-826: The federal crown corporation Via Rail , and three international services to the US by Amtrak . Three Canadian cities have commuter train services: in the Montreal area by Exo , in the Toronto area by GO Transit , and in the Vancouver area by West Coast Express . These cities and several others are also served by light rail or metro systems. Only one (Toronto) has an extensive streetcar (tram) system. Smaller railways such as Ontario Northland Railway also run passenger trains to remote rural areas. The Rocky Mountaineer and Royal Canadian Pacific provide luxury rail tours for viewing scenery in

1032-509: The field of general aviation during 2008. Transport Canada also collects data on all accidents and incidents, no matter how minor, using the Civil Aviation Daily Occurrence Reporting System (CADORS). Transport Canada continues to be responsible for licensing pilots and other aviation specialists (such as dispatchers and mechanics) as well as registering and inspecting aircraft. It is also responsible for

1075-515: The following aircraft in its database and operate as ICAO airline designator TGO, and telephony TRANSPORT. Transport Canada has been the centre of a number of controversies in recent years. In September 2009, the CBC 's Fifth Estate produced a report "Riding on Risk", which detailed alleged mismanagement and cover-ups in Transport Canada. The story was sparked by a lost memory stick which

1118-521: The guilty party was not revealed, because of a concern for his or her privacy. The Canadian Association of Journalists nominated Transport Canada for its Secrecy Award for a second time in 2008, indicating that a bill to amend the Aeronautics Act will cause "a veil of secrecy [to] fall over all information reported by airlines about performance, safety violations, aviation safety problems and their resolution." In September 2009, Transport Canada

1161-520: The inner runways. The c.1942 indicate a location on the visible triangle. More recently, one runway continued to be maintained for use in agricultural flight training by Battlefords Airspray. As of 15 March 2007, this airport is not usable and has been removed from the Canada Flight Supplement . Transport Canada The Department of Transport was created in 1935 by the government of William Lyon Mackenzie King in recognition of

1204-558: The legislation merely as a first-resort after "demarketing" a line, rather than a last-resort after trying to find a short line buyer. In November 1995 the federal government privatized CN, and in 1996, the government corrected the NTA 1987 shortfalls with the Canadian Transportation Act which more fully deregulates the railway industry. While the federal government legislates, and regulates through such bodies as Transport Canada ,

1247-541: The main North American network. In 1978 the government created Via Rail which took over all national passenger service in the country. In 1987 the National Transportation Act partially deregulated the railway industry in Canada and removed much of the red tape that railways experienced when attempting to abandon unprofitable lines; however, the NTA is now viewed as more of a failure in that railways used

1290-564: The main North American rail network used in resource industries such as mining or forestry, some of which are narrow gauge , and the streetcar and heavy-rail subway lines of the Toronto Transit Commission which use a broad gauge of 4 ft  10 + 7 ⁄ 8  in ( 1,495 mm ). The first Canadian railway, the Champlain and Saint Lawrence Railroad , was opened outside Montreal in 1836. Heavy expansion of

1333-639: The outbreak of the First World War . The Canadian Northern, Grand Trunk Pacific, and Grand Trunk were nationalized by the federal government, which absorbed the debt of over two billion dollars. All three railways, along with the Canadian Government Railways (formed by the Intercolonial, National Transcontinental, and several smaller lines) were then merged into the Canadian National Railways between 1918 and 1923. The years after

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1376-513: The rail system did not get under way until the Guarantee Act of 1849 that guaranteed bond returns on all railways over 121 km (75 mi). This led to rapid expansion of railways in the Canadas , sometimes excessive growth as uneconomic lines were built since the government guaranteed profits. This proved disastrous for government finances, however, and the Canadas were all but bankrupted by

1419-417: The railways, various provinces have their own legislation, and indeed if the railway is contained exclusively within the province, are governed by it unless the federal government declares it of importance to the entire country. The Railway Association of Canada , a lobby group, provides lists of legislation, regulation, orders, and circulars on its website. The Canadian Transportation Agency maintains

1462-491: The right. These inspectors are public officers identified within the Criminal Code of Canada. The Motor Vehicle Safety Act was established in 1971 in order to create safety standards for cars in Canada. The department also acts as the federal government's funding partner with provincial (and territorial) transport ministries on jointly-funded provincial transportation infrastructure projects for new highways. TC also manage

1505-509: The safety certification and continuous safety oversight of most forms of commercial operations. These responsibilities are carried out by 6 regions, Atlantic, Quebec, Ontario, Prairie & Northern, Pacific and the sixth region based in Ottawa ( National Capital Region ) is responsible for air operators operating international flights and certain types of large aeroplanes. The Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) are also under Transport Canada control. The Canadian Air Transport Security Authority

1548-447: The subsidies. The largest rail project of this period was also a disaster. The Grand Trunk Railway linking Montreal to Sarnia was finished in 1860, but was vastly mired in debt. In exchange for bailing out the company the government escaped its guarantee on the railway bonds. Canadian confederation was made possible in part by the railways. The separate colonial governments had all but emptied their treasuries building railways, and

1591-601: The two largest railroad companies in the country, Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian National Railway. On June 26, 2013, the Fair Rail Freight Service Act became law which was a response to the Rail Freight Service Review's Final Report. Transport Canada is responsible for the waterways inside and surrounding Canada. These responsibilities include: As of 2003 the Office of Boating Safety and

1634-622: The two to come to some arrangement and build only one new network, but in the end no agreement was made and the government supported the expansion of both systems. The federal government itself built the National Transcontinental , a line from Moncton, New Brunswick , through Quebec City to Winnipeg , passing through the vast and uninhabited hinterland of the Canadian Shield . This aggressive expansion proved disastrous when immigration and supplies of capital all but disappeared with

1677-512: Was (and remains) controversial within the private aviation sector because NAV CANADA began charging for services that were previously funded through a specific tax on aviation gasoline. The specific tax remains but separate charges are levied by NAV CANADA. In 2005, the United States was discussing a similar delegation of the FAA's air traffic services to an "arm's-length" government corporation. During

1720-523: Was alleged to have fraudulently charged expenses to the non-existent Mackenzie Valley Pipeline project. This story came to light after repeated efforts by access to information expert Ken Rubin, and repeated denials by the department that the incriminating documents existed or that any impropriety had occurred. Transport Canada was criticized in 2008 for its refusal to approve electric cars manufactured in Canada. In 2017, Transport Canada proposed regulations for drones that were widely criticized. As

1763-489: Was found by a journalism student. The memory stick contained many documents showing efforts by security inspectors to enforce aviation security regulations, and the perceived failure of management to do so. The CBC report also detailed the alleged reprisals — and fear of reprisals — against whistleblowers and other employees. Transport Canada's move to Safety Management Systems (SMS) in its regulation of civil aviation has been criticised. Whistleblower Hugh Danford,

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1806-459: Was then the longest in the world, was completed in 1885 to great fanfare. The booming Canadian economy after 1900 led to plans to build two new transcontinental railways. The Canadian Northern , a successful system covering the northern part of the prairies, and the Grand Trunk (through its Grand Trunk Pacific subsidiary) both launched ambitious plans to expand. The government at first encouraged

1849-465: Was transferred from the Civil Aviation Branch of the Department of National Defence . Based in Ottawa, the Directorate has regional offices across Canada in geographical regions: Prior to 1990, Transport Canada was responsible for aircraft incident investigation through: After 1990, the role was transferred over to Transportation Safety Board of Canada . As of February 2023, Transport Canada lists

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