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102-570: The area is rich in history. It was a favorite subject of painters in the Hudson River School , particularly Thomas Cole . For a long time, the prestigious resort hotels in the area made it synonymous with the Catskills. Today, the area provides hiking, swimming, boating (no motors), and fishing. The North–South Lake area is not only the beginning of the recreational history of the Catskills, but "America's First Wilderness." This goes back to

204-544: A visual language of form, colour and line to create a composition that may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world. Abstract expressionism was an American post- World War II art movement that combined the emotional intensity and self-denial of the German Expressionists with the anti-figurative aesthetic of the European abstract schools—such as Futurism , Bauhaus and Cubism , and

306-422: A C note) is analogous to "light" in painting, "shades" to dynamics , and "coloration" is to painting as the specific timbre of musical instruments is to music. These elements do not necessarily form a melody (in music) of themselves; rather, they can add different contexts to it. Modern artists have extended the practice of painting considerably to include, as one example, collage , which began with Cubism and

408-439: A characteristic of the alliance between Symbolist writers and Neo-Impressionist artists: I ask of divided brushwork not the objective rendering of light, but iridescences and certain aspects of color still foreign to painting. I make a kind of chromatic versification and for syllables, I use strokes which, variable in quantity, cannot differ in dimension without modifying the rhythm of a pictorial phraseology destined to translate

510-402: A common graffiti medium. In the late 1970s, street graffiti writers' signatures and murals became more elaborate, and a unique style developed as a factor of the aerosol medium and the speed required for illicit work. Many now recognize graffiti and street art as a unique art form and specifically manufactured aerosol paints are made for the graffiti artist. A stencil protects a surface, except

612-428: A female householder with no husband present, and 35.50% were non-families. Of all households, 27.90% were made up of individuals, and 10.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.03. 23.50% of the county's population was under age 18, 8.70% was from age 18 to 24, 29.70% was from age 25 to 44, 24.70% was from age 45 to 64, and 13.30%

714-568: A flat valley floor. Their work was known, at first derisively, as the Hudson River School and eventually became America's first homegrown artistic movement. On that escarpment they found the two lakes. Painters like Thomas Cole depicted them [1] Archived 2007-04-20 at the Wayback Machine in many works that sold far and wide. Cole would be a frequent guest at, and lend his fame to, the Catskill Mountain House , built in 1823 by

816-423: A fluid medium, to the cracking and discoloration that result from changes in the color, opacity, or dimensions of the medium as it dries. Acrylic paint is fast drying paint containing pigment suspension in acrylic polymer emulsion . Acrylic paints can be diluted with water but become water-resistant when dry. Depending on how much the paint is diluted (with water) or modified with acrylic gels, media, or pastes,

918-462: A group of businessmen from the nearby village of Catskill on the "Pine Orchard" overlook that the Bartrams had made famous in their visit 70 years earlier. In 1839, Charles Beach took over. He made it into a premiere attraction for the country's elite, a sort of Hamptons of its day where politicians (including some presidents), captains of industry, artists, poets and writers would rub shoulders, admire

1020-598: A kiln to be fired. This melts the Silica glass in the glaze and transforms it into a vibrant glossy version of itself. Ink paintings are done with a liquid that contains pigments or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text , or design . Ink is used for drawing with a pen , brush , or quill . Ink can be a complex medium, composed of solvents , pigments, dyes, resins , lubricants , solubilizers, surfactants , particulate matter , fluorescers , and other materials. The components of inks serve many purposes;

1122-410: A medium for portrait miniatures . In the late 20th century, the technique of porcelain enamel on metal has been used as a durable medium for outdoor murals. Tempera , also known as egg tempera, is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored pigment mixed with a water-soluble binder medium (usually a glutinous material such as egg yolk or some other size ). Tempera also refers to

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1224-413: A painter can be any of the blues: phthalocyanine blue , Prussian blue , indigo , Cobalt blue , ultramarine , and so on. Psychological and symbolical meanings of color are not, strictly speaking, means of painting. Colors only add to the potential, derived context of meanings, and because of this, the perception of a painting is highly subjective. The analogy with music is quite clear—sound in music (like

1326-693: A performance of Mussorgsky 's Pictures at an Exhibition illustrates his "synaesthetic" concept of a universal correspondence of forms, colors and musical sounds. Music defines much of modernist abstract painting. Jackson Pollock underscores that interest with his 1950 painting Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) . Aesthetics is the study of art and beauty ; it was an important issue for 18th- and 19th-century philosophers such as Kant and Hegel . Classical philosophers like Plato and Aristotle also theorized about art and painting in particular. Plato disregarded painters (as well as sculptors) in his philosophical system; he maintained that painting cannot depict

1428-493: A solution acrylic paint under the brand Magna paint . These were mineral spirit -based paints. Water-based acrylic paints were subsequently sold as latex house paints. In 1963, George Rowney (part of Daler-Rowney since 1983) was the first manufacturer to introduce artists' acrylic paints in Europe, under the brand name "Cryla". Acrylics are the most common paints used in grattage , a surrealist technique that began to be used with

1530-524: A spiritual value, and he attaches primary colors to essential feelings or concepts, something that Goethe and other writers had already tried to do. Iconography is the study of the content of paintings, rather than their style. Erwin Panofsky and other art historians first seek to understand the things depicted, before looking at their meaning for the viewer at the time, and finally analyzing their wider cultural, religious, and social meaning. In 1890,

1632-544: A surface is the essence of painting, just as pitch and rhythm are the essence of music . Color is highly subjective, but has observable psychological effects, although these can differ from one culture to the next. Black is associated with mourning in the West, but in the East, white is. Some painters, theoreticians, writers, and scientists, including Goethe , Kandinsky , and Newton , have written their own color theory . Moreover,

1734-508: A surface to make a fixed or unfixed sand painting. Digital painting is a method of creating an art object (painting) digitally or a technique for making digital art on the computer. As a method of creating an art object, it adapts traditional painting medium such as acrylic paint , oils , ink , watercolor , etc. and applies the pigment to traditional carriers, such as woven canvas cloth, paper, polyester, etc. by means of software driving industrial robotic or office machinery (printers). As

1836-416: A technique, it refers to a computer graphics software program that uses a virtual canvas and virtual painting box of brushes, colors, and other supplies. The virtual box contains many instruments that do not exist outside the computer, and which give a digital artwork a different look and feel from an artwork that is made the traditional way. Furthermore, digital painting is not 'computer-generated' art as

1938-497: Is Slide Mountain , at approximately 4,180 feet (1,270 m) above sea level. The lowest point is sea level along the Hudson River. As of the census of 2010, the county had 181,440 people, 67,499 households, and 43,536 families. The population density was 158 inhabitants per square mile (61/km ). There were 77,656 housing units at an average density of 69 units per square mile (27/km ). The county's racial makeup, as of 2008,

2040-494: Is Alligator Rock, in which a pair of glacial erratics that formed an open mouth had "teeth" added over the years so it looks like an alligator 's open mouth. DEC charges a $ 10 fee per car for day users of the campground between May and October. North–South Lake was used in the music video by the band Simple Minds for their song Alive and Kicking . The song reached No.3 on the US Billboard. Painting Painting

2142-406: Is a visual art , which is characterized by the practice of applying paint , pigment , color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or " support "). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush , but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and airbrushes , may be used. One who produces paintings is called a painter . In art , the term "painting" describes both

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2244-442: Is a painting method in which the paints are made of pigments suspended in a water-soluble vehicle. The traditional and most common support for watercolor paintings is paper; other supports include papyrus , bark papers, plastics, vellum or leather , fabric , wood and canvas . In East Asia, watercolor painting with inks is referred to as brush painting or scroll painting. In Chinese , Korean , and Japanese painting it has been

2346-405: Is a water-based paint consisting of pigment and other materials designed to be used in an opaque painting method. Gouache differs from watercolor in that the particles are larger, the ratio of pigment to water is much higher, and an additional, inert, white pigment such as chalk is also present. This makes gouache heavier and more opaque, with greater reflective qualities. Like all water media, it

2448-406: Is abstract by nature—it does not try to represent the exterior world, but expresses in an immediate way the inner feelings of the soul. Wassily Kandinsky often used musical terms to identify his works; he called his most spontaneous paintings "improvisations" and described more elaborate works as "compositions". Kandinsky theorized that "music is the ultimate teacher", and subsequently embarked upon

2550-612: Is also a town named Esopus located within Ulster County. The local Lenape indigenous people called themselves Waranawanka, but soon came to be known to the Dutch as the "Esopus Indians" because they were encountered around the settlement known as Esopus. In 1652, Thomas Chambers, a freeholder from the Manor of Rensselaerswyck , purchased land at Esopus. He and several others actually settled and began farming by June 1653. The settlements grew into

2652-581: Is any of several related mural painting types, done on plaster on walls or ceilings. The word fresco comes from the Italian word affresco [afˈfresːko] , which derives from the Latin word for fresh . Frescoes were often made during the Renaissance and other early time periods. Buon fresco technique consists of painting in pigment mixed with water on a thin layer of wet, fresh lime mortar or plaster , for which

2754-440: Is closer to the natural dry pigments than that of any other process. Because the surface of a pastel painting is fragile and easily smudged, its preservation requires protective measures such as framing under glass; it may also be sprayed with a fixative . Nonetheless, when made with permanent pigments and properly cared for, a pastel painting may endure unchanged for centuries. Pastels are not susceptible, as are paintings made with

2856-434: Is diluted with water. Gouache was a popular paint utilized by Egyptians, Painters such as Francois Boucher used this medium. This paint is best applied with sable brushes. Ceramic Glaze Glazing is commonly known as a premelted liquid glass. This glaze can be dipped or brushed on. This glaze appears chalky and there is a vast difference between the beginning and finished result. To be activated glazed pottery must be placed in

2958-721: Is land and 37 square miles (96 km ) (3.1%) is water. Ulster County is in southeastern New York State, south of Albany , immediately west of the Hudson River . Much of it is within the Catskill Mountains and the Shawangunk Ridge . Ulster County has Minnewaska State Park Preserve , Mohonk Preserve , Sundown State Park, VerNooykill State Forest, Witches Hole State Forest, and Shawangunk Ridge State Forest. The Sam's Point section of Minnewaska includes rare dwarf pine trees and Verkeerder Kill falls . The county's highest point

3060-578: Is not painting in the strict sense. Some modern painters incorporate different materials such as metal, plastic, sand , cement , straw , leaves or wood for their texture. Examples of this are the works of Jean Dubuffet and Anselm Kiefer . There is a growing community of artists who use computers to "paint" color onto a digital "canvas" using programs such as Adobe Photoshop , Corel Painter , and many others. These images can be printed onto traditional canvas if required. Jean Metzinger 's mosaic-like Divisionist technique had its parallel in literature;

3162-421: Is of crucial importance in the given work of art, and it directly affects the aesthetic value of that work. This is because the aesthetic value is functionality dependent, i.e. the freedom (of movement) of perception is perceived as beauty. Free flow of energy, in art as well as in other forms of " techne ", directly contributes to the aesthetic value. Music was important to the birth of abstract art since music

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3264-604: Is self-consciousness. This often led to experiments with form, and work that draws attention to the processes and materials used (and to the further tendency of abstraction). The first example of modernism in painting was impressionism , a school of painting that initially focused on work done, not in studios, but outdoors ( en plein air ). Impressionist paintings demonstrated that human beings do not see objects, but instead see light itself. The school gathered adherents despite internal divisions among its leading practitioners and became increasingly influential. Initially rejected from

3366-580: Is the most popular state property in the Catskill Park . Visitors can choose from a wide array of recreation, either waterborne or land-based. The most common activity is the same as it was in the days of the Mountain House ... hiking via the many trails to nearby points of interest such as the ruins of the Kaaterskill and the Mountain House, Kaaterskill Falls , Mary's Glen and its smaller waterfall, and

3468-577: The Franco-Cantabrian region in western Europe, and in the caves in the district of Maros ( Sulawesi , Indonesia ). In November 2018, however, scientists reported the discovery of the then-oldest known figurative art painting, over 40,000 (perhaps as old as 52,000) years old, of an unknown animal, in the cave of Lubang Jeriji Saléh on the Indonesian island of Borneo ( Kalimantan ). In December 2019, figurative cave paintings depicting pig hunting in

3570-610: The Hudson Valley Rail Trail , Wallkill Valley Rail Trail , and O&W Rail Trail. The Walkway Over the Hudson , the world's longest pedestrian and bicycle bridge which spans the Hudson River, is connected within Ulster County trails. Ulster County has also played a role in some significant moments in U.S. history. The Senate House State Historic Site in Kingston, New York , is where, in early 1777, American colonists met to ratify

3672-651: The Maros-Pangkep karst in Sulawesi were estimated to be even older, at at least 43,900 years old. The finding was noted to be "the oldest pictorial record of storytelling and the earliest figurative artwork in the world". More recently, in 2021, cave art of a pig found in an Indonesian island, and dated to over 45,500 years, has been reported. However, the earliest evidence of the act of painting has been discovered in two rock-shelters in Arnhem Land , in northern Australia. In

3774-954: The New York Constitution . The Ulster County Fair has been held in New Paltz for many years and is promoted as "The Best Six Days of Summer". County run recreation areas include the Ulster County Pool in New Paltz and the Ulster Landing Park in Saugerties. Since 2016, Kingston Stockade FC , a semi-professional soccer team that plays in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), has been based in Kingston and plays its home matches at Dietz Stadium . Also since 2015,

3876-491: The Northeast and elsewhere began to attract guests and automobiles began to displace rail as the primary means of intercity transport, making vacations of a weekend's duration possible rather than the weeks and months guests had often stayed at the Mountain House. Fires leveled both the Kaaterskill and Laurel; neither was ever rebuilt. In 1929 the state parks department, under the leadership of Robert Moses , took advantage of

3978-471: The Renaissance oil painting techniques had almost completely replaced tempera paints in the majority of Europe. Pastel is a painting medium in the form of a stick, consisting of pure powdered pigment and a binder. The pigments used in pastels are the same as those used to produce all colored art media, including oil paints ; the binder is of a neutral hue and low saturation . The color effect of pastels

4080-651: The Sublime , in terms that clearly gave priority to the former. Although he did not refer to painting in particular, this concept was taken up by painters such as J.M.W. Turner and Caspar David Friedrich . Hegel recognized the failure of attaining a universal concept of beauty and, in his aesthetic essay, wrote that painting is one of the three "romantic" arts, along with Poetry and Music , for its symbolic , highly intellectual purpose. Painters who have written theoretical works on painting include Kandinsky and Paul Klee . In his essay, Kandinsky maintains that painting has

4182-464: The history of painting in both Eastern and Western art is dominated by religious art . Examples of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery , to Biblical scenes on the Sistine Chapel ceiling , to scenes from the life of Buddha (or other images of Eastern religious origin ). The oldest known paintings are approximately 40,000 years old, found in both

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4284-495: The truth —it is a copy of reality (a shadow of the world of ideas) and is nothing but a craft , similar to shoemaking or iron casting. By the time of Leonardo, painting had become a closer representation of the truth than painting was in Ancient Greece . Leonardo da Vinci , on the contrary, said that " Italian : La Pittura è cosa mentale " ("English: painting is a thing of the mind "). Kant distinguished between Beauty and

4386-518: The 2022 election to replace Ryan. For the election, 14-year-old Hudson Rowan designed the Ulster County "I Voted" sticker , which went viral for its weird design. Metzger took office in 2023. Legislative authority is vested in the County Legislature, which consists of 23 members elected from individual districts, as directed by a county charter reapportionment mandate starting in late 2010. Of

4488-399: The East, ink and color ink historically predominated the choice of media, with equally rich and complex traditions. The invention of photography had a major impact on painting. In the decades after the first photograph was produced in 1829, photographic processes improved and became more widely practiced, depriving painting of much of its historic purpose to provide an accurate record of

4590-505: The Italian word for plaster, intonaco , is used. A secco painting, in contrast, is done on dry plaster ( secco is "dry" in Italian). The pigments require a binding medium, such as egg ( tempera ), glue or oil to attach the pigment to the wall. Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments that are bound with a medium of drying oil , such as linseed oil , poppyseed oil which

4692-544: The Parisian painter Maurice Denis famously asserted: "Remember that a painting—before being a warhorse, a naked woman or some story or other—is essentially a flat surface covered with colors assembled in a certain order." Thus, many 20th-century developments in painting, such as Cubism , were reflections on the means of painting rather than on the external world— nature —which had previously been its core subject. Recent contributions to thinking about painting have been offered by

4794-623: The Saugerties Stallions, a collegiate summer baseball league team that plays in the Perfect Game Collegiate Baseball League (PGCBL), have been based in Saugerties and play their home games at Cantine Field. The Stallions won the 2021 PGCBL Championship. Public transportation in Ulster County is provided by Trailways of New York to and from New York City and Albany, and along Routes 28 and 32, by Ulster County Area Transit on major state and U.S. road corridors in

4896-607: The Ulster County legislature before moving to the 19th Congressional District to run for Congress. Ulster County has continued to be a popular vacation destination for many decades. The county is home to many outdoor landscapes, including the Catskill Mountains , the Hudson River , Minnewaska State Park , Catskill Park , Shawangunk Mountains and the Shawangunk Ridge . Each offers various recreation opportunities, including hiking, bicycling, skiing, horseback riding, kayaking, rock climbing, hunting and fishing. The county also includes more than 40 miles (64 km) of rail trails along

4998-925: The act and the result of the action (the final work is called "a painting"). The support for paintings includes such surfaces as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer , pottery, leaf , copper and concrete , and the painting may incorporate multiple other materials, including sand, clay , paper, plaster , gold leaf , and even whole objects. Painting is an important form of visual art , bringing in elements such as drawing , composition , gesture , narration , and abstraction . Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (as in still life and landscape painting ), photographic , abstract, narrative, symbolistic (as in Symbolist art ), emotive (as in Expressionism ) or political in nature (as in Artivism ). A portion of

5100-583: The advent of this type of paint. Acrylics are used for this purpose because they easily scrape or peel from a surface. Aerosol paint (also called spray paint) is a type of paint that comes in a sealed pressurized container and is released in a fine spray mist when depressing a valve button. A form of spray painting , aerosol paint leaves a smooth, evenly coated surface. Standard sized cans are portable, inexpensive and easy to store. Aerosol primer can be applied directly to bare metal and many plastics. Speed, portability and permanence also make aerosol paint

5202-437: The age. Artists continue to make important works of art in a wide variety of styles and aesthetic temperaments —their merits are left to the public and the marketplace to judge. The Feminist art movement began in the 1960s during the second wave of feminism. The movement sought to gain equal rights and equal opportunities for female artists internationally. Color , made up of hue , saturation , and value , dispersed over

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5304-418: The area to this day although the tracks themselves are long gone. The area's reputation suffered a major blow in the early 1880s when Arnold Henry Guyot , an occasional visitor, undertook to do in his spare time the first complete survey of the Catskills and found that, contrary to the claims of Beach and other hoteliers in the area, the highest mountain was not nearby Kaaterskill High Peak , which dominates

5406-460: The artist's ability to work quickly. Another difference is that watercolors must be painted onto a porous surface, primarily watercolor paper. Acrylic paints can be used on many different surfaces. Both acrylic and watercolor are easy to clean up with water. Acrylic paint should be cleaned with soap and water immediately following use. Watercolor paint can be cleaned with just water. Between 1946 and 1949, Leonard Bocour and Sam Golden invented

5508-663: The colonies and in Britain. In the early years of the 19th century, American artists seeking a subject matter unique to the new nation were drawn away from New York City and up the Hudson Valley . There they focused on the wildness of the landscape where mountains drew close to the river, first in the Hudson Highlands and then, further north, the Catskill Escarpment , where mountains rise to nearly 4,000 feet (1219 m) from

5610-443: The computer does not automatically create images on the screen using some mathematical calculations. On the other hand, the artist uses his own painting technique to create a particular piece of work on the computer. Other- Unruly Painting Methods. Painting is not confined to one method over another. Artists such as Andy Warhol Explored the limits of painting. Oxidization was utilized by Andy Warhol as he painted canvases sprawled on

5712-470: The county is in New York's 18th congressional district , represented by Democrat Pat Ryan . Some of the west and north of the county is in New York's 19th congressional district , represented by Republican Marc Molinaro . It had no U.S. representative after Antonio Delgado resigned on May 25, 2022, to become lieutenant governor of New York . Ryan won a special election on August 23 against Molinaro, and

5814-432: The county legislature hiring a county administrator to handle executive functions. The chair of the legislature had a great deal of power and was accountable only to the voters of their district. The only countywide elected officials were the county clerk , district attorney , and sheriff . In 2006, voters approved the first-ever county charter , changing to an elected executive branch. Two years later, Michael P. Hein ,

5916-571: The creation of the Hotel Kaaterskill near the top of neighboring South Mountain, and the smaller Laurel House Hotel on Laurel House Road in Haines Falls, N.Y. boasted control over one of the top attractions of the area, Kaaterskill Falls . The popularity of the resorts led to the construction of narrow-gauge rail spurs and an incline railway up the escarpment to more efficiently bring guests to their destinations. The rights-of-way remain in

6018-423: The diverse emotions aroused by nature. (Jean Metzinger, c.  1907 ) Rhythm , for artists such as Piet Mondrian , is important in painting as it is in music. If one defines rhythm as "a pause incorporated into a sequence", then there can be rhythm in paintings. These pauses allow creative force to intervene and add new creations—form, melody, coloration. The distribution of form or any kind of information

6120-484: The dominant medium, often in monochrome black or browns. India, Ethiopia and other countries also have long traditions. Finger-painting with watercolor paints originated in China . There are various types of watercolors used by artists. Some examples are pan watercolors, liquid watercolors, watercolor brush pens, and watercolor pencils . Watercolor pencils (water-soluble color pencils) may be used either wet or dry. Gouache

6222-519: The downturn in the hotel business to acquire some of the land around the lakes and keep them "forever wild" under Article 14 of the New York State Constitution. At that time the two lakes were separated by an earthen dam, and South Lake and the land east of North Lake beach were privately owned. The original campground consisted of 10 sites (there are currently 219 sites) and a small picnic area. The beaches were added in 1936. Eventually,

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6324-435: The finished acrylic painting can resemble a watercolor or an oil painting , or have its own unique characteristics not attainable with other media. The main practical difference between most acrylics and oil paints is the inherent drying time. Oils allow for more time to blend colors and apply even glazes over under-paintings. This slow drying aspect of oil can be seen as an advantage for certain techniques but may also impede

6426-426: The first seven of his ten Compositions . Hearing tones and chords as he painted, Kandinsky theorized that (for example), yellow is the color of middle C on a brassy trumpet; black is the color of closure, and the end of things; and that combinations of colors produce vibrational frequencies, akin to chords played on a piano. In 1871 the young Kandinsky learned to play the piano and cello. Kandinsky's stage design for

6528-719: The first state capital of the independent New York State was established at Kingston. The official records of Ulster County were removed to safety to a stone house in Kerhonkson when it became evident that the British would burn Kingston. In 1797, parts of Otsego and Ulster Counties were split off to create Delaware County. In 1798, Ulster County's southernmost towns were moved into Orange County to compensate Orange for breaking away its southernmost part to form Rockland County . In 1800, portions of Albany and Ulster Counties were split off to create Greene County. In 1809, Sullivan County

6630-470: The ground. He then had his assistants and friends urinate on the still-wet Paint to witness the visible changes that would occur. Menstrual Painting Other interesting painting mediums have helped women and menstruating individuals gain freedom and liberty over their bodies. Blood from menstrual periods has been used to paint images across the world for centuries. Sarah Maple, a contemporary artist, has used her menstrual blood to create portraits to help erase

6732-418: The historic value of craft and documentation in favour of concept . This has not deterred the majority of living painters from continuing to practice painting either as a whole or part of their work. The vitality and versatility of painting in the 21st century defy the previous "declarations" of its demise. In an epoch characterized by the idea of pluralism , there is no consensus as to a representative style of

6834-444: The image of being rebellious, anarchic, highly idiosyncratic and, some feel, nihilistic. Action painting , sometimes called gestural abstraction , is a style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed or smeared onto the canvas, rather than being carefully applied. The resulting work often emphasizes the physical act of painting itself as an essential aspect of the finished work or concern of its artist. The style

6936-424: The ink's carrier, colorants, and other additives control flow and thickness of the ink and its appearance when dry. Enamels are made by painting a substrate, typically metal, with powdered glass; minerals called color oxides provide coloration. After firing at a temperature of 750–850 degrees Celsius (1380–1560 degrees Fahrenheit), the result is a fused lamination of glass and metal. Unlike most painted techniques,

7038-466: The last appointed county administrator, became Ulster's first elected county executive . In early 2019, Hein resigned to accept Governor Andrew Cuomo 's appointment as commissioner of the state Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance. Deputy County Executive Adele Reiter succeeded him as acting county executive until a special election was held in April 2019. On April 30, 2019, Democrat Patrick K. Ryan

7140-450: The late 19th century and early 20th century. Modernism was a revolt against the conservative values of realism . The term encompasses the activities and output of those who felt the "traditional" forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith, social organization, and daily life were becoming outdated in the new economic, social, and political conditions of an emerging fully industrialized world. A salient characteristic of modernism

7242-688: The lowest layer of material at these sites, there are used pieces of ochre estimated to be 60,000 years old. Archaeologists have also found a fragment of rock painting preserved in a limestone rock-shelter in the Kimberley region of North-Western Australia, that is dated to 40,000 years old. There are examples of cave paintings all over the world—in Indonesia , France , Spain , Portugal , Italy , China , India , Australia , Mexico , etc. In Western cultures, oil painting and watercolor painting have rich and complex traditions in style and subject matter. In

7344-462: The many views of the Hudson Valley along the Escarpment Trail . The latter retain names from the 19th century such as "Artists' Rock." Some have etchings dating back to those days as well. The hardiest visitors usually take in the trip up North Mountain to the views at North Point. Closer to the ground, there are also many clever balanced-rock displays made by hotel guests. One rarely missed

7446-825: The medium that the pigment is suspended or embedded in, which determines the general working characteristics of the paint, such as viscosity , miscibility , solubility , drying time, etc. Encaustic painting , also known as hot wax painting, involves using heated beeswax to which colored pigments are added. The liquid/paste is then applied to a surface—usually prepared wood, though canvas and other materials are often used. The simplest encaustic mixture can be made from adding pigments to beeswax, but there are several other recipes that can be used—some containing other types of waxes , damar resin , linseed oil , or other ingredients. Pure, powdered pigments can be purchased and used, though some mixtures use oil paints or other forms of pigment. Metal tools and special brushes can be used to shape

7548-762: The members of the County Legislature, 15 are part of the Democratic Caucus (all 15 are affiliated with the Democratic Party), and 8 are part of the Republican Caucus (all 8 are affiliated with the Republican Party). Ulster County contains a large part of Catskill Park and the Catskill Forest Preserve . The former Delaware and Hudson Canal brought Pennsylvania coal to Kingston on the Hudson. Former Orleans band member John Hall served in

7650-577: The most important commercial show of the time, the government-sponsored Paris Salon , the Impressionists organized yearly group exhibitions in commercial venues during the 1870s and 1880s, timing them to coincide with the official Salon. A significant event of 1863 was the Salon des Refusés , created by Emperor Napoleon III to display all of the paintings rejected by the Paris Salon. Abstract painting uses

7752-439: The observable world. A series of art movements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries—notably Impressionism , Post-Impressionism , Fauvism , Expressionism , Cubism , and Dadaism —challenged the Renaissance view of the world. Eastern and African painting, however, continued a long history of stylization and did not undergo an equivalent transformation at the same time. Modern and Contemporary art has moved away from

7854-465: The paint before it cools, or heated metal tools can be used to manipulate the wax once it has cooled onto the surface. Other materials can be encased or collaged into the surface, or layered, using the encaustic medium to adhere it to the surface. The technique was the normal one for ancient Greek and Roman panel paintings, and remained in use in the Eastern Orthodox icon tradition. Watercolor

7956-433: The painter and writer Julian Bell. In his book What is Painting? , Bell discusses the development, through history, of the notion that paintings can express feelings and ideas. In Mirror of The World, Bell writes: A work of art seeks to hold your attention and keep it fixed: a history of art urges it onwards, bulldozing a highway through the homes of the imagination. Different types of paint are usually identified by

8058-426: The painter. The word 'style' in the latter sense has fallen out of favor in academic discussions about contemporary painting, though it continues to be used in popular contexts. Such movements or classifications include the following: Modernism describes both a set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated cultural movements , originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western society in

8160-482: The paintings done in this medium. Tempera paintings are very long-lasting, and examples from the first centuries CE still exist. Egg tempera was a primary method of painting until after 1500 when it was superseded by the invention of oil painting . A paint commonly called tempera (though it is not) consisting of pigment and glue size is commonly used and referred to by some manufacturers in America as poster paint . Fresco

8262-427: The party won a plurality, due to strong showings from third parties. In 2004 , John Kerry defeated George W. Bush , 54%–43%; in 2008 , Barack Obama defeated John McCain , 61%–37%; in 2012 , Obama defeated Mitt Romney , 60%–37%; in 2016 , Hillary Clinton defeated Donald Trump , 52%–41%; in 2020 , Joe Biden defeated Trump, 60%–39%; and in 2024 , Kamala Harris defeated Trump, 59%–41%. As of 2023, most of

8364-573: The population was 181,851. The county seat is Kingston . The county is named after the Irish province of Ulster . The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state. When part of the New Netherland colony, Dutch traders first called the area of present-day Ulster County "Esopus", a name borrowed for convenience from a locality on the opposite side of the Hudson. "Esopus" meant "land of flowing water and high banks," or "small brook." There

8466-741: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race For most of the 20th century, Ulster County voted for the Republican nominees for president. Republicans regularly got over 60% of the vote, the high point coming when Dwight D. Eisenhower won 76% in 1956 . The Democratic nominee won only in 1912 , when Theodore Roosevelt and his Progressive Party split the Republican vote and gave a plurality to Woodrow Wilson , and in 1964 , when Lyndon B. Johnson won every county in New York and carried Ulster County by 19.8 percentage points. More recently, Ulster County has voted Democratic. In 1992 , 1996 , and 2000 ,

8568-490: The population were below the poverty line , including 13.00% of those under age 18 and 8.70% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2020 census the population of Ulster County is 181,851. The population density was 158 inhabitants per square mile (61/km ). The county's racial makeup, as of 2020, was 75.16% non-Hispanic white , 5.8% black or African American , 0.2% Native American , 2.1% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 5.4% from other races or from two or more races. 11.61% of

8670-490: The same techniques as traditional oil-based paint, but while still wet it can be effectively removed from brushes, palettes, and rags with ordinary soap and water. Its water solubility comes from the use of an oil medium in which one end of the molecule has been altered to bind loosely to water molecules, as in a solution . Sandpainting is the art of pouring coloured sands, and powdered pigments from minerals or crystals, or pigments from other natural or synthetic sources onto

8772-401: The specific shape to be painted. Stencils can be purchased as movable letters, ordered as professionally cut logos or hand-cut by artists. Water miscible oil paints (also called "water soluble" or "water-mixable") is a modern variety of oil paint engineered to be thinned and cleaned up with water, rather than having to use chemicals such as turpentine . It can be mixed and applied using

8874-453: The state was able to acquire all the land save that around the original Mountain House, which finally closed for good after a failed attempt to revive and relaunch it in 1940. After the war that, too, would come into state ownership. While preservationists fought to save the remains of the Mountain House throughout the 1950s for their historical value, the policies under which Forest Preserve land

8976-425: The surface can be handled and wetted Enamels have traditionally been used for decoration of precious objects, but have also been used for other purposes. Limoges enamel was the leading centre of Renaissance enamel painting, with small religious and mythological scenes in decorated surrounds, on plaques or objects such as salts or caskets. In the 18th century, enamel painting enjoyed a vogue in Europe, especially as

9078-411: The taboo covering the topic of periods. Style is used in two senses: It can refer to the distinctive visual elements, techniques, and methods that typify an individual artist's work. It can also refer to the movement or school that an artist is associated with. This can stem from an actual group that the artist was consciously involved with or it can be a category in which art historians have placed

9180-536: The use of language is only an abstraction for a color equivalent. The word " red ", for example, can cover a wide range of variations from the pure red of the visible spectrum of light. There is not a formalized register of different colors in the way that there is agreement on different notes in music, such as F or C♯ . For a painter, color is not simply divided into basic (primary) and derived (complementary or mixed) colors (like red, blue, green, brown, etc.). Painters deal practically with pigments , so " blue " for

9282-482: The view south over the lakes, but Slide Mountain , some distance to the southwest in the Ulster County town of Shandaken . They at first disputed this claim vigorously and even tried to cast aspersions on Guyot's reputation, but by 1886 his results had been confirmed by others and the North-South lake region had lost some of its cachet. In the early 20th century the hotels began to decline as other mountain regions in

9384-437: The view, take walks in the adjacent forests by day and excellent dinners by night. The hotel owners told guests that an Indian legend had it that the two lakes were the eyes of a fallen giant, and his buried body the escarpment itself (in reality, there is no such legend). Other hotels were built in the area. Beach's remark to a dissatisfied guest, a Philadelphia businessman, that he should build himself his own hotel led to

9486-535: The village of Wiltwijck, which the English later named Kingston . In 1683, the Duke of York created 12 counties in his province, one of which was Ulster County, named after Prince James, Duke of York (later King James II of England ) whose subsidiary titles included Earl of Ulster . Its boundaries at that time included the present Sullivan County and parts of the present Delaware , Orange , and Greene counties. In 1777,

9588-500: The years before the Revolution , to 1753, when early naturalist John Bartram visited the area with his son to collect samples of balsam fir , which was sought for its alleged medicinal properties. While the seedlings he gathered failed to flourish in Britain when replanted by his patrons, his account of the expedition, "A Journey to Ye Cat Skill Mountains with Billy," became popular in

9690-618: Was 83.2% white , 6.50% black or African American , 0.3% Native American , 1.7% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 2.15% from other races , and 1.70% from two or more races. 7.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19.2% were of Italian , 16.8% Irish , 15.5% German , 6.8% English , and 4.7% American ancestry according to Census 2000 . 90.3% spoke English , 4.5% Spanish , 1.2% Italian , and 1.0% German as their first language. There were 67,499 households, of which 30.70% had children under age 18 living with them, 49.20% were married couples living together, 10.90% had

9792-408: Was age 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.60 males. The county's median household income was $ 42,551, and the median family income was $ 51,708. Males had a median income of $ 36,808 versus $ 27,086 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 20,846. About 7.20% of families and 11.40% of

9894-491: Was elected in a special election by a margin of 74%-26%. He was sworn in as Ulster County's second County Executive on June 7, 2019. On September 9, 2022, Ryan stepped down as county executive after winning election to the United States House of Representatives , and Johanna Contreras was sworn in as an acting county executive. Democrat Jen Metzger , a former New York State Senator, defeated Republican Jim Quigley in

9996-427: Was managed required the state to remove most structures on it, and they were becoming an attractive nuisance as well. Accordingly, the Mountain House was razed one winter morning in 1963. In the 1970s, the dam between the lakes was removed and a new dam built at the outlet of South Lake to create one large lake. The campground now plays host to 219 sites and thousands of visitors, both day and overnight, annually. It

10098-555: Was split off from Ulster County. During the American Civil War , volunteers were recruited from the county and formed the majority of the following regiments: Other regiments with at least one company from the county included: The Lake Mohonk Mountain House on Shawangunk Ridge was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has an area of 1,161 square miles (3,010 km ), of which 1,124 square miles (2,910 km )

10200-475: Was sworn in on September 13. Ryan ran in the 18th congressional district in the 2022 general election after redistricting put most of Ulster County in that district. Ryan was narrowly reelected against New York Assembly member Colin Schmitt . Molinaro ran in the 19th district and narrowly defeated Democrat Josh Riley. For a long time, Ulster County had a county-scale version of a council-manager government , with

10302-405: Was widely used in early modern Europe. Often the oil was boiled with a resin such as pine resin or even frankincense ; these were called 'varnishes' and were prized for their body and gloss. Oil paint eventually became the principal medium used for creating artworks as its advantages became widely known. The transition began with Early Netherlandish painting in northern Europe, and by the height of

10404-409: Was widespread from the 1940s until the early 1960s and is closely associated with abstract expressionism (some critics have used the terms "action painting" and "abstract expressionism" interchangeably). Other modernist styles include: Ulster County, New York Ulster County is a county in the U.S. state of New York . It is situated along the Hudson River . As of the 2020 census ,

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