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27-701: In 1883 the Russian Achilles M. De Khotinsky built the first light bulb and accumulator factory in the Netherlands at Prins Hendrikkade 35. The oldest Rhine shipping company for bulk goods W. van Driel Stoomboot- & Transportbedrijven was founded in 1888 by Willem van Driel sr. (1845-1911), with headquarters on the Noordereiland in Rotterdam on the Maaskade to operate a tugboat company and to focus on mass transport to

54-788: A smock mill in North Holland , the only wind powered paper mill in the world, listed as rijksmonument number 40013; De Wieker Meule, De Wijk , in Drenthe province, built in 1829 and restored to working order, listed as rijksmonument number 39657; and Mellemolen , a hollow post mill in Friesland , also restored to working order, listed as rijksmonument number 35937. Among the rijksmonuments are also many churches. Most rijksmonuments are residential buildings, such as houses and villas. North Holland North Holland ( Dutch : Noord-Holland , pronounced [ˌnoːrt ˈɦɔlɑnt] )

81-470: Is Haarlem (pop. 161,265). The province's largest city and also the largest city in the Netherlands is the Dutch capital Amsterdam , with a population of 862,965 as of November 2019. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Arthur van Dijk  [ nl ] , who has been serving since 2019. There are 45 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province. The busiest airport in

108-614: Is a national heritage site of the Netherlands , listed by the agency Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (RCE) acting for the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science . At the end of February 2015, the Netherlands had 61,822 listed national heritage sites, of which approximately 1,500 are listed as archaeological sites. Until 2012, a place had to be over 50 years old to be eligible for designation. This criterion expired on 1 January 2012. The current legislation governing

135-456: Is a province of the Netherlands in the northwestern part of the country. It is located on the North Sea , north of South Holland and Utrecht , and west of Friesland and Flevoland . As of January 2023, it had a population of about 2,952,000 and a total area of 4,092 km (1,580 sq mi), of which 1,429 km (552 sq mi) is water. From the 9th to the 16th century,

162-469: Is located in the city. Other companies based in the Netherlands' capital include Akzo Nobel , Heineken International , ING Group , ABN AMRO , TomTom , Delta Lloyd Group , Booking.com and Philips . Randstad Holding has its headquarters in Diemen while KPMG and KLM operate from Amstelveen . Several national nature friendly organisations like Milieudefensie , the national "Union of vegetarians",

189-508: Is now North Holland) and one for the former department of Maasland (now South Holland). Even though the province had been reunited, the two areas were still being treated differently in some ways and the idea of dividing Holland remained alive. During this reorganisation the islands of Vlieland and Terschelling were returned to Holland and parts of "Hollands Brabant" (including "Land of Altena") went to North Brabant . The borders with Utrecht and Gelderland were definitively set in 1820. When

216-475: The Haarlemmermeer was drained in 1855 and turned into arable land, it was made part of North Holland. In exchange, South Holland received the greater part of the municipality of Leimuiden in 1864. In 1942, the islands Vlieland and Terschelling went back to the province of Friesland . In 1950, the former island Urk was ceded to the province of Overijssel . In February 2011, North Holland, together with

243-652: The Dutch provinces were integrated into the French Empire. Amstelland and Utrecht were amalgamated as the department of "Zuiderzee" ( Zuyderzée in French) and Maasland was renamed "Monden van de Maas" ( Bouches-de-la-Meuse in French). After the defeat of the French in 1813, this organisation remained unchanged for a year or so. When the 1814 Constitution was introduced, the country was reorganised as provinces and regions ( landschappen ). Zuiderzee and Monden van de Maas were reunited as

270-586: The Netherlands and Europe's third-busiest airport, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol , is in North Holland. The province of North Holland as it is today has its origins in the period of French rule from 1795 to 1813. This was a time of bewildering changes to the Dutch system of provinces. In 1795, the old order was swept away and the Batavian Republic was established. In the Constitution enacted on 23 April 1798,

297-578: The Rhine of grain, ore, etc. The Hulstkamp building from 1892 is a national heritage monument on the Maaskade. At the beginning of the Burgemeester Hoffmanplein is the Wilhelmina fountain designed by Henri Evers in 1898 on the occasion of the accession of Queen Wilhelmina to the throne. In 1907, the municipality of Rotterdam opened a floating wooden bathing and swimming facility on the Maaskade, which

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324-561: The area was an integral part of the County of Holland . During this period West Friesland was incorporated. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the area was part of the province of Holland and commonly known as the Noorderkwartier (English: "Northern Quarter"). In 1840, the province of Holland was split into the two provinces of North Holland and South Holland. In 1855, the Haarlemmermeer was drained and turned into land. The provincial capital

351-544: The constitutional amendments were introduced in 1840, it was decided to split Holland once again, this time into two provinces called "North Holland" and "South Holland". The need for this was not felt in South Holland or in West Friesland (which feared the dominance of Amsterdam ). The impetus came largely from Amsterdam, which still resented the 1838 relocation of the court of appeal to The Hague in South Holland. After

378-722: The construction of the Rotterdam Metro . The green strip at Meeuwenstraat now bears the name Prinsenhoofd. The construction of the new Willemsbrug in 1981 and the Willemsspoortunnel (Willems railway tunnel) in 1994 have changed the east side of the island quite a bit due to the demolition of old buildings and new building construction. 51°54′49″N 4°29′42″E  /  51.91361°N 4.49500°E  / 51.91361; 4.49500 Rijksmonument A rijksmonument ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɛiksmoːnyˌmɛnt] , lit.   ' state monument ' )

405-439: The department of Holland was created. This reorganisation had been short-lived, but it gave birth to the concept of breaking up Holland and making it a less powerful province. In 1807, Holland was reorganised. This time the two departments were called "Amstelland" (corresponding to the modern province of North Holland) and "Maasland" (corresponding to the modern province of South Holland ). This also did not last long. In 1810, all

432-399: The idea of a merger into one province. With or without South Holland, if created, the new province would be the largest in the Netherlands in both area and population . North Holland is situated at 52°40′N 4°50′E  /  52.667°N 4.833°E  / 52.667; 4.833 in the northwest of the Netherlands with to the northeast the province of Friesland , to the east

459-806: The monuments is the Monumentenwet van 1988 ("Monument Law of 1988"). The organization responsible for caring for the monuments, which used to be called Monumentenzorg , was recently renamed, and is now called Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (national service for cultural heritage). In June 2009, the Court of The Hague decided that individual purchasers of buildings that were listed as rijksmonuments would be exempt from paying transfer tax, effective from 1 May 2009. Previously this exemption had only applied to juridical entities . Many Dutch tourist attractions are rijksmonuments, such as castles or windmills . Some notable windmills are De Schoolmeester, Westzaan ,

486-430: The old borders were radically changed. The republic was reorganised into eight departments ( département ) with roughly equal populations. Holland was split up into five departments named " Texel ", " Amstel ", " Delf ", " Schelde en Maas ", and " Rijn ". The first three of these lay within the borders of the old Holland; the latter two were made up of parts of different provinces. In 1801 the old borders were restored when

513-625: The province of Flevoland , to the southeast the province of Utrecht , to the southwest the province of South Holland , and to the west the North Sea . North Holland is a broad peninsula for the most part, located between the North Sea , the Wadden Sea , the IJsselmeer , and the Markermeer . More than half of the province consists of reclaimed polder land situated below sea level. The West Frisian islands of Noorderhaaks and Texel are also part of

540-437: The province of "Holland". One of the ministers on the constitutional committee (van Maanen) suggested that the old name "Holland and West Friesland" be reintroduced to respect the feelings of the people of that region. This proposal was rejected. However, the division was not totally reversed. When the province of Holland was re-established in 1814, it was given two governors, one for the former department of Amstelland (area that

567-937: The province. However, the offer has been neither accepted nor rejected. North Holland has five municipalities with 100,000 or more inhabitants. They are, in order of size, Amsterdam (in terms of population this is also the largest municipality in the Netherlands), Haarlem , Zaanstad , Haarlemmermeer and Alkmaar . Another seven municipalities have a population between 50,000 and 100,000 inhabitants ( Hilversum , Amstelveen , Purmerend , Hoorn , Velsen , Den Helder and Dijk en Waard ). Municipalities are grouped for statistical purposes. North Holland has various regions that, for historical or other reasons, have their own identities. Some of these regions are unofficial, ill-defined and sometimes overlapping. Others are official and are part of regional groupings artificially created for various administrative purposes. These regions are not

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594-596: The province. North Holland makes up a single region of the International Organization for Standardization world region code system, having the code ISO 3166-2:NL -NH. As of 24 March 2022, North Holland is divided into 44 municipalities ( local government ). After the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles , three islands in the Caribbean : Bonaire , Saba , and Sint Eustatius , were offered to join

621-546: The provinces of Utrecht and Flevoland , showed a desire to investigate the feasibility of a merger between the three provinces. This has been positively received by the First Rutte cabinet , for the desire to create one Randstad province has already been mentioned in the coalition agreement . The province of South Holland, part of the Randstad urban area, visioned to be part of the Randstad province, and very much supportive of

648-450: The relevant site pages of national nature conservation organisations Natuurmonumenten and Staatsbosbeheer , as well as provincial organisation "Landschap Noord-Holland". Several international organisations such as Amnesty International have settled the head office of their Netherlands branch in the province and particularly in Amsterdam ; the international head office of Greenpeace

675-562: The same as the municipalities. List of some of these unofficial and official regions in North Holland: About one in six Dutch people live in North Holland, which resulted in a population density over eight times the European average as of 2004. Some of the best known nature reserves in this province are: More information about nature reserves in North Holland is available (in Dutch) on

702-498: Was closed in 1962 due to polluted river water and because there was no money left for maintenance. With the arrival of the container and the relocation of port activities to Botlek , Europoort and Maasvlakte , the Noordereiland has become more residential. During the German bombings in May 1940, the Noordereiland was much better preserved than other parts of the city, because the Noordereiland

729-558: Was spared by the Luftwaffe , as the Germans had entrenched themselves there. However, more than 600 houses on the tips of the Noordereiland were destroyed by a number of English bombardments, which were intended to chase the Germans away. One of the affected points, the old Prinsenhoofd, was partly excavated in 1961 to form a trench at a depth of 20 meters in the riverbed of the Nieuwe Maas during

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