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112-516: Designed by Renzo Piano , the architect of the Modern Wing, the bridge is approximately 620 ft (190 m) long and 15 ft (4.6 m) wide. The bottom of the Bridgeway is made of white, painted structural steel , the floor is made of aluminum planking and the 42" tall railings are steel set atop stainless steel mesh. The Bridgeway features anti-slip walkways and heating elements to prevent

224-744: A Labour peer in the House of Lords ; having not attended a proceeding in the 2019–21 session, his membership expired on 11 May 2021. Rogers was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2008 Birthday Honours list . However, he was a republican. Rogers was awarded the RIBA Royal Gold Medal in 1985. He was twice honoured by France, first as a Chevalier, L'Ordre National de la Légion d'honneur in 1986, and later as an Officier de l' Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 1995. He received

336-496: A white paper , Towards an Urban Renaissance , outlining recommendations for future city designers. Rogers also served for several years as chair of the Greater London Authority panel for Architecture and Urbanism . He was chair of the board of Trustees of The Architecture Foundation . From 2001 to 2008, he was chief advisor on architecture and urbanism to the then Mayor of London Ken Livingstone . In 2008, he

448-499: A "magic lantern". The Parco della Musica is the complex of music venues located in the Rome neighborhood which hosted the 1960 Summer Olympics . The park has three theaters, the largest with 2800 seats; when completed it was the largest symphonic concert hall in Europe. Piano acknowledged that his inspiration for the interior plan was the vineyard style seating, placed around the orchestra, of

560-753: A Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement at the 10th Mostra di Architettura di Venezia . In 2006, the Richard Rogers Partnership was awarded the Stirling Prize for Terminal 4 of Barajas Airport , and again in 2009 for Maggie's Centre in London. Rogers won the Gold Medal for Architecture at the National Eisteddfod of Wales of 2006 for his work on the Senedd building of the Senedd (Welsh Parliament) . He

672-575: A Wimbledon house for his parents. This was based on ideas from his conceptual Zip-Up House . Rogers subsequently joined forces with Italian architect Renzo Piano , a partnership that was to prove fruitful. His career leapt forward when he, Piano and Gianfranco Franchini won the design competition for the Pompidou Centre in July 1971, alongside a team from Ove Arup that included Irish engineer Peter Rice . After working with Piano, Rogers established

784-566: A baked earth color. Other architects engaged in the enormous project included Rafael Moneo , Arata Isozaki , and his former partner, Richard Rogers . The centerpiece of Piano's part of the project was the Debis building, composed of four different buildings of different sizes but in the same style. Distinctive elements include an atrium 28 metres (92 ft) high, and a 21-story tower whose east, south and west facades are covered with double walls of glass separated by 28 cm (11 in), which reduced

896-527: A bottled up attack on our low standards of design and the beetle-browed politics that have allowed so many poor tall buildings to have been rushed up around St Paul's. The Shard, whatever its flaws – and all its many floors – is a much better building than most of the flakes below it." The Central Saint Giles between St Giles High Street and New Oxford Street in London (2002–2010) is a complex composed of 56 luxury apartments, 53 social rented apartments, and 37,000 m (400,000 sq ft) of office around

1008-581: A certain form of conviviality." The new Potsdamer Platz was designed to capture the Berliner's "sense of gaiety, their sense of humor....Why should a city be demoralizing? The beautiful thing about a city is that it is a place of meetings and surprises." Aurora Place in Sydney, Australia (1996–2009) is composed of two towers, an eighteen-story residential building next to a forty-one story office building with different facades but similar metal and glass sunscreens on

1120-516: A challenge to academism, but also a parody of the imagery of technology of our time. To consider it as a high-tech object is a mistake." In 1977 Piano ended his collaboration with Rogers and began a new collaboration with engineer Peter Rice , who had assisted in the design of the Pompidou Center. They established their offices in Genoa. One of their first projects was a plan for the rehabilitation of

1232-502: A combination of traditional and modern material; local wood, along with glass and aluminum. The complex is located on a narrow peninsula in a lagoon with prevailing winds. Piano designed a series of curved wooden screens, from 9 to 28 metres (30 to 92 ft) high, to protect the exposition structures, then three "villages" of structures; one for welcome and exhibitions space; one for an auditorium and media center; and one for service functions. The curving wooden pavilions, inspired in form by

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1344-404: A dash of color to the facade. The Auditorium Niccolò Paganini is a concert hall constructed inside a former sugar mill in the historic center of the city of Parma, Italy . The theater has 780 seats placed on a slope for maximum visibility of the stage. Piano retained the original exterior walls of the main building, but removed the transversal interior walls and replaced them with glass walls, so

1456-553: A facade composed of 13,000 pieces of glass each exactly 45 by 45 centimetres (18 by 18 in). The panels of glass were made in Florence, Italy, and placed in supports made in Switzerland, for assembly in Japan. Each piece of the facade is designed to be able to move four millimetres ( 3 ⁄ 16  in) to resist earthquakes. When illuminated a night, the building is intended to resemble

1568-466: A five-metre (16 ft) cube as a small exhibit space, an underground auditorium with 199 seats, and a glass-walled atrium which united all the parts, old and new. The architecture critic of the New York Times , Nicolai Ouroussoff, wrote, "the result is a space with the weight of history and the lightness of clouds...a sublime expression of the architect's preoccupation with light." Piano's design for

1680-410: A glass ceiling that filters the light define five long galleries, while outside a sunken sculpture garden is placed four to five metres (13 to 16 ft) below the street level, away sheltered from noise giving the appearance of an overgrown archeological excavation. The Zentrum Paul Klee near Bern , Switzerland (1999–2005), continued his series of art museums each very different from the others. It

1792-467: A gleaming white. A glass bridge with two levels connects the main pavilion with the original part of the museum. The careful management of external light is a particular feature of Piano's buildings; the High Museum Extension rows of curving fan-shaped panels on the facade and on the interior ceiling with filter the sunlight. From the parvis on the outside, the white facade gives the impression that

1904-458: A hotel, along with offices, shops, restaurants, and cultural centers. It has a wide base and a split pinnacle point which seems to disappear into the clouds, like, as Piano described it, "a bell tower of the 16th century, or the mast of great ship...Often buildings of great height are aggressive and arrogant symbols of power and egoism," but the Shard is designed "to express its sharp and light presence in

2016-549: A library, an aquarium and an auditorium, a botanical garden in glass dome and a giant multi-armed crane, modeled after the old cranes of the port, which hoists visitors high in the air for a view of the port. In addition, he designed the new headquarters of his firm, the Renzo Piano Building Workshop (1989–1991), on a series of stepped terraces hanging over the Mediterranean to the west of the city. The building

2128-653: A masterplan for the East River Waterfront and a commission for a $ 1.7 billion expansion of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Centre in Manhattan. Rogers, however, publicly dissociated himself from the group within weeks, following an outcry from generally pro-Israeli New York voters and politicians, which threatened him with the loss of prestigious commissions including projects in New York and abroad. He announced his withdrawal with

2240-602: A minimalist 620-foot (190 m) steel bridge connecting the sculpture terrace of the museum to Millennium Park. Nikolai Ouroussof, critic of the New York Times , noted that some aspects of the building recalled the work of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , who had made much of his career in Chicago. "The taut forms and refined details, the elevation of an industrial aesthetic to an art form all are hallmarks of Mies's work." But he noted particularly Piano's masterful control of light within

2352-608: A museum of Natural History, located in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco. Piano's plan called for "a group of volumes under a single roof, a little like a village." The roof itself, 1.5 hectares in area, was covered with vegetation, and blends with the surrounding park. The facade of the building also harmonizes smoothly with the nearby turn-of-the-century greenhouse that is a landmark of the Park. Three cupolas resemble shallow hills across

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2464-601: A new building, the Broad Contemporary Art Museum at LACMA (BCAM) (2008), with 5,574 m (60,000 sq ft) of space, as well as the BP Grand Entrance, an entrance pavilion with 750 m (8,100 sq ft) of space, and the Lynda and Stewart Resnick Exhibition Pavilion (2010). The BCAM facade is concrete covered with plaques of cream-colored Italian travertine, harmonizing with the older buildings of

2576-517: A new wing of the beaux-arts building Art Institute of Chicago . With its construction of glass, steel and white stone, the new wing is carefully harmonized with the old structure, and, like his other art museums, makes maximum use of natural light. A horizontal sunscreen on the roof, nicknamed the "flying carpet", is a graceful update of his rooftop art museum on the Lingotto factory in Turin. He also designed

2688-424: A public square with retail and food outlets, covering 7,000 m (75,000 sq ft). The site was previously occupied by a Ministry of Defence building and is partially on the site of a medieval leper colony , St Giles Hospital. A block 109 flats rises 11 floors and is set alongside offices rising to 11 floors to the east. A distinctive element is strident solid color which is designed not to mellow with time;

2800-436: A reputation for what was later termed by the media high-tech architecture . By 1967, Team 4 had split up, but Rogers continued to collaborate with Su Rogers , along with John Young and Laurie Abbott. In early 1968 he was commissioned to design a house and studio for Humphrey Spender near Maldon, Essex , a glass cube framed with I-beams. He continued to develop his ideas of prefabrication and structural simplicity to design

2912-507: A wooden frame, and could be transported in a truck. It was designed to integrate the scenery outside into displays in the interior. He designed two major reconstruction projects in northern Italy; the reanimation of the old port of his native city, Genoa , and the conversion and modernization of the gigantic and historic Fiat factory in Turin , Italy. For the Fiat Lingotto factory, he preserved

3024-487: A younger brother, Peter William Rogers, a property developer and co-founder of Stanhope. In 2015, he was named one of the "50 best-dressed British men" by GQ magazine. He died in London on 18 December 2021, at the age of 88. Rogers was knighted in 1991 by Queen Elizabeth II . He was created Baron Rogers of Riverside , of Chelsea in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea on 17 October 1996. He sat as

3136-528: Is a historic triangle in the heart of Berlin Germany, which had been largely destroyed during World War II, and then divided by the Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin. When a major reconstruction was commenced in 1990, Piano was selected to design the new buildings on five of the fifteen sites of the project, with the requirement that the buildings have roofs of copper, and facades of clear glass and materials of

3248-631: Is accessed by an eight-passenger funicular railway car which shuttles up and down the hillside. "The Whale" Bercy 2 is a shopping mall with 70 stores and 36,000 m2 located in Paris Charenton , along the bankside of the river Seine and the "Périphérique" ring road. Inaugurated on 24 April 1990, the building is only the third work by the architect after the Centre Pompidou. The cyclopean wooden structure, covered with 27,000 satin stainless steel tiles and pierced with oculus to let an overhead light pass,

3360-548: Is completely innovative. Its curvature which follows the turn of a ramp on the ring road evokes a large airship, hence the nicknames "The Zeppelin" or "The Whale". In the mid-1980s Sitmar Cruises began a rigorous building schedule for the North American market. At the time one ship the Sitmar Fairmajesty was ordered for French shipyard Chantiers de l'Atlantique. The Italian government through Fincantieri would desire for

3472-455: Is much more modern, scientifically speaking, than the Beaubourg." The Menil Collection building, with its simple gray and white cubic forms, is the stylistic opposite of the Pompidou Center. The technological innovations were not expressed on the facade, but in the high-tech but discreet systems of shutters and screens and air conditioning which allowed maximum illumination while protecting against

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3584-622: The 2004 Summer Olympics , it combines the Greek National Library and a new opera house for the Greek National Opera along with the Stavros Niarchos Park, an urban park covering an area of 210,000 m (2,300,000 sq ft). An artificial hill was created to raise the building and give it a view of the nearby sea. The opera house has a 1400-seat main theater and a smaller "black box" theater of 400 seats. On top of

3696-950: The Architectural Association School of Architecture in London, where he gained the Architectural Association's Diploma (AA Dipl) from 1954 until 1959, subsequently graduating with a master's degree (M Arch) from the Yale School of Architecture in 1962 on a Fulbright Scholarship . While studying at Yale, Rogers met fellow architecture student Norman Foster and planning student Su Brumwell . After leaving Yale he joined Skidmore, Owings & Merrill in New York City. On returning to England in 1963, he, Norman Foster and Brumwell set up architectural practice as Team 4 with Wendy Cheesman (Brumwell later married Rogers, Cheesman married Foster). Rogers and Foster earned

3808-473: The Berlin Philharmonic by Hans Sharon. The three brick concert halls covered with what New York Times critic Sam Lubell described as "weathered armadillo-like steel shells," which looked forbidding in photographs but in person were "lovely"; and noted that the theaters "inside are heavy with wood, fabrics, and typical Piano elegance." He called the whole complex "deceptively simple but smart.". In

3920-461: The Dallas Morning News , wrote: "With its almost impossibly smooth walls and squared columns of titanium-treated concrete, Piano's front facade evinces a clinical, stoic perfectionism.... Altogether, the assembly is a minor miracle of construction. Most impressive are the beams: 100-foot-long bars of laminated Douglas fir, trucked from Canada. But for all its technical mastery, it offers none of

4032-939: The Lloyd's building and Millennium Dome , both in London, the Senedd building , in Cardiff , and the European Court of Human Rights building , in Strasbourg. He was awarded the RIBA Gold Medal , the Thomas Jefferson Medal , the RIBA Stirling Prize , the Minerva Medal , and the 2007 Pritzker Prize . Richard Rogers was born in Florence , Tuscany, in 1933 into an Anglo-Italian family. His father, William Nino Rogers (1906–1993),

4144-655: The Modern Wing on May 16, 2009. On June 11, 2009, the Structural Engineers Association of Illinois (SEAOI) named the winners of its 2009 excellence in engineering awards. Arup and Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. , received an Award of Merit for their design work for the Nichols Bridgeway. In the 2012 romantic comedy , The Vow , the characters run from the Art Institute of Chicago across

4256-487: The New York Times , called it "an outdoor perch to see and be seen... There's a generosity to the architecture, a sense of art connecting with the city and vice versa". Beginning in 2008, Piano rebuilt an existing structure to house the Harvard Art Museums , a consolidation of collections of the three art museums associated with Harvard University . The new museum preserved the picturesque brick Ivy-League facade of

4368-490: The New York Times Building was chosen after competition whose entrants included projects by Norman Foster , Frank Gehry and Cesar Pelli . The competition rules asked for a building that be as open and transparent as possible, to symbolize the connection between the newspaper and the city. The first six floors are occupied by an atrium with restaurants, shops and a conference center. The distinctive Piano feature of

4480-663: The Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1998. Piano has been a Senator for Life in the Italian Senate since 2013. Piano was born and raised in Genoa , Italy, into a family of builders. His grandfather had created a masonry enterprise, which had been expanded by his father, Carlo Piano, and his father's three brothers, into the firm Fratelli Piano. The firm prospered after World War II, constructing houses and factories and selling construction materials. When his father retired,

4592-625: The Pritzker Prize , often considered the Nobel Prize of architecture. The jury citation compared Piano to Michelangelo and da Vinci and credited him with "redefining modern and postmodern architecture." In 2006, Piano was selected by TIME as one of the 100 most influential people in the world . He was chosen as the tenth most influential person in the "Arts and Entertainment" category. On 18 March 2008, he became an honorary citizen of Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina. In August 2013, he

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4704-477: The Richard Rogers Partnership along with Marco Goldschmied , Mike Davies , and John Young in 1977. This became Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners in 2007. The firm maintains offices in London, Shanghai, and Sydney. Rogers devoted much of his later career to wider issues surrounding architecture, urbanism, sustainability, and the ways in which cities are used. One early illustration of his thinking

4816-567: The "machine" was meant to turn back into a public square and gathering place. The Parliament House (2011–2015) is a mixture of modern technique and technology with the massive stone look of the city's old walls. The Centro Botín in Santander, Spain is a private sponsored project by the Fundación Botín whose aim is to be a hub for the promotion of culture both as a museum and as study centre. It consists on two buildings standing on columns over

4928-515: The 1925 Fogg Museum (1925), but added a new space in the courtyard, covered by a pyramidal glass roof, which increased the gallery space by 40 percent. The renovation adds six levels of galleries, classrooms, lecture halls, and new study areas providing access to parts of the 250,000-piece collection of the museums. The new building was opened in November 2014. The 'City Gate' project in Valletta , Malta

5040-818: The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover – to celebrate the British cultural figures of the last six decades. Rogers was awarded honorary degrees from several universities, including Alfonso X El Sabio University in Madrid, Oxford Brookes University , the University of Kent , the Czech Technical University in Prague and the Open University . In 1994, he was awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Science) by

5152-790: The Bridgeway to Millennium Park , where they kiss under Cloud Gate . Renzo Piano Renzo Piano OMRI ( Italian: [ˈrɛntso ˈpjaːno] ; born 14 September 1937) is an Italian architect. His notable buildings include the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris (with Richard Rogers , 1977), The Shard in London (2012), the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City (2015), İstanbul Modern in Istanbul (2022) and Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center in Athens (2016). He won

5264-409: The City cluster and pays no heed to its surrounding context in scale, materials or ground presence. It seems to have lost its way from Dubai to Canary Wharf... The Shard has slashed the face of London for ever." However, Jonathan Glancy in the London Telegraph defended Piano's building: "The criticism – hurled against Piano like the spears of Ancient Britons fighting the civilised Romans – is, I think,

5376-468: The Fiat head Giovanni Agnelli in an elegant glass and steel box perched on the roof, as if it were about to take off; it was nicknamed the "Flying bank vault". Piano also carried out a large program for revitalization of the old port of Genoa to transform it from a rundown industrial area into a cultural center and tourist attraction. He prolonged streets to give access to the port, transformed old port buildings into cultural and commercial buildings, added

5488-442: The Italian rationalist style. The "theater machine" is particularly unusual; the original idea was that in summertime a steel portable theater with stage and wings and a thousand seats can be installed inside the ruins of the 19th century opera house, which had been destroyed in World War II . It has its own stage equipment and technology for reproducing the acoustics of a traditional opera house. When performances are not taking place,

5600-408: The Kahn building through its height, its scale and its general plan, but our building has a character that is more transparent and more open. Light, discreet (half of the surfaces are underground), it nonetheless has its own character and creates a dialogue between the old and the new." However, the museum also attracted critics, who said it was not ambitious enough. Mark Lamster, architecture critic of

5712-416: The Polytechnic University from 1965 until 1968, and expanded his horizons and technical skills by working in two large international firms, for the modernist architect Louis Kahn in Philadelphia and for the Polish engineer Zygmunt Stanisław Makowski in London. He completed his first building, the IPE factory in Genoa, in 1968, with a roof of steel and reinforced polyester, and created a continuous membrane for

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5824-444: The Sydney Opera House on the harbor. The exterior glass curtain-wall extends beyond the main frame, creating an illusion that the wall is independent of the building. of its Glass shutters on the exterior can be opened for ventilation, and Piano designed an exterior skin combining glass and ceramics to regulate the intensity of the sunlight. The office building has interior winter gardens on each floor, and earth-colored ceramic tiles give

5936-447: The alabaster white walls within. The materials used in the new museum included light-colored concrete, to harmonize with the Kahn building, combined with beams and ceilings of Douglas fir, and floors of white oak and an abundance of double-paned and fritted glass. The museum also includes modern ecological features including a vegetal roof, photovoltaic cells on the roof, geothermal wells, and LED lighting. Piano wrote: "Our building echoes

6048-506: The architecture of the neighborhood. In addition to its interior galleries, it has 1,207 m (12,990 sq ft) of open-air exhibit space on a large terrace atop one section of the building. It was built of steel, concrete, and stone, but also with pine wood and other materials recycled from demolished factories. Jule Iovine, architecture critic of the Wall Street Journal , called it "a welcoming, creative machine" thanks to its "open, changeable spaces," and Michael Kimmelman, critic of

6160-400: The architecture world upside down". More literally it turned architecture inside-out, since in the new museum, the apparent structural frame of the building and the heating and air conditioning ducts were on the exterior, painted in bright colors. The escalator, in a transparent tube, crossed the facade of the building at a diagonal. The building was an astonishing success, entirely transforming

6272-422: The beginning of his career, completed in 1972. The building faces the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, designed by Tadao Ando (2002). The new gallery occupies 7,595 m (81,750 sq ft), compared with 11,148 m (120,000 sq ft) for the Kahn building, and cost 135 million dollars. Piano created a dramatic new entrance for the museum, with huge windows showing the bright red furniture against

6384-406: The book Cities for a Small Planet (Faber and Faber: London 1997, ISBN   0-571-17993-2 ). The BBC made these lectures available to the public for download in July 2011. In 1998, he set up the Urban Task Force at the invitation of the British government, to help identify causes of urban decline and establish a vision of safety, vitality, and beauty for Britain's cities. This work resulted in

6496-403: The building as sublime and striking due to the conjunction of light, views and design that the buildings propose. The Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center (SNFCC) in Athens, Greece is one of Piano's most dramatic projects. Located next to Falirio Bay at Kalithea , an ancient Greek port, four kilometres (2.5 mi) south of central Athens, on a site which served as a parking lot for

6608-439: The building has no weight at all. The extension of the Morgan Library in New York City is next to the original library, a monument of Beaux-Arts architecture designed by McKim, Meade and White (1903), which had been expanded several times. Piano extensively renovated the existing structures and a built a new building the same height as the historic building, with a simple rectangular facade that complemented it. He also added

6720-406: The building: "...it is the light that most people will notice.... The glass roof of the top-floor galleries is supported on delicate steel trusses. Rows of white blades rest on top of the trusses to filter out strong southern light; thin fabric panels soften the view from below... On a clear afternoon you can catch faint glimpses through the structural frame of clouds drifting by overhead. But most of

6832-437: The buildings are covered with large kiln-fired ceramic panels glazed leaf green, orange, lime green, pale grey and yellow. "Cities should not be dull and repetitive", Piano declared. "One of the reason we find them so beautiful and interesting is that they are full of surprises; even the idea of color represents a joyful surprise." Commissioned to design a "transformation" of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art , Piano designed

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6944-426: The canal the two museum buildings. The construction materials include steel, glass and wooden beams, while the facades that are not made of glass are covered with finely-crafted weathered panels, in the tradition of Scandinavian architecture. The extension of the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas (2007–2013) is an addition to the museum designed by Louis Kahn the modernist architect for whom Piano worked at

7056-412: The character of a run-down commercial section near the Marais in Paris, and made Piano one of the best-known architects in the world. The media dubbed the style of the building as "high-tech", but this was later disputed by Piano. "Beaubourg," he said, "was a joyous urban machine, a creature which might have come out of a Jules Verne novel, a sort of bizarre boat in dry dock... It is a double provocation;

7168-445: The conduits for heating and water on the exterior painted in bright colors (blue, red and yellow). These unusual features attracted considerable attention in the architectural world, and influenced the choice of the jurors who selected Piano and Rogers to design the Pompidou Center. In 1971 the thirty-four-year old Piano and Richard Rogers , thirty-eight, in collaboration with the Italian architect Gianfranco Franchini , competed with

7280-456: The covering of a pavilion at the Milan Triennale in the same year. In 1970, he received his first international commission, for the Pavilion of Italian Industry for Expo 70 in Osaka , Japan. He collaborated with his brother Ermanno and the family firm, which manufactured the structure. It was lightweight and original composed of steel and reinforced polyester, and it appeared to be simultaneously artistic and industrial. The 1970 Osaka structure

7392-407: The east and west, glass walls on the north and south, and a roof with vertical glass shutters that open to the sky. Describing this project, Piano wrote: "It's not enough that the light is perfect. You also have a need for calm, serenity, and even a quality of voluptuousness connected with the contemplation of a work of art." Nicolai Ouroussoff, the architecture critic of The New York Times , admired

7504-486: The elemental majesty of Kahn's building across the lawn. It is deferential to a fault." The Whitney Museum of American Art decided to move from its original building on Madison Avenue, constructed by Marcel Breuer in 1966, to a new location at the corner of Gansevoort and Washington in Manhattan, a neighborhood once occupied by meat packing houses, next to the High Line , a riverside highway and park. The museum, with nine levels, has an asymmetric industrial look to match

7616-400: The enormous main structure, including its famous oval test track for automobiles on the roof, but added new structures, including a concert hall beneath the building, a heliport, and a glass domed conference center on the roof. He continued his modifications and additions over two decades; without destroying the historic core of the building. The most recent was a museum for the art collection of

7728-439: The enterprise was led by Renzo's older brother, Ermanno, who studied engineering at the University of Genoa . Renzo studied architecture at the University of Florence and Polytechnic University of Milan . He graduated in 1964 with a dissertation about modular coordination ( coordinazione modulare ) supervised by Giuseppe Ciribini and began working with experimental lightweight structures and basic shelters. Piano taught at

7840-462: The entire interior is visible from the outside, and those inside can see the park outside the theater. The Maison Hermès in the Ginza commercial district of Tokyo is the flagship store in Japan of the French luxury brand. The building is ten stories high, with three floors underground, and includes space for expositions and for a small museum on the history of the firm. The building is highly geometrical; precisely 44.55 metres (146.2 ft) high, with

7952-425: The firm. Residents complained of water seepage through cladding panels and windows on the prefabricated terraced housing. In February 2006, Rogers hosted the inaugural meeting of the campaigning organisation Architects and Planners for Justice in Palestine (APJP) in his London offices. At that time his practice had secured a number of projects in New York, including the redevelopment of the Silvercup Studios site,

8064-503: The first decade of the 21st century, a wave of new art museums or museum wings were built to house the collections of wealthy art patrons. Piano, who had been building art museums since 1977, was one of the most active and creative designers of these new buildings; though the requirements and the collections were often similar, he usually succeeded in giving each museum a distinct look and personality. The Nasher Sculpture Center in Dallas, Texas,

8176-523: The form of the Guggenheim Museum in New York City of Frank Lloyd Wright , opened in 1983. Piano's project added four new structures; a pavilion for exhibitions, a gallery for special collections, a building for offices, and a residence hall for the Atlanta College Of Art, creating 16,000 m (170,000 sq ft) of additional space. Both the new building and the original building are

8288-459: The formation of ice and meets ADA standards for universal accessibility. The bridge is named after museum donors Alexandra and John Nichols. The bridge design was inspired by the hull of a boat. The Nichols Bridgeway was added to the master plan of the Modern Wing of the Art Institute of Chicago in 2005. Construction on the bridge began on September 20, 2007. Construction was completed on April 8, 2009. The bridge officially opened, along with

8400-427: The intense Texas heat and sunlight. In the mid-1980s Piano and his firm took on a wide variety of projects, using the most advanced technology available, but, in contrast to the Pompidou Center, as discreetly as possible. His portable pavilion for IBM (1983–1986) was an example; designed with Peter Rice , of a lightweight portable tunnel for expositions. It composed of a series of pyramids of polycarbonate supported by

8512-661: The interior of the BCAM but was less impressed by the exteriors: "There is little of the formal freedom that is at the heart of the city's architectural legacy; nor is there much evidence of the structural refinement that we have come to expect in Mr. Piano's best work. The museum's monumental travertine form and lipstick-red exterior stairways are a curious mix of pomposity and pop-culture references. It's an architecture without conviction." The Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art in Oslo, Norway (2006–2012)

8624-519: The local architecture, have a double wooden skin to protect against the weather, but also let in the sunlight. While it is devoted to the local culture, some of the buildings, particularly the towering reception center, with curving walls and wooden spires, are strikingly post-modern in form. His other projects begun in the 1990s included the New Metropolis Museum in Amsterdam, which later became

8736-531: The major architectural firms in the United States and Europe, and were awarded the commission for the most prestigious project in Paris, the new French national museum of 20th century art to be located in Beaubourg . The award came a surprise, to the architectural world, since the two were little-known, and had no experience with museums or other major structures. The New York Times declared that their design "turned

8848-399: The museum complex, but added distinctive Piano touches; finlike white sun shutters on the roof softening the sunlight, a red escalator on the outside of the main facade, and a stairway suspended by red cables on the other facade, reminiscent of the Centre Pompidou. The Resnik Pavilion, to the north of the BCAM, has 4,180 m (45,000 sq ft) of space, with travertine covered walls to

8960-596: The museum from the neighboring road constructed of porphyry stone from Patagonia . also used in different parts of the Museum. The Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre in Nouméa, New Caledonia (1991–1998), is among the most unusual of Piano's works. A joint project between New Caledonia and the French government, it is designed to display the culture of the Kanak people. The project uses

9072-420: The museum with another area under development nearby, while the museum and walkway offer views of the fjord and center of Oslo. A sculpture park with works of Anish Kapoor , Louise Bourgeois and other notable sculptors is placed between the museum and the water. The museum building on one side of the canal holds permanent exhibits, while the building on the other side is used for temporary exhibits. A bridge over

9184-603: The need for air conditioning and heating. The complex also included an IMAX movie theater, restaurant and shops. The 36-metre (118 ft) dome of the IMAX theater was visible from a distance and also from the street, through the clear glass of the facade. Piano wrote in The Disobedience of the Architect (2004) that he tried to match his architecture to the personality of a city. "The Berliners are accustomed to living outdoors, and to

9296-556: The next Sitmar ships to be built in Italy. Piano was commissioned to design the ships. Piano designed the exterior of the ships to resemble a dolphin. The Crown Princess was delivered to Princess Cruises in 1990 and the Regal Princess followed a year later in 1991. In 1988 Piano and Rice won an international competition for a new airport to be constructed on an artificial island in the port of Osaka , Japan. The main terminal he designed

9408-541: The old port of Otranto from an industrial site into a commercial and tourist attraction (1977). Their first major building was the Menil Collection , an art museum for the art collector Dominique de Menil . The chief requirements of the owner for this building was to make the maximum use of natural light in the interiors. Piano wrote, "Paradoxically, the Menil Collection, with its serenity, its calm, its discretion,

9520-456: The opera house a square horizontal glass box is placed, called Pharos (Lighthouse), similar to the perch of the art museum atop the Lingotto factory in Turin . The entire structure is covered by a single flat roof, which provides shade, and which is covered with 10,000 m (110,000 sq ft) of photovoltaic cells, generating 1.5 megawatts of electricity, designed to the building self-sufficient in energy during working hours. The cost of

9632-564: The project was 588 million dollars. The Krause Gateway Center in downtown Des Moines, Iowa adjacent to Western Gateway Park is the headquarters for the Krause Group, parent company of Kum & Go . The architecture features long overhangs and giant glass panels. Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles is a conversion of the former May Company Department Store (1939), an Art Deco landmark opened in 2021. In 1998, Piano won

9744-538: The roof, pierced by round portholes to admit natural light; they contain the entry hall, a botanical garden, and a planetarium. Piano's design for the new building was described by the New York Times as a "comforting reminder of the civilizing function of great art in a barbaric age". In 2000 the City of Chicago launched a major program of cultural buildings in Millennium Park with a new concert hall by Frank Gehry and

9856-401: The roofs. The lower tower was an early example of the luxury high-rise residential buildings by star architects in the center large cities which became very popular in the early 21st century. The office tower has a discreetly peculiar form; the east façade bulges out slightly from its base, reaching its maximum width at the top floors. The curved and twisted shape of east the façade echoes that of

9968-492: The science museum and technology NEMO (1992–1997), placed on the edge of the harbor, and resembling the hull of an enormous ship; the Parco della Musica , a complex of music performance halls in Rome (1994–2002), Each was entirely different from the others, and in this period it was difficult to discern a specific element that or style defined his architecture, other than careful craftsmanship and attention to detail. Potsdamer Platz

10080-524: The sea line at the Bay of Santander. The western building hosts the exhibition space of 5,000 m (54,000 sq ft) and the eastern is the one dedicated to study which hosts an auditorium, study rooms and other installations. Both are connected by a suspended square and set of stairs and platforms named "pachinko". This was Piano's first project in Spain and had some controversy over its location. Critics describe

10192-476: The service pipes outside the walls in fact led to such costs caused by weathering and maintenance that Lloyds considered vacating the building in 2014. Lloyds's former chief executive Richard Ward stated: "There is a fundamental problem with this building. Everything is exposed to the elements, and that makes it very costly." In 2014 Rogers faced a £5m legal claim over problems at the Oxley Woods estate designed by

10304-529: The sole gift of the Italian President, Renzo Piano set up a team of young architects called G124 whose mission is to work on the transformation of Italy's major cities' suburbs. Team members are paid with Renzo Piano senator's salary and change every year through a public selection. Projects have been developed in Turin, Milan, Padua, Venice and Rome. Richard Rogers Richard George Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside (23 July 1933 – 18 December 2021)

10416-468: The statement, "I unequivocally renounce Architects and Planners for Justice in Palestine and have withdrawn my relationship with them." Rogers was married to Ruth Rogers , chef and owner of The River Café restaurant in west London. They had two sons together, Roo and Bo (deceased 2011). Rogers also had three sons, Ben, Zad and Ab, from his first marriage to Su Brumwell. He had fourteen grandchildren and

10528-627: The sunlight, and is supported by arches 83 metres (272 ft) long, which give a feeling of openness. The Fondation Beyeler is a private art museum in Riehen , near Basel , Switzerland, built for the art collection of Ernst Beyeler. Although it opened in the same year as the Guggenheim Bilbao of Frank Gehry , in spirit it was exactly the opposite. It was designed, at the request of the founder, to inspire tranquility, with white walls, light-colored wooden floors, and natural light. The wall separating

10640-427: The time the art takes center stage, everything else fading quietly into the background It is this obsessive refinement that raises Mr. Piano's best architecture to the level of art." The Shard , built over the underground station of London Bridge , is sixty-six stories and 305 metres (1,000 ft) high, which made it, when completed in 2012, the tallest skyscraper in Europe. Inside, it contains luxury residences and

10752-591: The tower is the clear glass curtain wall outside the facade, and rising higher than the facade itself. The curtain is composed of clear glass and a frame of ceramic tubes suspended 61 cm (24 in) from the facade; it serves as a sunscreen, eliminating the need for tinted or sintered glass. In 1989, after their old museum buildings were damaged by an earthquake, the trustees of the California Academy of Sciences decided to rebuild their entire complex of twelve buildings, including an aquarium, planetarium, and

10864-602: The urban panorama of London." Like his other tall buildings, the glass sunscreen on the exterior extends slightly above the building itself, appearing to split apart at the top. The critical reaction to the tower was predictably mixed. Simon Jenkins of the Guardian of London saw it as a foreign attack on the traditional London skyline and monuments: "This tower is anarchy. It conforms to no planning policy. It marks no architectural focus or rond-point. It offers no civic forum or function, just luxury flats and hotels. It stands apart from

10976-521: Was "stupid because he could not read or memorise his school work" and as a consequence, he said, he became "very depressed". He could not read until he was 11, and it was not until after he had his first child that Rogers realised he was dyslexic. After leaving St Johns School, he undertook a foundation course at Epsom School of Art (now the University for the Creative Arts ) before going into National Service between 1951 and 1953. He then attended

11088-533: Was Jewish, and was the cousin of Italian Jewish architect Ernesto Nathan Rogers . His Jewish ancestors moved from Sunderland to Venice in about 1800, later settling in Trieste , Milan and Florence . In October 1938, William Nino Rogers came back to England, having fled Fascist Italy and anti-Jewish laws under Mussolini . Upon moving to England, Richard Rogers went to St John's School, Leatherhead . Rogers did not excel academically, which made him believe that he

11200-413: Was a British-Italian architect noted for his modernist and constructivist designs in high-tech architecture . He was the founder at Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners , previously known as the Richard Rogers Partnership , until June 2020. After Rogers' retirement and death, the firm rebranded to simply RSHP on 30 June 2022. Rogers was perhaps best known for his work on the Pompidou Centre in Paris,

11312-649: Was also appointed an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2005. In 2007 Rogers was made Laureate of the Pritzker Architecture Prize – architecture's highest honour. He was awarded the Minerva Medal by the Chartered Society of Designers in the same year. In 2012, Rogers was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork –

11424-553: Was an exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1986, entitled " London As It Could Be ", which also featured the work of James Stirling and Rogers's former partner Norman Foster. This exhibition made public a series of proposals for transforming a large area of central London , subsequently dismissed as impractical by the city's authorities. In 1995, he became the first architect to deliver the BBC 's annual Reith Lectures . This series of five talks, titled Sustainable City, were later adapted into

11536-670: Was appointed Senator for Life in the Senate by Italian president Giorgio Napolitano . Piano founded the Renzo Piano Building Workshop (RPBW) in 1981. In 2017 it had 150 collaborators in offices in Paris, Genoa, and New York. In 2004, he became head of the Renzo Piano Foundation, dedicated to the promotion of the architectural profession. Since June 2008, the headquarters has been co-located with his architectural office at Punta Nave, near Genoa. After his nomination as Senator for Life in 2013, an honour limited to five office holders in

11648-646: Was asked to continue on in his role as an advisor by the then new mayor Boris Johnson . He stood down from the post in October 2009. Rogers also served as an advisor to two mayors of Barcelona on urban strategies. Amidst this extra-curricular activity, Rogers continued to create controversial and iconic works. Perhaps the most famous of these, the Millennium Dome , was designed by the Rogers practice in conjunction with engineering firm Buro Happold and completed in 1999. It

11760-452: Was be removed from the practice by 2022 as was required by the founding constitution, however the practice was renamed RSHP in June 2022, retaining Rogers' initial. Like Frank Lloyd Wright 's and Le Corbusier 's, some of Rogers's buildings have not proved as well designed as claimed, suffering from leaks and maintenance problems. The Lloyds Buildings's much-vaunted design innovation of routing

11872-635: Was designed in large part to protect the fragile drawings of Paul Klee from sunlight. It housed in a series galleries resembling rolling hills in the Swiss countryside. Piano explained that the shape of the galleries was inspired by naval architecture and the hulls of ships, which were adapted to the form of waves as his building was adapted to the landscape. The original building of the High Museum of Art in Atlanta , Georgia, designed by Richard Meier , and inspired by

11984-448: Was designed to revive an old port and industrial area southwest of the center of Oslo with an art museum and offices, and to provide a destination and attraction on the edge of the picturesque fjord. The project has three buildings, two museum buildings and an office building, under a single glass roof, which covers 6,000 m (65,000 sq ft). The construction materials include both steel and wood beams. A canal and walkway connect

12096-476: Was extremely long (1.7 kilometres [1.1 mi]), with a very low profile, so that the controllers in the control tower could always see the aircraft on the runways. The frequent earthquakes in the Japanese islands required special building techniques; the structure is mounted on hydraulic joints which adjust to movements of the earth. The long, curving roof is covered with 82,000 panels of stainless steel, which reflect

12208-477: Was funded with 60 million dollars by Raymond Nasher, who had made a fortune in developing shopping centers, to display his collection of modern sculpture, which includes works by Auguste Rodin , Joan Miró , Henri Matisse and Alberto Giacometti . The building is very simple in form, like his early Menil Collection in Houston, Texas, and does not distract from the sculptures within; six walls of travertine marble with

12320-453: Was greatly admired by the British architect Richard Rogers , and in 1971 the two men decided to open their own firm, Piano and Rogers, where they worked together from 1971 to 1977. The first project of the firm was the administrative building of B&B Italia , an Italian furniture company, in Novedrate, Como, Italy . This design featured suspended container and an open bearing structure, with

12432-449: Was the complete reorganization of the principal entrance to the Maltese capital of Valletta. It included a massive City Gate through the 16th-century city walls , an open-air theatre 'machine' within the ruins of the former Royal Opera House , and the construction of a new Parliament building. The gate project was controversial, though the old gate it replaced was only built in the 1960s, in

12544-521: Was the subject of fierce political and public debate over the cost and contents of the exhibition it contained; the building itself cost £43 million. In May 2006, Rogers's practice was chosen as the architect of Tower 3 of the new World Trade Center in New York City, replacing the old World Trade Center which was destroyed in the September 11 attacks . Rogers resigned his directorship of Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners on 30 June 2020. The Rogers name

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