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15-574: Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên was the sixth son of Nguyễn Hoàng . Upon the death of his father, Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên took over the rule of the southern provinces of Vietnam. He continued his father's policy of refusing to submit to the authority of the court in Hanoi, dominated at this time by his cousin, Trịnh Tùng . Unlike his father he did not take the title Vương (王) but instead called himself Nhơn quốc công (仁國公; roughly Duke of Nhơn ). Starting as early as 1615, Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên allowed Portuguese merchants to set up

30-497: A trading post at Faifo (modern-day Hội An ). The Nguyễn began to purchase advanced European cannons from the Portuguese and learned something of European ship design. This would help them enormously in later years. As time passed, Faifo became a major trade port for the south-west Pacific where traders in the region came to sell and acquire goods. Chinese , Japanese , Europeans, and South Asians all came to trade at Faifo. Originally

45-460: Is found in that his nephew Trịnh Tùng had been given a similar title just one year earlier: Pacifying Prince (Bình An Vương). Nguyễn Hoàng had many children (10 sons) but most of them either lost their lives in the battlefields or stayed in the North. His 6th son Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên succeeded him upon his death in 1613. He ruled the south for 55 years. The reason Trịnh Kiểm appointed Nguyễn Hoàng to

60-579: The Eastern Capital (modern-day Hanoi ), Nguyễn Hoàng lend him resources and troops. The Nguyen army joined the Royal (Trịnh) army and helped destroy the remainder of the Mạc army. For reasons that are mysterious, when the new Emperor, Lê Kinh Tông, ascended the throne, Nguyễn Hoàng refused to recognize the new sovereign and instead took for himself the new title of Good Prince (Huu Vuong) in 1600. Perhaps an explanation

75-527: The Nguyễn armies were not defeated and Phú Xuân was not taken. The Royal army withdrew north to regroup. The Nguyễn immediately began the building of a massive pair of walls to defend their lands. This pair of walls, just south of the Linh River, eventually grew to a length of 11 miles, stretching from the sea to the mountains. The walls were each 20 feet tall and equipped with many cannons of European design. In 1633,

90-525: The Southern provinces is not clear. As anecdote goes, Trinh Kiểm, being afraid of losing power to Nguyễn brothers, ordered the assassination of Nguyễn Hoàng's older brother. As for Hoang, Trịnh Kiểm wanted to take advantage of Mạc's southern garrison troops to eliminate his brother in law. Nguyễn Hoàng is considered as the founder of the Nguyen dynasty (1802–1945) and Southern Vietnam . In 2013, his 400th anniversary

105-671: The Trịnh tried to outflank the walls with an amphibious invasion but the Nguyễn fleet was able to defeat the Royal (Trịnh) fleet at the battle of Nhật Lệ. Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên died in 1635 with the war still going on. Still, the defensive measures he had put in place served the Nguyễn well. Phú Xuân was not taken by the Trịnh until 1774. Further, his defensive success in these first battles is a credit to his ability to attract talented men to his cause and make use of expert military advice, even when it came from another country. Nguy%E1%BB%85n Ho%C3%A0ng Nguyễn Hoàng (28 August 1525 – 20 July 1613)

120-464: The friendly relation with Cambodia. Around 1620, Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên's daughter ( Nguyễn Phúc Ngọc Vạn ) married the king of Cambodia , Chey Chettha II (the marriage seems to have been contracted years earlier). As a result of this marriage, the Cambodian King allowed the Nguyễn to establish a small trading and tax post at Prei Nokor what is now Saigon in 1623. Vice versa, Nguyễn clan have to supply

135-605: The land itself did not have any high value products, nevertheless later on Nguyễn lords established various sugar cane and mullberry plantations for the sole purpose of producing goods for overseas export. Traders from Japan came all the way to Vietnam because the Ming and the Manchu Emperors forbade trade with Japan. In order to obtain the highly desirable Chinese silks and ceramics, the Japanese had to come to Faifo. Local high quality silk

150-412: The mission from Nguyễn was dispatched to Oudong , with a lot of treasures and gift to strengthen the relationship between two government and confirm the alliance of Cambodia and Nguyễn. After the negotiation, Chey Chettha II allowed to let them established the trading post which were namely Kas Krobei ( Vũng Tàu ) and Prei Nokor ( Saigon ) for taxation. Nguyễn lords can bring their private army to protect

165-530: The post and their citizens as well as the public security of the city of Prei Nokor. With the death of Trịnh Tùng in 1623 and the new rule of his son, Trịnh Tráng , another formal demand was made by the Court in Hanoi for the Nguyễn to pay tribute. In 1624, Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên formally refused. Three years later, the Royal (Trịnh) army marched south and attacked the Nguyễn. The first set of battles lasted for four months but

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180-681: The weapon and troops to support Cambodian war against Ayutthaya Kingdom . This settlement was the start of a major expansion by the Vietnamese beyond the borders established by Lê Thánh Tông in 1471. According to the Italian missionary Christoforo Borri who was staying in Quy Nhơn witness the military support of Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên sent to Cambodia, according to his records (published in 1631): Lord Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên sent his military support to his son-in-law Chey Chettha II twice to against Siamese. In 1623,

195-490: Was also one of the primary trade for Japanese merchants, who often purchase whole batches months prior to their annual arrival. The local silk price also reflected any changes in Japanese market. In return, Đàng Trong experienced serious shortage of precious metals like gold and copper which the Japanese had abundance to export, therefore Nguyễn Lords imported massive quantity of Japanese coins, either to circulate or to use in their cannon foundries. Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên maintained

210-467: Was appointed to govern the southernmost province of Vietnam. This land was formerly Champa territory which had been conquered by emperor Lê Thánh Tông and at the time was under control of Mạc force. Nguyễn Hoàng defeated the enemy commander Duke Lập and took over the province in 1558. In 1573 he was given the title Grand Master (Thái phó) by Emperor Lê Thế Tông. Later he was given the title Duke of Môn (Môn Công). In 1592, when Trịnh Tùng laid siege to

225-601: Was the first of the Nguyễn lords who ruled the southern provinces of Vietnam between 1558 and 1613, from a series of cities: Ai Tu (1558–70), Tra Bat (1570–1600), and Dinh Cat (modern-day Huế ) (1600–13). He was the second son of Nguyễn Kim . When his father was assassinated by a Mạc supporter, his brother-in-law Trịnh Kiểm took command of the Lê royalist army. Sometime after his older brother (Nguyễn Uông) died (believed to have been poisoned), Nguyễn Hoàng requested his brother in law, and

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