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47-558: The foundation's name, Ngee Ann, is the old name for Chaozhou , which may also be transliterated as Teochew . The Teochew people reside in the eastern part of Guangdong province, China , a distinct racial group sharing the province with other communities such as the Cantonese and Hakka people. The Ngee Ann Kongsi was founded in 1845 by Seah Eu Chin to look after the religious and humanitarian needs of Teochew immigrants in Singapore. It

94-535: A Chaozhou opera, and fan-playing and acrobatic skills are more prominent than in other types of performances. Kung fu tea , the 'espresso' of Chinese teas with a formidable kick, which was first created in the Song dynasty , is still flourishing and remains an important part of social etiquette in Chaozhou. Visitors to local families can be sure of at least one round of Kung Fu tea. Though it tastes bitter when it first reaches

141-503: A certain extent in South Korea , remain virtually identical to traditional characters, with variations between the two forms largely stylistic. There has historically been a debate on traditional and simplified Chinese characters . Because the simplifications are fairly systematic, it is possible to convert computer-encoded characters between the two sets, with the main issue being ambiguities in simplified representations resulting from

188-596: A director Metro Holdings Ltd and Singapura Finance Ltd. Through the efforts of Dr Lien Ying Chow, who was President of the Kongsi three times in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Ngee Ann Polytechnic began in 1963 as Ngee Ann College, based at the Teochew Building. The college later moved to the Kongsi's land in Clementi, changing its name to Ngee Ann Technical College, before taking on its current name in 1982. Ngee Ann Polytechnic

235-479: A partnership with China's Longhua Hospital, whose registrars and specialists provide their services, as well as alternative treatments such as herbal remedies and acupuncture. The Kongsi also continues to research various areas of healthcare, such as meeting the needs of an aging population and exploring the field of alternative medicine. The current 39th Chairman of the TCMC is Phua Bah Lee, a former Member of Parliament and

282-468: A provincially-administered city in January 1989, and a vice-prefecture-level city in January 1990. In December 1991, Chaozhou was further upgraded to its current statue of prefecture-level city . Chaozhou and the nearby cities of Shantou and Jieyang are collectively called Chaoshan . From 1958 until 1983, this name was used for the joint political-administrative area which encompassed the three cities. For

329-850: Is 産 (also the accepted form in Japan and Korea), while in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan the accepted form is 產 (also the accepted form in Vietnamese chữ Nôm ). The PRC tends to print material intended for people in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese in traditional characters. For example, versions of the People's Daily are printed in traditional characters, and both People's Daily and Xinhua have traditional character versions of their website available, using Big5 encoding. Mainland companies selling products in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan use traditional characters in order to communicate with consumers;

376-659: Is a cultural center of the Chaoshan region. In 214 BC, Chaozhou was an undeveloped part of Nanhai Commandery ( 南海郡 ) of the Qin dynasty . In 331 during the Eastern Jin dynasty , Haiyang ( 海陽縣 ) was established as a part of Dongguan Commandery ( 東官郡 ). The Dongguan Commandery was renamed Yi'an Commandery ( 義安郡 ) in 413. The commandery became a prefecture in 590 during the early Sui dynasty , first as Xun Prefecture ( 循州 ; Xúnzhōu ), then as Chao Prefecture ( 潮州 ; Cháozhōu ) in

423-532: Is a popular dish among the overseas Chinese Teochew community in Singapore and Malaysia. Owing to its coastal geography, Chaozhou is also famed for its seafood soups, and a porridge called "mue" ( 潮洲糜 ). Chaozhou is a famous historical and cultural center of the Chaoshan region. The city, known as the "Classic Tourist City", constantly welcomes thousands of tourists a day. There are over 600 valuable historic relics kept in Chaozhou city. Among them, 42 are classified under

470-416: Is a traditional art form which has a history of more than 500 years and is now appreciated by 20 million Chaozhou natives in over 20 countries and regions. Based on the local folk dances and ballads, Chaozhou opera has formed its own style under the influence of Nanxi Opera . Nanxi is one of the oldest Chinese operas and originated in the Song dynasty . Clowns and females are the most distinctive characters in

517-441: Is now internationally acclaimed for its academic excellence and close industry links. Approximately 14 thousand full-time and 5000 part-time students attend classes in more than 20 fields of study, offered by 14 academic departments, at the 36-hectare campus. It is the second-oldest polytechnic in Singapore. Historically, the Kongsi contributed 75% of its yearly surplus to the polytechnic; to date, it has donated about $ 100 million to

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564-609: Is spoken by about 10 million people in Chaozhou and approximately 2–5 million people overseas. Thirty percent of Chinese residents of Vietnam speak this dialect. Teochew people are the largest ethnic Chinese group in Thailand and Cambodia , and the second largest ethnic Chinese group in Singapore , after the Hokkien . However, in Singapore, Mandarin is gradually supplanting the Teochew topolect as

611-483: The Chinese Commercial News , World News , and United Daily News all use traditional characters, as do some Hong Kong–based magazines such as Yazhou Zhoukan . The Philippine Chinese Daily uses simplified characters. DVDs are usually subtitled using traditional characters, influenced by media from Taiwan as well as by the two countries sharing the same DVD region , 3. With most having immigrated to

658-622: The Shanghainese -language character U+20C8E 𠲎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20C8E —a composition of 伐 with the ⼝   'MOUTH' radical—used instead of the Standard Chinese 嗎 ; 吗 . Typefaces often use the initialism TC to signify the use of traditional Chinese characters, as well as SC for simplified Chinese characters . In addition, the Noto, Italy family of typefaces, for example, also provides separate fonts for

705-408: The rihin ( 二弦 ), tihu , yehu (all two-stringed bowed lutes), and the sanxian , pipa , ruan , guzheng , and yangqin . The number of instruments and performers in an ensemble is flexible and depends on the availability of instruments and musicians to play them – but to have an even and balanced texture, only one of each instrument is preferred. Chaozhou drum music ensembles includes

752-448: The 1951 Guangdong People's Government was in Chao'an County. Part of the county was converted into Chao'an City in 1953, and was renamed Chaozhou City (county-level) later that year. In 1955, the provincial seat moved to Shantou ; the city was abolished five years later, and was reestablished in 1979. In 1983, the situation was reversed, as Chao'an was merged into Chaozhou City. Chaozhou was made

799-446: The Chaozhou culture is conveyed, is a dialect of Southern Min . It is one of the most conservative Chinese dialects because it preserves many contrasts from ancient Chinese ( Classical Chinese ) that have been lost in some of the other modern dialects of Chinese. (See the Teochew dialect transcription of the poem Shi shi shi shi shi to note how words which have become homophonic in other dialects stay distinct in Teochew.) The dialect

846-567: The Huanggang river flows roughly from north to south through the territory of Raoping, emptying into the sea. These two rivers provide abundant water for Chaozhou. Hills account for 65% of the total land area within the city, mainly in Raoping and Northern Chaoan. To the north of the city, there is a wide mountainous area suitable for tea cultivation; the lower-altitude areas nearby are mainly suitable for growing bamboo, peach, plum, olive, and pineapple. On

893-547: The People's Republic of China, traditional Chinese characters are standardised according to the Table of Comparison between Standard, Traditional and Variant Chinese Characters . Dictionaries published in mainland China generally show both simplified and their traditional counterparts. There are differences between the accepted traditional forms in mainland China and elsewhere, for example the accepted traditional form of 产 in mainland China

940-406: The Teochew Building (formerly Tuan Meng High School). 1°17′45″N 103°50′36″E  /  1.2957°N 103.8434°E  / 1.2957; 103.8434 Chaozhou Chaozhou ( Chinese : 潮州 ), alternatively Chiuchow , Chaochow or Teochew , is a city in the eastern Guangdong province of China . It borders Shantou to the south, Jieyang to the southwest, Meizhou to

987-455: The Teochew artistic community by offering exhibition space, facilities and organisational resources for local and international artistic and cultural activities. The 5,000 sq ft (460 m) non-profit Ngee Ann Traditional Chinese Medicine Centre was set up in November 2000 by Ngee Ann Kongsi with an investment of $ 1 million over three years. The centre offers traditional medicine through

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1034-571: The United States during the second half of the 19th century, Chinese Americans have long used traditional characters. When not providing both, US public notices and signs in Chinese are generally written in traditional characters, more often than in simplified characters. In the past, traditional Chinese was most often encoded on computers using the Big5 standard, which favored traditional characters. However,

1081-873: The banks of the Han River, there is fertile land used for rice, sweet potato, peanut, soybean, carrot, orange, peach, and banana cultivation. The three peaks of Jinshan ( 巾山 ), Mingshan ( 明山 ), and Dushan ( 独山 ) are collectively known as the Sanshan Guowang ( 三山國王 ) or Lords of the Three Mountains , and are venerated in temples, particularly by the Hakka people worldwide. Chaozhou's municipal executive, legislature and judiciary are situated in Xiangqiao District , together with its CPC and Public Security bureau . The Teochew dialect ( Chinese : 潮州話 ), by which

1128-522: The big drum and gong, the small drum and gong, the dizi set, drum and gong and su, drum and gong combinations. The current Chaozhou drum music is said to be similar to the form of drum and wind music during the Han and Tang dynasties. The Chaozhou guzheng and erhu are also regarded as major members of the southern instrument family. The region is most widely known for the origin of ' Bak Kut Teh ' ( 肉骨茶 ), loosely translated in dialect as 'Meat Bone Tea', which

1175-521: The coastal Shantou City. It is situated north of the delta of the Han River , which flows throughout the city. The Chaozhou territory is mountainous. In particular, the nearby Phoenix Mountain 's peak is located 1,497 meters (4,911 ft) above sea level. The main nearby rivers are the Huanggang River and the Han River. The Han River flows from west to southeast, and ramps through downtown Chaozhou;

1222-583: The following year. In 1914, the Republic of China government combined the Chao and Xun prefectures into Chaoxun Prefecture or Chaoxun Circuit ( 潮循道 ). For a short while in the Sui and early Tang dynasties, Haiyang District was called Yi'an District ( 義安縣 ). The name remained Haiyang until 1914, when it was renamed to Chao'an County ( 潮安縣 ) to avoid ambiguity with the Haiyang County , Shandong . The seat of

1269-493: The inverse is equally true as well. In digital media, many cultural phenomena imported from Hong Kong and Taiwan into mainland China, such as music videos, karaoke videos, subtitled movies, and subtitled dramas, use traditional Chinese characters. In Hong Kong and Macau , traditional characters were retained during the colonial period, while the mainland adopted simplified characters. Simplified characters are contemporaneously used to accommodate immigrants and tourists, often from

1316-725: The mainland. The increasing use of simplified characters has led to concern among residents regarding protecting what they see as their local heritage. Taiwan has never adopted simplified characters. The use of simplified characters in government documents and educational settings is discouraged by the government of Taiwan. Nevertheless, with sufficient context simplified characters are likely to be successfully read by those used to traditional characters, especially given some previous exposure. Many simplified characters were previously variants that had long been in some use, with systematic stroke simplifications used in folk handwriting since antiquity. Traditional characters were recognized as

1363-682: The majority of Chinese text in mainland China are simplified characters , there is no legislation prohibiting the use of traditional Chinese characters, and often traditional Chinese characters remain in use for stylistic and commercial purposes, such as in shopfront displays and advertising. Traditional Chinese characters remain ubiquitous on buildings that predate the promulgation of the current simplification scheme, such as former government buildings, religious buildings, educational institutions, and historical monuments. Traditional Chinese characters continue to be used for ceremonial, cultural, scholarly/academic research, and artistic/decorative purposes. In

1410-975: The merging of previously distinct character forms. Many Chinese online newspapers allow users to switch between these character sets. Traditional characters are known by different names throughout the Chinese-speaking world. The government of Taiwan officially refers to traditional Chinese characters as 正體字 ; 正体字 ; zhèngtǐzì ; 'orthodox characters'. This term is also used outside Taiwan to distinguish standard characters, including both simplified, and traditional, from other variants and idiomatic characters . Users of traditional characters elsewhere, as well as those using simplified characters, call traditional characters 繁體字 ; 繁体字 ; fántǐzì ; 'complex characters', 老字 ; lǎozì ; 'old characters', or 全體字 ; 全体字 ; quántǐzì ; 'full characters' to distinguish them from simplified characters. Some argue that since traditional characters are often

1457-603: The mother tongue for this group, especially among younger generations. Chaozhou is famously known as a globally renowned cultural center of the Lingnan region of China. Throughout China's turbulent history, the Chaozhou region was nonetheless able to flourish and thrive, enabling the nourishing of a unique and distinctive character epitomized in the city's native dialect , ceramics, opera, cuisine , Fenghuang Dancong tea, music, style of lion dance, embroidery and another needlework called drawnwork. Chaozhou opera ( Chinese : 潮劇 )

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1504-426: The mouth, Kung Fu tea renowned for its lingering aftertaste. At the local teahouse, tea service is often accompanied by Chaozhou music. String music , gong and drum music and the ancient music of set flutes are the traditional forms of Chaozhou music. Chaozhou string music is made up of mostly plucked and bowed string instruments, and on some occasions, wind instruments are used. The most characteristic instruments are

1551-486: The next five years, Shantou City was a higher-level city, containing Chaozhou and Jieyang within it. Currently, Chaozhou, Shantou and Jieyang are equal in status. In 2022, the city's 5-year plan has detailed the realization of a 43.3-gigawatt offshore windfarm located between 47 and 115 miles (75 and 185 km) off the city's coast. Chaozhou is located in the easternmost part of the Guangdong Province, north of

1598-493: The northwest, the province of Fujian to the east, and the South China Sea to the southeast. It is administered as a prefecture-level city with a jurisdiction area of 3,110 km (1,200 sq mi) and a total population of 2,568,387. Its built-up (or metro) area encompassing most of Shantou and Jieyang cities was home to 12,543,024 inhabitants on 13 local administrative areas. Along with Shantou and Jieyang, Chaozhou

1645-613: The official script in Singapore until 1969, when the government officially adopted Simplified characters. Traditional characters still are widely used in contexts such as in baby and corporation names, advertisements, decorations, official documents and in newspapers. The Chinese Filipino community continues to be one of the most conservative in Southeast Asia regarding simplification. Although major public universities teach in simplified characters, many well-established Chinese schools still use traditional characters. Publications such as

1692-700: The original standard forms, they should not be called 'complex'. Conversely, there is a common objection to the description of traditional characters as 'standard', due to them not being used by a large population of Chinese speakers. Additionally, as the process of Chinese character creation often made many characters more elaborate over time, there is sometimes a hesitation to characterize them as 'traditional'. Some people refer to traditional characters as 'proper characters' ( 正字 ; zhèngzì or 正寫 ; zhèngxiě ) and to simplified characters as 簡筆字 ; 简笔字 ; jiǎnbǐzì ; 'simplified-stroke characters' or 減筆字 ; 减笔字 ; jiǎnbǐzì ; 'reduced-stroke characters', as

1739-880: The polytechnic. However, in accordance with an amendment to the Ngee Ann Kongsi (Incorporation) Ordinance, passed in July 2007, the Kongsi has reduced its donation to 25% of the yearly surplus, while the remaining amount will be donated to other educational institutions in Singapore. Educational institutions that have benefited from this change include: Ngee Ann Kongsi's wholly owned divisions (Ngee Ann Property & Management Pte. Ltd. and Ngee Ann Development Pte. Ltd.) are both housed within Ngee Ann City's Tower A, whereas Ngee Ann Kongsi, Ngee Ann Education Holdings Pte. Ltd., Ngee Ann Knowledge Center, Ngee Ann Cultural Center Pte. Ltd., and Ngee Ann - Adelaide Education Center are situated within

1786-825: The predominant forms. Simplified characters as codified by the People's Republic of China are predominantly used in mainland China , Malaysia, and Singapore. "Traditional" as such is a retronym applied to non-simplified character sets in the wake of widespread use of simplified characters. Traditional characters are commonly used in Taiwan , Hong Kong , and Macau , as well as in most overseas Chinese communities outside of Southeast Asia. As for non-Chinese languages written using Chinese characters, Japanese kanji include many simplified characters known as shinjitai standardized after World War II, sometimes distinct from their simplified Chinese counterparts . Korean hanja , still used to

1833-445: The scholarship, while students with good academic results and have financial needs can apply to the Kongsi for bursary. The Ngee Ann Kongsi partially or fully owns and operates the following properties: Educational Institutions Cultural Institutions Commercial Properties Before clan associations were organised, temples were the focal point of social activity for Chinese emigrants. In 1845, management of Yueh Hai Ching Temple

1880-509: The set of traditional characters is regulated by the Ministry of Education and standardized in the Standard Form of National Characters . These forms were predominant in written Chinese until the middle of the 20th century, when various countries that use Chinese characters began standardizing simplified sets of characters, often with characters that existed before as well-known variants of

1927-416: The state, provincial and city's key preservation units of cultural relics. The Chaozhou Dialect , Chaozhou Opera , Chaozhou Ganghu tea , etc. are unique features of Chaozhou culture. Several historically significant attractions are below. Traditional Chinese characters Traditional Chinese characters are a standard set of Chinese character forms used to write Chinese languages . In Taiwan ,

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1974-627: The traditional character set used in Taiwan ( TC ) and the set used in Hong Kong ( HK ). Most Chinese-language webpages now use Unicode for their text. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends the use of the language tag zh-Hant to specify webpage content written with traditional characters. In the Japanese writing system , kyujitai are traditional forms, which were simplified to create shinjitai for standardized Japanese use following World War II. Kyūjitai are mostly congruent with

2021-920: The traditional characters in Chinese, save for minor stylistic variation. Characters that are not included in the jōyō kanji list are generally recommended to be printed in their traditional forms, with a few exceptions. Additionally, there are kokuji , which are kanji wholly created in Japan, rather than originally being borrowed from China. In the Korean writing system , hanja —replaced almost entirely by hangul in South Korea and totally replaced in North Korea —are mostly identical with their traditional counterparts, save minor stylistic variations. As with Japanese, there are autochthonous hanja, known as gukja . Traditional Chinese characters are also used by non-Chinese ethnic groups. The Maniq people living in Thailand and Malaysia use Chinese characters to write

2068-509: The ubiquitous Unicode standard gives equal weight to simplified and traditional Chinese characters, and has become by far the most popular encoding for Chinese-language text. There are various input method editors (IMEs) available for the input of Chinese characters . Many characters, often dialectical variants, are encoded in Unicode but cannot be inputted using certain IMEs, with one example being

2115-571: The words for simplified and reduced are homophonous in Standard Chinese , both pronounced as jiǎn . The modern shapes of traditional Chinese characters first appeared with the emergence of the clerical script during the Han dynasty c.  200 BCE , with the sets of forms and norms more or less stable since the Southern and Northern dynasties period c.  the 5th century . Although

2162-494: Was set up within Yueh Hai Ching Temple , a national monument of Singapore . Now a non-profit organisation, Ngee Ann Kongsi contributes to Singaporean society through educational and other charitable projects. The Ngee Ann Kongsi also provides a tertiary bursary and scholarship towards deserving Teochew students. Students that display good academic results, leadership skills and strong co-curricular records are eligible for

2209-399: Was taken over by the Ngee Ann Kongsi, which acquired the current temple site. Between 1852 and 1855, the temple building was constructed using funds from the Teochew community. It is the oldest Teochew temple in Singapore. The Ngee Ann Cultural Centre was set up in 1998 to promote Singaporean awareness of Chinese culture, particularly Teochew heritage. It promotes involvement and engagement of

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