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110-663: On January 20, 2015, the USPS released solicitation RFI-NGDV for the Next Generation Delivery Vehicle. On February 13, 2015, it was announced that General Motors was actively pursuing this new contract, which would have them provide the USPS with 180,000 new vehicles at a cost of at least $ 5 billion. At the time, the first NGDVs were scheduled to begin delivering mail by 2018. Potential bidders had until March 5, 2015 to submit comments and pre-qualification responses. The USPS then selected 15 prequalified companies that would receive

220-646: A Bosch -sourced eAxle drive unit and a 94 kW-hr lithium-ion battery using nickel-manganese-cobalt chemistry . The eAxle drive unit is a traction motor with an integrated reduction gearbox and inverter. The permanent magnet AC traction motor has a peak output of 150 kW (200 hp) and a continuous output of 70 kW (94 hp); power is supplied to the wheels through the gearbox with an 11.8:1 ratio. The inverter uses silicon IGBT circuitry. The ICE variant has an estimated fuel efficiency of 14.7 mpg ‑US (16.0 L/100 km), decreasing to 8.6 mpg ‑US (27 L/100 km) when

330-497: A 100% BEV NGDV fleet, $ 3.3 billion more than the split 10% BEV / 90% ICE NGDV fleet alternative. At approximately the same time, President Joe Biden issued Executive Order 14057 in December 2021, which mandated that all light-duty vehicles purchased for U.S. government fleets must be BEVs starting in fiscal year 2027, and by 2035, all new federal fleet vehicle procurements, including heavy-duty trucks, must be BEVs. One critic noted

440-470: A 2.5% grade and be capable of stopping, then ascending slopes of up to 20% grade in both forward and reverse. In the prototype RFP, these requirements were updated to include the delivery of six prototype examples in two sizes: a "standard" vehicle accommodating 155 cu ft (4.4 m) of cargo and a "small" vehicle with 121 cu ft (3.4 m), with both sizes not to exceed 112 in (2,800 mm) of height. The minimum sustained road speed

550-558: A 50-50 joint venture to develop and operate the Smart brand as a global electric vehicle brand. The venture, later named Smart Automobile Co., Ltd. is headquartered in Ningbo, Zhejiang . It has a registered capital of CN¥ 5.4 billion, with each company contributing CN¥2.7 billion. The new all-electric Smart model from this joint venture was launched globally in 2022 as the Smart #1 , previously showcased as

660-462: A Geely subsidiary established in 1999 and phased out in 2010. The brand was temporarily revived in 2020 by launching its first EV, the Maple 30X . In 2022, Geely launched the joint venture between Lifan and Maple called Livan ( Chinese : 睿蓝 ), and the previous Maple products were reconsolidated into Livan. Lotus Cars is a British carmaker established in 1948 that produces sports and racing cars. It

770-542: A boxy, bespoke body with a short hood, similar in appearance to the VT Hackney/Workhorse prototype, which was equipped a battery-electric powertrain with a gasoline-powered range extender . The AM General prototype used switchgear from Geely / Volvo and a start-stop system to reduce fuel consumption rates. According to Emerald Automotive officials, the AM General/Emerald and Oshkosh/Ford vehicles were leading

880-614: A company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange under the trading code 0175HK. In March 2004, Guorun was renamed Geely Automobile Holdings Limited , a company under ZGH, retaining the same trading code. This strategy was seen as Geely's "backdoor" entry into the Hong Kong stock market, providing a means to raise funds for the company. In 2006, Geely bought a 19.97 percent equity stake in British company Manganese Bronze Holdings ,

990-438: A completely new Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) design, has been in production by Oshkosh Corporation since 2016. AM General was unsuccessful in its bid for this $ 30-billion 25-year contract, and it is now focused on military Humvee support (they still outnumber JLTVs by three to one) and development of a new ambulance model. AM General also acquired Department of Defense contracts for medium and heavy trucks, including

1100-492: A computed consumption of 1.34 kW⋅h/mi (25.2 mpg‑e). Although using the air conditioner was not expected to affect the range, using the heater was expected to reduce range by up to half. Based on the typical distance driven, it was assumed that only 20% of the battery state of charge would be used each day for most NGDVs; analysis of USPS mail carrier routes demonstrated the all-electric variant's range could accommodate 95% of all routes. A prototype shown at CES 2022

1210-725: A controlling interest was purchased by Renault . US government regulations at that time forbade ownership of defense contractors by foreign governments—and Renault was partially owned by the French government. In 1983, LTV Corporation bought AM General and established it as a wholly owned subsidiary. In 1984, its headquarters moved from the American Motors AMTEK Building in Detroit , Michigan , to Livonia, Michigan , and two years later to South Bend, Indiana, where primary manufacturing operations were located. In 1992, AM General

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1320-579: A five-year period. Production began at the Mishawaka, Indiana , assembly plant in the fall of 1984 and the first deliveries were made in early 1985. The total international production by mid-1991 was more than 72,000. Since 1991, an additional 20,000 HMMWVs ordered brought total international production to 100,000 in March 1995. Late in 2000, AM General was awarded another contract for 2,962 M998A2 series trucks. The contract contained six single-year options running to

1430-407: A former parent company of Volvo Cars . The deal made ZGH the biggest shareholder by number of shares with an 8.2% stake, and second by voting rights, with 15.6%. In September 2019, ZGH led a round of private funding for Volocopter that raised $ 55   million for the company. Volocopter's other private investors also include Daimler AG which owns a stake in the company. In late July 2020, it

1540-608: A joint venture holding company with both as co-owners. The joint venture was officially established in late May 2024 as Horse Powertrain Limited , headquartered in London , United Kingdom. In January 2021, ZGH announced a deal to create an electric vehicle joint venture together with Baidu , a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services, products, and artificial intelligence (AI). Baidu would develop

1650-475: A joint venture with AM General's then-owner, Renco Group, to give Perelman 70% ownership. The deal reportedly cost close to US$ 1 billion. In 2008, AM General and the Vehicle Production Group (VPG), of Troy, Michigan , announced that contracts had been signed for AM General to begin producing purpose-built taxi-cabs in 2009. Actual production would not begin until October 2011. The first vehicle off

1760-551: A joint-venture bid involving Workhorse and VT Hackney. Half of the prototypes were to feature hybrid and new technologies, including alternative fuel capabilities. The prototypes represented a variety of vehicle sizes and drive configurations, in addition to advanced power trains and a range of hybrid technologies. The prototypes were delivered to the USPS in late September 2017. Examples from AM General, Karsan, Mahindra, Oshkosh, and VT Hackney/Workhorse were spotted while undergoing testing in 2017 and 2018. Vehicle testing took place at

1870-457: A landlord". Hintz concluded that "if two years pass and there's nothing in [Foxconn's] million-square-foot facility when we could have been producing postal trucks, you know, under this contract, we'll look back at it as a missed opportunity." A NGDV technical center will be established in the buildings owned by the company in its eponymous Oshkosh, Wisconsin location for engineering and technical support, employing approximately 100. Shortly after

1980-677: A new company under its British subsidiary called The London Taxi Corporation, later renamed London Electric Vehicle Company , to resume assembly of the London black cab in Coventry , UK. In 2009, Geely bought an Australian transmission company Drivetrain Systems International (DSI), at that time the second largest automatic transmission manufacturer for A$ 70 million . In 2014, Geely sold 90% of its stake in DSI to multiple other Chinese companies after

2090-556: A new line of 3- and 4-cylinder diesel and petrol engines to replace larger engines. It has also developed a new vehicle platform called the Scalable Product Architecture (SPA) . Sales reached 500,000 vehicles in 2015 for the first time in the brand's history, and continued to over 700,000 in 2023. Both company jointly developed engines and platforms, notably the Compact Modular Architecture platform that

2200-531: A partnership with MAN of Germany to build SG 220 articulated buses for US transit systems. MAN fabricated the bodyshells in Germany and shipped them to the US for AM General for final assembly. Two different lengths were offered, 55 ft (16.8 m) and 60 ft (18.3 m); 93 buses were built to the shorter length while the rest were 60 feet long. By October 1978, the company discontinued bus production with

2310-735: A performance and tuning brand owned by Volvo Cars, would become a standalone brand focusing on electric cars. Polestar introduced its first product, the Polestar 1 coupé on 17 October 2017. The car was produced at the Polestar Production Centre in Chengdu , China. Following an initial public offering , Polestar shares began trading on the Nasdaq exchange under the symbol PSNY on 24 June 2022. In December 2017, ZGH invested €3.25   billion into Swedish truck and construction company Volvo Group ,

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2420-555: A proposed merger of both businesses. In the existing arrangement, Volvo Cars has been allowed autonomy with its resources despite being fully owned by ZGH. These merger talks were later halted, and 18% of Volvo Cars shares were listed on the Nasdaq Stockholm stock exchange in October 2021. In   March 2021, ZGH launched the Zeekr brand for premium electric vehicles. Its first model,

2530-568: A three-player competitive video game to deliver packages. As reported by Reuters in May 2023, initial deliveries were delayed from 2023 to June 2024. USPS has committed to acquire 66,000 electric vehicles through 2028, of which 45,000 are NGDVs and 9,250 are Ford E-Transit vans. The E-Transit vans are scheduled to arrive by the end of 2023. In August 2024, the first vehicles were delivered and began operating delivery routes in Augusta, Georgia . Described as

2640-692: Is Geely Group's original and mainstream brand, primarily sold in China and select overseas markets. It has an electric vehicle product line, the Geely Galaxy for premium EV/PHEV. Geely Galaxy ( Chinese : 吉利银河 ) is Geely's mass-market range of new energy vehicles ( plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles) that was established in February 2023. In October 2024, the Geely Geometry line has been merged with Geely Galaxy. Radar Auto ( Chinese : 雷达汽车 )

2750-461: Is a Chinese multinational conglomerate headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang . The company is privately owned by Chinese entrepreneur Li Shufu , and mainly engaged in the automotive industry . Geely was founded 1986 as a refrigerator parts company, before transitioning to motorcycles in 1994 and entering the automotive industry in 1997. ZGH as a holding company was founded in 2003. As of 2023 ,

2860-694: Is a battery electric pick-up truck brand owned by ZGH. The brand's first vehicle, the Radar RD6 , was unveiled in 2022. The brand was consolidated into Geely Auto in November 2024. Polestar is a publicly traded electric car brand established in Sweden under the Volvo Cars Group. Polestar was initially 50.5% owned by ZGH and 49.5% by Volvo Cars. Zeekr ( Chinese : 极氪 ) is a premium battery electric vehicle brand of ZGH owned by Geely Automobile Holdings. The company

2970-451: Is air-conditioned. The contract calls for a minimum order of 50,000 NGDVs, with options for up to 165,000, delivered over a 10-year period; the first NGDVs were scheduled to enter service in 2023. Initially, USPS announced that 5,000 vehicles in the first order will be battery-electric, the remainder using an internal combustion engine. The proportion of all-electric NGDVs being ordered has increased since then in response to sharp criticism of

3080-629: Is best known for the civilian Hummer and the military Humvee that are assembled in Mishawaka, Indiana . From 1974–1979 the company also manufactured transit buses , making more than 5,400 of them. AM General has also been a provider of vehicles for the CUCV program carried out by the United States Armed Forces . AM General traces its roots to the Standard Wheel Company of Terre Haute, Indiana , which expanded in 1903 to include

3190-589: Is flexible and can be adjusted in the future. After the USPS was sued by multiple groups in April 2022 to block the procurement, the USPS announced plans in July to increase the proportion of electric NGDVs in the initial procurement to 50% and add 34,500 more commercially-available battery-electric vehicles. Later that December, the USPS announced the addition of $ 3 billion from the Inflation Reduction Act would allow

3300-501: Is listed on the New York Stock Exchange since May 2024. The brand was founded in 2021 as an offshoot of Lynk & Co , as its first vehicles were meant to be Lynk & Co models. However after a major shareholding restructuring in 2024, it holds 51% of Lynk & Co currently. Lynk & Co ( Chinese : 领克 ) was established in 2017 that uses technology developed jointly by Volvo Cars and Geely Auto. Before 2024, It

3410-489: Is operable only when the transmission is in park or neutral. The front and rear bumpers are equipped with proximity sensors that start beeping intermittently when objects are detected within 8 ft (2.4 m), and switch to continuous alarming when objects are within 6 in (150 mm). AM General AM General is an American heavy vehicle and contract automotive manufacturer based in South Bend, Indiana . It

Oshkosh NGDV - Misplaced Pages Continue

3520-567: Is owned 51% by ZGH since 2017, while the rest is owned by Etika Automotive. Farizon Auto ( Chinese : 远程汽车 ) was established in 2016 to focus on the development and sales of electric commercial vehicles. Farizon also has a sub-brand called Ouling ( Chinese : 欧铃 ) selling gasoline-powered lower end micro trucks. London Electric Vehicle Company (LEVC) is a brand owned by ZGH that produces and sells electric black cabs . It adopted its current name in 2017 to reflect its new mission of developing and producing electric commercial vehicles. It

3630-571: Is refitting a large warehouse at the Flatwood Industrial Park that previously was used by Rite Aid as a distribution center; when complete, the building will be used for NGDV production. Oshkosh expects to spend $ 155 million to retool the facility. South Carolina provided a $ 9 million grant and a 40% discount on property taxes for 40 years. The announcement that production would take place in South Carolina using non-union labor

3740-473: Is used by Volvo, Geely and Lynk & Co vehicles. Improving technical expertise and a sophisticated production management system led to a significant sales surge for Geely from 2010 onwards. In October 2016, Geely Auto released its new brand called Lynk & Co in Berlin , Germany, which is intended to bridge the gap between Geely and Volvo brands. The brand was launched with three production models, all based on

3850-514: The Compact Modular Architecture (CMA). In August 2017, ZGH, Geely Automobile Holdings and Volvo Car Group signed an agreement at Geely Auto's Hangzhou Bay R&D Center to establish the Lynk & Co joint venture. Geely Auto controls 50% of Lynk & Co, Volvo Cars held 30%, and ZGH held the remaining 20%. In May 2017, ZGH purchased a 51% controlling-stake in Lotus Cars from its owner, DRB-HICOM ,

3960-662: The Concept #1 at the 2021 Munich Motor Show. Smart electric vehicles from the partnership are based on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) electric vehicle platform developed by Geely. In August 2021, ZGH through its subsidiary Geely Auto formed a strategic partnership with Renault . In January 2022, the two companies signed an agreement by which Renault's South Korean subsidiary, Renault Korea Motors , would produce vehicles based on Geely Compact Modular Architecture platform , initially intended for

4070-512: The London EV Company , Radar Auto and Farizon brands. It produces motorcycles under its subsidiaries Zhejiang Geely Ming Industrial (Jiming and Geely), Qianjiang Motorcycle (QJMotor and Keeway), and Benelli . It also holds a 17% stake in Aston Martin and owns half of Horse Powertrain , an engine manufacturing joint venture with Renault . Geely is a phonetic transliteration of

4180-509: The M151 series , 2 1/2 ton M35 series , and 5 ton M809 series in the 1970s then the M939 series in the 1980s. In 2005, AM General was contracted to take over militarization, sales, and marketing of LSSV vehicles. Geely Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd. (ZGH) , commonly known as Geely Holding ( / ˈ dʒ iː l i /  ; Chinese : 吉利控股 ; pinyin : Jílì Kònggǔ ),

4290-578: The M998 Series High Mobility Multi-Purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV, pronounced Humvee), a 1.25-ton truck intended to replace the M151 and other Light Utility Vehicles . The US Army awarded AM General a prototype contract in 1981 with development and operational testing conducted over a five-month period in 1982. In March 1983, AM General won an initial $ 1.2 billion contract to produce 55,000 Humvees to be delivered in five basic models and 15 different configurations over

4400-813: The Overland Automotive Division. In 1908, John North Willys purchased the Overland company, then based in Indianapolis, Indiana , and renamed it Willys-Overland Motors. In the 1940s, as Willys, it collaborated with Ford to develop a vehicle to US Army specifications. It then mass-produced that vehicle as "America's first four-wheel-drive, one-fourth-ton, tactical utility truck"—the Jeep of World War II fame. In 1953, Kaiser Motors purchased Willys-Overland, changing its name first to Kaiser-Willys Motor Company, and in 1963, to Kaiser-Jeep Corporation. In 1970, it

4510-573: The Transportation Research Center (East Liberty, Ohio), supplemented by component testing in Bohemia, New York and field testing in Flint and Utica, Michigan; Alexandria and Manassas, Virginia; and Tempe, Tucson, and Apache Junction, Arizona. However, many of the prototypes exhibited "critical safety failures during the prototype testing phase, including brake failures and leaking fuel tanks", and

Oshkosh NGDV - Misplaced Pages Continue

4620-694: The Vehicle Production Group (VPG). Prior to this, AM General acted as the sole vehicle assembler for VPG. As a result of this transaction, AM General created a wholly owned company, Mobility Ventures LLC, to operate the Mobility Vehicle-1 (MV-1) business and receive all VPG assets. In 2015, production of the Mercedes-Benz R-Class began at the Mishawaka assembly plant. Without this deal, "the German automaker would likely have had to shut down production of

4730-526: The Zeekr 001 was launched in April 2021, and deliveries began in October 2021. In May 2024, Zeekr filed its initial public offering (IPO) on the New York Stock Exchange . Zeekr raised around US$ 441 million , making it the largest IPO of a Chinese company since 2021. In February 2024, Volvo Cars announced its plan to reduce its stake in Polestar by the third quarter of 2024 from currently 48.3% to around 18% by ceding it to ZGH. In September 2024, Li Shufu,

4840-660: The nascent Foxconn facility in Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin for NGDV production, but the two companies were unable to reach an agreement. The House Committee on Oversight and Reform sent letters to Oshkosh officials in March 2022, seeking insight into the company's reasons to build the NGDV factory in Spartanburg rather than retooling existing factories in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. The president of Oshkosh Defense, John Bryant, had stated previously

4950-453: The 'duck-billed option', Oshkosh's NGDV has been designed to maximize interior volume and outward visibility for drivers who will be required to move against traffic in pedestrian-heavy areas. It is also tall enough for a person to stand inside and work. Current-generation automotive safety features employed by the design include airbags , a 360-degree camera , automatic emergency braking , and collision avoidance systems . The sliding door cab

5060-553: The 10/90 split procurement. The proportion of BEV NGDVs in the initial order of 50,000 was increased to 20% in March 2022. Lawsuits were filed in April 2022 against the USPS by 16 states, six non-profit groups, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District , the District of Columbia , and the city of New York , demanding a more stringent environmental review or changing the proportion of BEV NGDVs to 100%. During

5170-646: The AM General line was the Jeep DJ -5 series—a purpose-built "Dispatch Jeep" 2-wheel drive (RWD) version of the Jeep CJ-5 —used in huge numbers as a right-hand drive mail delivery vehicle by the United States Postal Service . The AM General Metropolitan buses were manufactured for city transit use from 1974 until 1979, producing a total of 5,431 buses (including 219 electric trolley buses ). The Metropolitan

5280-409: The May 2022 National Post Forum, the USPS confirmed that it will increase the number of BEV NGDVs in the initial order. This means that at least 10,019 NGDV vehicles will be manufactured as BEVs. In July 2022, USPS revised the initial order to now have at least 50% of the NGDV vehicles to be manufactured as BEVs. The Inflation Reduction Act allocated an additional $ 3 billion for the electrification of

5390-647: The NGDV fleet. In December 2022, USPS announced that 75% of its initial order of 60,000 NGDVs would be BEVs. By 2026, all new NGDVs ordered will be delivered as BEVs. In March 2023, Florida-based EV charger manufacturer Blink Charging Co. announced it was awarded an IDIQ (indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity) contract for up to 41,500 chargers. Preproduction versions were shown at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas for 2022 and again for 2023, where attendees could participate in "Operation On-The-Move",

5500-497: The NGDV is 5,560 lb (2,520 kg) for the version with a conventional ICE and 6,670 lb (3,030 kg) for the battery-electric vehicle (BEV) variant. The payload of the vehicles also varies slightly, either 2,941 lb (1,334 kg) for the ICE or 2,207 lb (1,001 kg) for the BEV. The NGDV is equipped with a second sliding curbside door that allows the mail carrier to enter

5610-462: The NGDV procurement plan, noting that ICE-powered versions have been designed to be converted to BEV powertrains if required. However, Senators Ed Markey and Martin Heinrich , joined by other members of Congress and environmental organizations, sent a letter in February 2022 criticizing USPS and Oshkosh following the implementation of the preferred alternative, singling out the vehicles' inefficiency and

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5720-465: The NGDV was to have a minimum life of 12 years and a target life of 20 years; the cargo area was required to enclose a minimum volume of 4.38 m (155 cu ft) with a minimum payload capacity of 680 kg (1,500 lb). Vehicles were required to be able to maintain a speed of 65 mph (105 km/h) on level roads, accelerating to that speed within 35 seconds. In addition, vehicles were required to maintain 45 mph (72 km/h) on

5830-521: The RFP for prototype development, which was issued on April 14, 2015; General Motors was not on the prequalified list. The prototype RFP was issued on October 20, 2015, and updated on December 1, including a Statement of Objectives (SOO) providing preliminary NGDV specifications and target requirements and a Statement of Work providing a sample driving cycle. Under the draft design specification issued in January 2015,

5940-650: The Studebaker XUV at the Chicago Auto show in 2002. GM said Avanti infringed on the Hummer looks by planning a vehicle that closely resembled the Hummer. It seemed the AM General Hummer line had gone full circle back to the original Studebaker General Products Division which was responsible for all military contracts. On August 20, 2004, it was announced that Ronald Perelman 's MacAndrews & Forbes company would form

6050-469: The USPS returned all the prototypes to the Transportation Research Center for rework in November 2017; testing resumed in April 2018 and was completed in March 2019. The Oshkosh prototype was derived from the Ford Transit commercial van, while the Karsan prototype combined a purpose-built tall body by Morgan Olson , allowing mail carriers to stand upright in the cargo area, with a plug-in hybrid gasoline-electric drivetrain. The Mahindra prototype also used

6160-403: The acquisition of British taxi maker Manganese Bronze Holdings in 2013 and restructured it into London Electric Vehicle Company . In 2017, ZGH acquired a majority stake in British sports carmaker Lotus Cars in 2017. ZGH's business is divided into five business units: Geely Auto Group which includes the brands Geely Auto, Lynk & Co, and Proton Holdings ; Volvo Car Group which includes

6270-427: The air conditioning is on. For comparison, the earlier LLV (built 1987–94) and FFV (2000–01) have an average observed fuel consumption of 8.2 and 6.9 mpg ‑US (29 and 34 L/100 km), respectively. The minuscule improvement in fuel economy was criticized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in February 2022. The BEV variant has an estimated range of 70 mi (110 km) and

6380-445: The all-BEV NGDV scenario, providing even greater benefits for pursuing the all-electric procurement. In February 2022, the EPA criticized the preferred alternative, stating the EIS "fails to consider more environmentally protective feasible alternatives and inadequately considers impacts on communities with environmental justice concerns." In addition, although analyses demonstrated that 95% of its routes could be electrified, considering

6490-481: The automotive value chain , from research and development and design to production, sales and service. Geely was established in 1986 in Ningbo, Zhejiang by Li Shufu as a refrigerator parts manufacturer located in Taizhou, Zhejiang . To start the company, Li Shufu had to borrow funds from his family. In 1994, Geely transitioned into the motorcycle industry by acquiring a state-run firm , and started producing China's first scooter . In 1997, Geely completed

6600-417: The brand was ranked among the top ten in the Chinese automobile market. In 2002, Geely was restructured from being a family-operated entity to a joint-stock company managed by professional management. On 24 March 2003, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd. (ZGH) was established with a registered capital of CN¥ 930 million. In January 2004, Li Shufu bought controlling shares in Guorun Holdings Co., Ltd.,

6710-460: The brands Volvo Cars and Polestar ; Geely New Energy Commercial Vehicle Group which include the brands London Electric Vehicle Company and Yuancheng (Farizon); Geely Group (New Business) which includes the brands Caocao, Terrafugia , Qianjiang Motorcycle , Joma , and other new businesses; and Mitime Group ( 铭泰集团 ; Míngtài Jítuán ) which includes ZGH educational institutions, motorsports business, and tourism business. Its global operations span

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6820-490: The candidates, as the other vehicles required constant repair and towing from the test track. Numerous candidates resigned from the NGDV prototype competition before the USPS selected the winner, as competition results and selection of a winning prototype had been expected in late 2016, but these were not announced until 2021, in part due to delays in assembling the prototypes; because the candidate suppliers only had 18 weeks to assemble and perform internal testing before shipping

6930-411: The cargo area directly, allowing them to avoid having to stand in the street while loading and unloading the vehicle. As another measure for safety, the NGDV has an automatic parking brake that engages when the vehicle is shifted to park, when the driver leaves the seat, or when the ignition is shut off; it disengages when the vehicle is started and then shifted to drive or reverse, and the vehicle ignition

7040-466: The carmaker's first-ever SUV, the Proton X70 was introduced in Malaysia in December 2018. It is based on first-generation Geely Boyue . In July 2023, after the internal restructuring in Geely Group, the Proton brand was consolidated into the balance sheets of Geely Auto . Volvo Cars is owned 78.7% by ZGH (post Volvo Cars IPO). ZGH acquired Volvo Cars from Ford Motor Company in 2010. The Maple brand name originated with Shanghai Maple Automobile ,

7150-524: The company ranks 225 in the 2023 Fortune Global 500 list of the world's largest companies. In 2023, the group produced a total of 2.79 million vehicles globally, including 980,000 plug-in electric vehicles . The company manufactures and sells vehicles under the brands of Geely and Lynk & Co , which are part of the Geely Auto Group business unit, along with its subsidiaries and joint ventures such as Zeekr , Volvo Cars , Polestar , Proton , Smart and Lotus , as well as commercial vehicles under

7260-489: The company suffered losses. Following continuing losses in that year, Ford Motor Company offered Volvo Cars for sale in December 2008. On 28 October 2009, Ford confirmed that, after considering several offers, the preferred buyer of Volvo Cars was ZGH. On 23 December 2009, Ford confirmed the terms of the sale to ZGH had been settled. A definitive agreement was signed on 28 March 2010 for US$ 1.8 billion . The European Commission and China's Ministry of Commerce approved

7370-463: The company's native name 吉利 ( pinyin : Jílì ), which means "auspicious" or "propitious" in Chinese . Geely entered the automotive industry in 1997, but only officially received national production license in November 2001. Following a restructuring of Geely, ZGH was established as a holding company largely owned by Li Shufu in March 2003. ZGH acquired the Swedish passenger car maker Volvo Cars from Ford Motor Company in 2010. It completed

7480-488: The construction of relevant factories and initial investment preparations to enter the automobile industry. This made Geely the first private automobile company in China, whereas other carmakers are state-owned enterprises such as Chery . Geely's first car, the Geely Haoqing , rolled off the assembly line in Linhai, Zhejiang on 8 August 1998. However, Geely did not obtain its national production license until 9 November 2001, which delayed mass production until 2002. By 2002,

7590-498: The contract was awarded to Oshkosh in February 2021, Postmaster General Louis DeJoy appeared before the United States House of Representatives , where he testified only 10% of the planned NGDVs would be battery electric vehicles (BEVs). In response to an enquiry from Representative Jackie Speier asking why the new fleet was not 90% BEV instead of 10% BEV, DeJoy stated that 90% BEV target would require "3 or 4 extra billion [dollars]" to implement. In fact, an order of 75,000 BEV trucks

7700-403: The deal on 6 and 29 July 2010, respectively. The deal closed on 2 August 2010 with Geely paying $ 1.3 billion cash and a $ 200 million note. At the time of the purchase, is the largest overseas acquisition by a Chinese automaker. This acquisition facilitated Volvo's recovery and brought significant technological and managerial advancements to Geely. Under Geely ownership, Volvo Cars has developed

7810-423: The delivery of between 50,000 and 165,000 vehicles over a period of 10 years. Under the initial contract USPS has committed to pay Oshkosh Defense $ 482 million to initiate engineering efforts to finalize the production vehicle design, and for tooling and factory build-out activities that are necessary prior to vehicle production. The Workhorse Group, an electric truck builder based in Loveland, Ohio and one of

7920-561: The design changes for its own line as the models D800 and E800 . Buses were built in lengths of either 35 ft (10.7 m) or 40 ft (12.2 m), and widths of 96 in (2,438 mm) or 102 in (2,591 mm). The model numbers reflected the chosen dimensions; for example, model "10240" indicated a 102-inch wide, 40-foot long bus. Suffixes "A" or "B" were used for later models to indicate certain options. In total, 3,571 40-foot diesel buses and 1,641 35-foot diesel buses were produced. In 1977–1979, AM General also worked under

8030-532: The domestic market. As of January 2022 , production was slated to start by 2024. In May 2022, Renault said a Geely subsidiary was set to acquire a 34% stake of Renault Korea Motors through capital increase as part of their partnership, although the company would continue to be majority owned by Renault and a consolidated subsidiary of it. In November 2022, Renault said it plans to combine its powertrain production and development operations (including internal combustion engines and hybrid systems) with Geely's into

8140-461: The drivetrain subsystem supplier, including engines, traction motors, and transmissions. Ford Component Sales also will provide Oshkosh with key parts for suspensions and other components, including cabin interiors. The earlier Oshkosh prototype evaluated during testing was based on the Ford Transit van. The ICE will be a Ford EcoBoost 2.0L turbocharged 4-cylinder gasoline engine . At CES 2022,

8250-598: The electric car's software while Geely would manufacture the car. The companies formed Jidu Auto in the same year, combining elements of both company names. Later, in August 2023, they launched the Ji Yue brand, with Geely owning 65% and Baidu 35%. Ji Yue is a subsidiary of Geely Group that was formed to circumvent restrictions on car manufacturing qualifications. Jidu Auto now focuses on technology solutions, including product design and AI development, for Ji Yue vehicles. Geely Auto

8360-871: The first step in this strategy, Geely announced to merge all the Geely Geometry dealership into Geely Galaxy dealership, further integrate its brand portfolio and sales channel. In November 2024, Geely Holding Group (Geely) announced to transfer its 11.3% stake in Zeekr Intelligent Technology (Zeekr) to Geely Automobile Holdings ( Geely Auto ). Geely Auto's shareholding ratio in Zeekr increased to 62.8%. Zeekr announced to purchase 20% stake of Lynk & Co from Geely Auto for 3.6 billion yuan and acquire Volvo Car 's 30% stake in Lynk & Co for 5.4 billion yuan. This made Zeekr hold 51% of Lynk & Co in total, while

8470-644: The fiscal year 2007 and continues to be renewed. Nearly 250,000 units have been produced. Humvees feature full-time four-wheel drive, an independent suspension, steep approach and departure angles , 60-percent grade ability and 16 inches (406 mm) of ground clearance. More recent production models include the M1151, M1152, M1165, and M1167. As of 2015, Humvees are in use by the US Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Navy. The combined fleet numbers 140,000. More than 50 nations have bought these vehicles. The Humvee's replacement,

8580-468: The founder of the Geely, released the "Taizhou Declaration", announcing that the company has entered a new stage of strategic transformation that Geely would promote the integration of internal resources, further clarify the positioning of each brand, straighten out equity relationships, reduce conflicts of interest and duplication of investment, and improve resource utilization efficiency. In October 2024, As

8690-567: The incremental amount to implement an all-BEV NGDV fleet, while onerous, was relatively small in relation to other government projects and would reduce carbon emissions by 537,000 t (592,000 short tons) in tailpipe emissions. Researchers at the University of Michigan 's School for Environment and Sustainability found the EIS underestimated lifetime emissions associated with the split 10/90 NGDV scenario, and overestimated lifetime emissions associated with

8800-499: The largest shareholder of Malaysian carmaker Proton Holdings . The remaining 49% were acquired by Etika Automotive, a holding company of Proton's major shareholder Syed Mokhtar Albukhary . Proton had owned Lotus since 1996, and largely struggled to turn the fortunes of the sports car maker around. ZGH also purchased a 49.9% stake in Proton Holdings, which was agreed on 23 June 2017 and finalised on 29 September 2017. The purchase

8910-464: The last unit completed in March 1979. The total number built was just under 400 (392 or 399 ), the largest group by far being 150 for Seattle's Metro Transit . MAN subsequently set up its own factory for US production in Cleveland, North Carolina . Production of complete motor buses (and of any two-axle motor buses) had ended in 1978 and aside from the fitting-out of the last articulated MAN shells,

9020-570: The line was presented to Marc Buoniconti, a former linebacker for The Citadel who was partially paralyzed in 1985. In May 2010, Azure Dynamics announced it had chosen AM General to assemble its electric drivetrain for Ford Transit Connect vehicles for the North American market at its Livonia, Michigan, factory. In September 2013, AM General reached an agreement to purchase the United States Department of Energy 's secured loan to

9130-527: The losing bidders, initially protested the award to Oshkosh by filing a lawsuit, but dropped the case in September 2021, one day before the case would be heard in court. USPS placed its first order in March 2022, at a contract value of $ 2.98 billion, for 50,000 NGDVs, of which at least 10,019 will be the battery-electric variant; the average per-unit cost of an NGDV is $ 59600. The first deliveries of NGDVs were expected in 2023. The exact number of electric NGDVs

9240-440: The manufacturer of London black cabs . Both companies started a £53 million joint venture to produce the black cabs in China, with Geely holding 52 percent and the British company 48 percent. The company has since reduced costs by producing parts in China. In February 2013, ZGH fully acquired Manganese Bronze Holdings for £11.04 million , after the British company entered administration due to lack of funding. ZGH established

9350-570: The market in 2002, and was produced until January 2009. It was designed and marketed by GM, but manufactured by AM General at the Mishawaka plant. AM General did not build the H3 model. GM was sued early in 2003 by DaimlerChrysler , owners of the Jeep brand, for the resemblance of the Hummer's seven-slot grille to Jeep's. The lawsuit was dismissed after acknowledgment of the shared corporate history of AMC and Jeep. GM in turn sued boutique automaker Avanti Motor Corporation of Cancun, Mexico after it introduced

9460-536: The minimum size for the NGDV factory was 825,000 sq ft (7.66 ha), and it did not own any buildings in Wisconsin that were large enough to accommodate NGDV production. State Representative Gordon Hintz (D-Oshkosh) noted that Foxconn's Mount Pleasant facility was sufficiently large, and speculated that negotiations between Oshkosh and Foxconn may have broken down over who would assume responsibility for manufacturing: "I don't think Foxconn originally wanted to be

9570-471: The nominal 70 mi (110 km) range of the BEV NGDVs, just 10% of NGDVs would be procured as BEVs. Despite the criticism, USPS and Oshkosh announced that it would proceed with the preferred alternative: only 10% (5,000) of the initial order of Oshkosh NGDVs will be manufactured as BEVs, while the remaining 90% of the NGDV fleet will be manufactured as low-emission ICE vehicles. The USPS and Oshkosh defended

9680-641: The only production in 1979 was two batches of trolleybuses (and the only such vehicles ever built by the company). These were all 40-foot (12.2 m) vehicles, model 10240T: 110 trackless trolleys for the Philadelphia trolleybus system , operated by SEPTA ; and 109 for the Seattle trolleybus system , operated by Metro Transit (now King County Metro). One of the latter has been preserved since its retirement in 2003 by King County Metro (see King County Metro fleet ). In 1979, AM General began preliminary design work on

9790-588: The original plan. There are four planned variants: either an internal combustion engine or battery-electric powertrain, both of which will have options for either two- or four-wheel drive. The 2WD ICE model will have 4,112 purchased parts; the 4WD ICE model has 3,995 parts in common with the 2WD ICE model, while BEV variants have 3,297 and 3,196 parts in common with the 2WD ICE for the 2WD and 4WD BEV models, respectively. Either powertrain option can be built for future orders, and models with an ICE can be converted to battery-electric if required. Ford has been announced as

9900-496: The procurement of 45,000 battery-electric NGDVs out of at least 60,000 NGDVs in total, to be delivered by 2028. Mail delivery using the first NGDVs was still expected to start in late 2023. In June 2021, Oshkosh stated that after a long search, the company will assemble the new mail truck at a new, dedicated factory in Spartanburg, South Carolina , and will employ more than 1,000 local non-union workers. In Spartanburg, Oshkosh Defense

10010-466: The prototypes to USPS, many vehicles were faulty and the USPS returned the entire initial batch. In addition, testing was extended by three to eight months because USPS added durability and simulated field tests during the competition; testing was not completed until March 2019. With testing complete, USPS met with the manufacturers and the National Association of Letter Carriers (NALC) to finalize

10120-618: The remaining 49% of Lynk & Co shares continues to be held by Geely Auto. The electric pickup brand Radar Auto has been consolidated into Geely Auto . In 2018, Li Shufu through his investment company Tenaciou3 Prospect Investment Limited purchased a 9.7% stake in Daimler AG (now Mercedes-Benz Group ), owner of the Mercedes-Benz and Smart brands. As of 2024 , Li Shufu is the second largest Mercedes-Benz AG shareholder after BAIC Group . In January 2020, ZGH and Daimler AG announced

10230-457: The specifications, which were issued in June 2019. Utilimaster withdrew from the competition in February 2017, and London Electric Vehicle Company , which was supplying powertrain technology to AM General, announced in December 2018 they would not participate past the prototype stage. Workhorse bought out VT Hackney in December 2019 after the latter company withdrew from the competition. Final bids from

10340-712: The use of incorrect data in their environmental impact statement. Other groups joining the criticism included the EPA, the Biden Administration, Zero Emission Transportation Association, climate activists, and the Congressional Progressive Caucus of the Democratic Party, collectively criticizing Oshkosh and the United States Postal Service for ignoring Executive Order 14057 and proceeding with

10450-444: The vehicle, currently only sold in China." Production ended in October 2017. In July 2020, it was revealed that investment company KPS Capital Partners had reached an agreement to acquire AM General from its previous owner, MacAndrews & Forbes . AM General submitted a prototype to become the United States Postal Service 's Next Generation Delivery Vehicle , but their entry was not chosen. Another familiar product from

10560-643: The vendors to the revised specification were delivered in July 2020, delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, Mahindra pulled out in August 2020, citing financial issues. By December 2020, just Karsan, Oshkosh, and Workhorse were left. Final technical and financial reviews were completed in January 2021. In February 2021, the contract was awarded to Oshkosh Defense, a wholly owned subsidiary of Oshkosh Corporation in Oshkosh, Wisconsin . The competitively awarded indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contract allows for

10670-513: The video display accompanying the NGDV display showed specifications for the EcoBoost and 8-speed automatic transmission that will be used in the ICE-drivetrain variant. The EcoBoost has a peak output of 250 hp (190 kW) at 5,500 RPM and 275 lb⋅ft (373 N⋅m) at 3,000 RPM, but this was de-rated to 206 lb⋅ft (279 N⋅m) for reliability. The electric variant has

10780-678: The work at the South Bend plant it had recently acquired from Studebaker. American Motors Corporation (AMC) purchased the Jeep Corporation from Kaiser in 1970 when Kaiser decided to leave the auto business. In 1971, AMC made the General Products Division of Jeep (producing military trucks as well as contract and non-commercial vehicles) a wholly owned subsidiary and renamed it "AM General Corporation". American Motors ceased to function as an independent automaker in 1982 when

10890-438: Was 60 mph (97 km/h) with a grade of up to 1% at an altitude of 3,000 ft (910 m) or less, with a minimum operating range of 70 mi (110 km) including 600 stops and starts while using the heating and air conditioning systems and accessories at their maximum settings, to maintain cabin temperatures of 65–85 °F (18–29 °C) when ambient temperatures are −30–120 °F (−34–49 °C). The cargo area

11000-528: Was 9.5 ft (2.9 m) tall, 19.6 ft (6.0 m) long, and 7 ft (2.1 m) wide. The rear cargo opening measures 49.5 in (1,260 mm) wide and 72.5 in (1,840 mm) tall. The gross vehicle weight rating of the NGDV with an ICE, including payload, is 8,501 lb (3,856 kg), just one pound over the EPA's threshold to be considered a heavy-duty truck, allowing it to avoid more stringent pollution emissions and efficiency standards for light-duty trucks. The estimated curb weight of

11110-543: Was announced that the Xingma Group had agreed to transfer a 15.2% stake of its shares in the Ma'anshan -based heavy truck manufacturer Hualing Xingma to Geely New Energy Commercial Vehicle Group, a wholly owned subsidiary of ZGH. After the transaction, Geely New Energy Commercial Vehicle Group would become the de facto controlling shareholder of Hualing Xingma. In February 2020, Volvo Cars and Geely started formal discussions about

11220-550: Was built under a 1971 agreement with Flyer Industries of Winnipeg , Manitoba; AM General licensed the rights to build and market the Western Flyer D700 for the US market. The D700 itself was similar in design to the contemporaneous GM New Look buses . The front end of the D700 was restyled and thus the resulting Metropolitan was not simply a Flyer design built under license but rather a jointly designed vehicle. Flyer later adopted

11330-536: Was criticized as a bait-and-switch scheme by multiple politicians who had expected the vehicles to be built by unionized workers in Oshkosh's home state of Wisconsin. Senator Ron Johnson (R-WI) declined to challenge the company to relocate production to his home state: "It's not like we don't have enough jobs here in Wisconsin. The biggest problem we have in Wisconsin right now is employers not being able to find enough workers." According to Johnson, Oshkosh had approached Foxconn to inquire if Oshkosh could lease space at

11440-450: Was estimated to cost an extra $ 2.3 billion compared to a 10% BEV fleet. The Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for NGDV procurement, published in January 2022, concluded the preferred alternative was "to purchase and deploy up to 90 percent ICE [ internal combustion engine ] NGDV with at least 10 percent BEV NGDV." The EIS evaluated four alternative scenarios: According to the EIS, it would cost $ 11.6 billion to implement

11550-411: Was owned 50% by Geely Auto, 30% by Volvo Cars, and 20% by ZGH. It currently 51% owned by Zeekr and 49% owned by Geely Auto after restructuring. Proton is a national car brand of Malaysia, established in the 1980s at the behest of the government and later reverted to private ownership under DRB-HICOM . Since 2017, the brand is owned 49.9% by ZGH and 50.1% by DRB-HICOM. Its first Geely-based vehicle, also

11660-477: Was previously known as The London Taxi Company, which has roots from Manganese Bronze Holdings , the original manufacturer of black cabs that Geely acquired in 2013. With a new factory in Ansty Park , near Coventry, it has begun production of a new generation of zero-emission -capable new taxi vehicle in late 2017. Jidu Auto ( Chinese : 集度 ) is a joint venture between ZGH and Baidu that would be engaged in

11770-501: Was purchased by American Motors Corporation (AMC). In July 2020, KPS Capital Partners acquired the company. In 1964, Kaiser-Jeep purchased the Studebaker facilities on Chippewa Avenue in South Bend, Indiana , which included Studebaker's "General Products Division", along with its substantial defense contracts. At the time, Kaiser had been awarded a US$ 87 million Army truck contract, and under government pressure, agreed to perform

11880-572: Was required to accommodate heights ranging up to the 95th percentile male without stooping while setting the maximum exterior height at 122 in (3,100 mm). The maximum target unit price was US$ 35,000. On September 22, 2016, the United States Postal Service awarded the NGDV Prototype Contract to six selected suppliers: AM General (in partnership with Emerald Automotive ), Karsan (in partnership with Morgan Olson ), Mahindra , Oshkosh (in partnership with Ford ), Utilimaster , and

11990-551: Was seen to facilitate future export growth in right-hand drive markets, and making inroads into the lucrative ASEAN region. Proton confirmed that it would not downsize its workforce following its deal with Geely. In July 2017, the company purchased Terrafugia , an American maker of flying cars . In November 2017, ZGH announced completion of the Terrafugia acquisition, including approval from all relevant regulators. In October 2017, Volvo Cars and ZGH announced that Polestar ,

12100-584: Was sold to Renco Group , which in 2002 converted it to a limited liability company . In 1984 AM General built a separate factory at 13200 McKinley Hwy in Mishawaka for HMMWV production. In 1992 AM General began marketing the HMMWV to the civilian market under the Hummer brand. In 1999, GM acquired the rights to the brand and continued production of the original civilian Hummer as the H1 until June 2006. The Hummer H2 went on

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