Newport Music Hall is a music venue located in the University District of Columbus, Ohio , across the street from the Ohio Union of the Ohio State University . It is "America's Longest Continually Running Rock Club".
86-647: Newport Music Hall opened in 1921; it was then known as the State Theater . In the 1970s, it became known as the Agora Ballroom . The hall seats 2,000 and most of the original decor is intact. It is one of the many music venues on High Street in Columbus, and the oldest continually running venue. In the past, they have had indoor and outdoor events. Tickets are sold at the Newport box office (open at noon on show days). Newport
172-449: A "decade or so younger" than her husband, which gives additional credibility to this census record as evidence of Hooker's origins. The Hooker children were homeschooled . They were permitted to listen only to religious songs; the spirituals sung in church were their earliest exposure to music. In 1921, their parents separated. The next year, their mother married William Moore, a blues singer, who provided John Lee with an introduction to
258-629: A 2016 federal survey of US homeschoolers found that over 40 percent of homeschoolers were not White, a majority had parents with less than a bachelor's degree , and over one in five lived in poverty. In the UK , the government has noted that no figures are available on educational attainment for children educated at home: "This means no assessment can be made of the impact on educational attainment of being home schooled". Claims by homeschooling proponents that homeschoolers fare better than traditionally schooled children are insufficiently supported by data. With
344-960: A base understanding of complex scientific concepts without any background studying. Depending on the part of the world, informal learning can take on many different identities and has differing cultural importances. Many ways of organizing homeschooling draw on the model of apprenticeships and play-based learning . In some South American indigenous cultures , such as the Chillihuani community in Peru, children learn irrigation and farming technique through play, advancing them not only in their own village and society but also in their knowledge of realistic techniques that they will need to survive. In Western culture, children use informal learning in two main ways: through hands-on experience with new material, and by asking questions to someone who has more experience (i.e. parents, elders). The concept of informal learning depends on
430-419: A basic curriculum with articulated goals and outcomes. This style attempts to imitate the structure of a traditional school setting while personalizing the curriculum. Unstructured homeschooling, also known as unschooling, is any form of home education where parents do not construct a curriculum at all. This method attempts to teach through the child's daily experiences and focuses more on self-directed learning by
516-510: A challenge. Other common methodological problems commonly included the presence of confounding factors such as socioeconomic status and parental involvement, over-reliance on parental testimony, and taking into account the timing and duration of homeschooling (many homeschoolers only do so for a few years). Homeschooling research is often conducted on homeschooled children or their parents; surveys of adults who have been homeschooled are extremely limited. The majority of homeschool research in
602-458: A child might not encounter people of other cultures, worldviews, and socioeconomic groups if they are not enrolled in a school. Therefore, these critics believe that homeschooling cannot guarantee a comprehensive and neutral education if educational standards are not prescribed. Studies on homeschooled students typically rely on convenience sampling , which may disproportionately sample the highest-achieving homeschoolers. Researchers have identified
688-592: A financial incentive to homeschool in Alaska does raise questions about the applicability of the results to other areas which do not have these programs in place. Unschooled children tend to score significantly below traditionally educated children, and higher parental involvement and the use of a structured curriculum is strongly positively correlated with homeschooling outcomes, as with conventionally schooled students. A survey of educational outcomes for homeschool students found that homeschoolers consistently scored below
774-452: A necessity for a variety of reasons. For those who are in isolated rural locations that are too far from a conventional school, living abroad, or travel frequently, homeschool provides more consistency and convenience, eliminating the issues of distance or cultural barriers. Many young athletes, actors, and musicians are taught at home to accommodate their travel and practice schedules more conveniently. Mental and physical health issues are also
860-774: A need for more representative samples in studying homeschooling. While "homeschooling" is the term commonly used in the United States and other nations in North America, "home education" is primarily used in the United Kingdom , elsewhere in Europe and many Commonwealth countries . For most of history, home education was common. In many cultures, home education often consisted of literacy training centered around religious texts, as well as basic math skills needed in everyday life. Reading aloud, reciting, and memorizing passages from
946-420: A number comparable to the number of students in charter schools or Catholic schools . This increase was far-reaching across every measured demographic category and region. This increase has led to a rise in critical interest about the impacts of homeschooling, both positive and negative. There are many reasons why parents and children choose to homeschool, whether by necessity or by choice. Homeschool may be
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#17328528739071032-426: A reason parents may homeschool or take distance education . Parents commonly cite two main motivations for voluntarily homeschooling their children: dissatisfaction with the local schools and the interest in increased involvement with their children's learning and development. Parental dissatisfaction with available schools typically includes concerns about the school environment, the quality of academic instruction,
1118-479: A reason why homeschoolers are less likely to pursue higher education. Looking beyond high school, a study by the 1990 National Home Education Research Institute (as cited by Wichers, 2001) found that at least 33% of homeschooled students attended a four-year college, and 17% attended a two-year college (with the national average being 40% and 20%, respectively). This same study examined the students after one year, finding that 17% pursued higher education. A study by
1204-424: A religious education. Use of a religious curriculum such as Abeka is common among these families. In the United States, conservative Christians drove the movement to homeschool and made up the vast majority of homeschoolers until recent years. However, the percent of people who cited religion as the primary reason for homeschooling has declined drastically. In 2012, almost 2 of 3 homeschool parents did, while by 2023,
1290-451: A rumor that Catholics were attempting to remove the Bible from schools. The Toledo Reverend Patrick Francis Quigley was put on trial in 1891 for resisting the requirement to report the names of students at his school, which he was principal of; he argued unsuccessfully that "the state has no right to control the education of the child." Resistance to mandatory schooling was sporadic throughout
1376-601: A school. To be granted the right to homeschool, parents must have a baccalauréat or equivalent to prove they are qualified to teach. These restrictions were introduced in September 2022, known as loi contre le séparatisme : a law designed to reduce " Islamist separatism " and enforce secularism . A meta-analysis of studies on homeschooling in Asia found that the majority of homeschoolers cited religion as their reason for homeschooling. Because schools were widely shut down during
1462-644: A study found that 78 percent utilized "a public library"; 77 percent used "a homeschooling catalogue, publisher, or individual specialist"; 68 percent used "retail bookstore or another store"; 60 percent used "an education publisher that was not affiliated with homeschooling." "Approximately half" used curriculum from "a homeschooling organization", 37 percent from a "church, synagogue or other religious institution" and 23 percent from "their local public school or district." In 2003, 41 percent utilized some sort of distance learning , approximately 20 percent by "television, video or radio"; 19 percent via "The Internet, e-mail, or
1548-435: A variety of places other than a school . Usually conducted by a parent, tutor, or online teacher, many homeschool families use less formal , more personalized and individualized methods of learning that are not always found in schools. The actual practice of homeschooling varies considerably. The spectrum ranges from highly structured forms based on traditional school lessons to more open, free forms such as unschooling , which
1634-700: A way of increasing their children's understanding of African-American history – such as the Jim Crow laws that resulted in African Americans being prevented from reading and writing – and to limit the harm caused by the unintentional and sometimes subtle systemic racism that affects most American schools. The increase of homeschooling post-COVID-19 pandemic saw the greatest increases among Black, Latino, and Asian American households. Many families cited concerns that their children, particularly boys, were perceived as threatening or violent at school due to racism, as well as
1720-406: A way to simulate homeschool cooperatives online. With social networks , homeschoolers can chat, discuss threads in forums, share information and tips, and even participate in online classes via learning management systems similar to those used by colleges. Research on homeschooling faces a number of challenges and limitations. The documentation and regulation of homeschooling in the United States
1806-551: A year, the Newport Music Hall has become one of the most famous rock clubs in the country. In 2020, the building that houses Newport was put up for sale by its owners, but this will not directly affect the venue. This article related to a building or structure in Columbus, Ohio is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . John Lee Hooker John Lee Hooker (August 22, 1912 or 1917 – June 21, 2001)
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#17328528739071892-443: Is a lesson- and curriculum -free implementation of homeschooling. Some families who initially attended a school go through a deschool phase to break away from school habits and prepare for homeschooling. While "homeschooling" is the term commonly used in North America, "home education" is primarily used in Europe and many Commonwealth countries . Homeschooling should not be confused with distance education , which generally refers to
1978-474: Is an everyday experience there. A homeschool cooperative is a cooperative of families who homeschool their children. It provides an opportunity for children to learn from other parents who are more specialized in certain areas or subjects. Co-ops also provide social interaction. They may take lessons together or go on field trips. Some co-ops also offer events such as prom and graduation for homeschoolers. Homeschoolers are beginning to utilize Web 2.0 as
2064-493: Is due to the rise of the Internet, which enables people to obtain information very quickly. The regulation and legality of homeschooling varies by jurisdiction . There are many different reasons for homeschooling, ranging from personal interests to dissatisfaction with the school system . Homeschooling is also an option for families living in remote rural areas, those temporarily abroad, those who travel frequently and therefore face
2150-445: Is highly variable among states, with a minority of states administering any rigorous testing or record-keeping of homeschooled children; in eleven states, no record of homeschooled students is kept at all. As of 2022, virtually all research on homeschooling used convenience sampling , leading to issues with selection bias. Homeschoolers as a demographic tend towards distrust of surveillance and institutions, making eliminating survey bias
2236-486: Is not uncommon for a student to experience more than one approach as the family discovers what works best for their student. Some companies offer all-in-one homeschooling curricula. Purchased as a grade-level package or separately by subject, the package may contain all of the needed books, materials, tests, answer keys, and extensive teacher guides. However, many families use an eclectic approach, picking and choosing from various suppliers. For sources of curricula and books,
2322-537: The COVID-19 pandemic . A commonly cited reason for choosing this model is that parents are not sure whether they can provide their children a comprehensive and neutral education at home or cannot devote themselves to homeschooling full-time due to time constraints or excessive stress. Some families also want their children to socialize with other children and find that schools are better suited for this purpose because social exchange does not only take place occasionally, but
2408-627: The Kentucky Office Of Education Accountability found that homeschooled students attended college or university within Kentucky at less than half the rate of other Kentucky high school graduates, with the academic outcomes of other homeschooled students being unknown. Although educational outcomes of homeschoolers are difficult to track, especially where homeschooled students are not required to be registered, home-schoolers tend to take standardized college admission tests such as
2494-842: The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991. He was a recipient of a 1983 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts , which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts. He was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2000 and has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . He is also inducted into the Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame . Two of his songs, "Boogie Chillen" and "Boom Boom," are included in
2580-559: The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 's list of the 500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll. "Boogie Chillen" is also included in the Recording Industry Association of America 's list of the " Songs of the Century ". Homeschooling Homeschooling or home schooling ( American English ), also known as home education or elective home education ( EHE ) ( British English ), is the education of school-aged children at home or
2666-561: The SAT at a disproportionately low rate, suggesting they may be underrepresented in higher education. Some homeschoolers averaged higher scores on college entrance tests in South Carolina. Other scores (1999 data) showed mixed results, for example showing higher levels for homeschoolers in English (homeschooled 23.4 vs national average 20.5) and reading (homeschooled 24.4 vs national average 21.4) on
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2752-574: The total institution — a social system which impels obedience to the state and quells free-thinking or dissent. Informal learning refers to the component of homeschooling which happens outside of the classroom. Informal learning is an everyday form of learning through participation and creation, in contrast with the traditional view of teacher-centered learning. The term is usually used synonymously with "non-formal learning" and "self-directed learning." Informal learning differs from traditional learning as there are no expected objectives or outcomes. From
2838-472: The 1950s, like many black musicians, Hooker earned little from record sales, and so he often recorded variations of his songs for different studios for an up-front fee. To evade his recording contract, he used various pseudonyms, including John Lee Booker (for Chess Records and Chance Records in 1951–1952), Johnny Lee (for De Luxe Records in 1953–1954), John Lee, John Lee Cooker, Texas Slim, Delta John, Birmingham Sam and his Magic Guitar, Johnny Williams, and
2924-591: The 1960s and 1970s with educational reformists dissatisfied with industrialized education. Home education and apprenticeship continued to remain the main form of education until the 1830s. However, in the 18th century, the majority of people in Europe lacked formal education. Since the early 19th century, formal classroom schooling became the most common means of schooling throughout the developed countries. As laws enforcing public school attendance proliferated, movements to resist such laws began to form. Resistance to laws mandating school attendance emerged as early as
3010-596: The 19th century as the state undertook more responsibility in protecting the rights of children. In 1913 the US Bureau of Education established the Home Education Division, an organization which worked with the National Council of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations to provide home curriculum materials, although these were meant to supplement, not substitute, for public schooling. In the early 20th century,
3096-441: The Bible and other Christian writing were central to this practice, as well as workplace-based education such as apprenticeships . Enlisting professional tutors was an option available only to the wealthy. Home education declined in the 19th and 20th centuries with the enactment of compulsory school attendance laws. However, it continued to be practised in isolated communities. The practice of what we now call homeschooling began in
3182-590: The Bible for themselves. Today, compulsory education at school is strictly enforced in Germany, and is only permitted in rare cases, such as that of serious illness. However, parents interested in alternative schooling may choose to send their children to a private, independent school. Homeschooling in France is permitted only in specific circumstances: for the health of the child, for intensive artistic or sports training, for itinerant families, and for those who live too far from
3268-957: The Boogie Man. His early solo songs were recorded by Bernie Besman. Hooker rarely played with a standard beat, opting instead to adjust the tempo to fit the needs of the song. This often made it difficult to use backing musicians, who were not accustomed to Hooker's musical vagaries. As a result, Besman recorded Hooker playing guitar, singing, and stomping on a wooden pallet in time with the music. For much of this period, he recorded and toured with Eddie Kirkland . In Hooker's later sessions for Vee-Jay Records in Chicago, studio musicians accompanied him on most of his recordings, including Eddie Taylor , who could handle his musical idiosyncrasies. " Boom Boom " (1962) and " Dimples ," two popular songs by Hooker, were originally released by Vee-Jay. Beginning in 1962, Hooker gained greater exposure when he toured Europe in
3354-688: The COVID-19 pandemic caused many parents to consider homeschooling where they might not have before. Concerns about school environment - the most commonly cited reason for homeschooling - may comprise a number of issues with conventional schooling, such as protection against bullying , social exclusion, drugs, stress, sexualization, social pressures, excessive performance thoughts, social groups or role models with negative influences, and degrading treatment in school. Children may also learn more efficiently at home because they are not distracted by other students or typical school scheduling. Some parents are of
3440-788: The New Daisy Theatre and occasionally at house parties. He worked in factories in various cities during World War II , eventually getting a job with the Ford Motor Company in Detroit in 1943. He frequented the blues clubs and bars on Hastings Street , the heart of the black entertainment district, on Detroit's east side. In a city noted for its pianists, guitar players were scarce. Hooker's popularity grew quickly as he performed in Detroit clubs, and, seeking an instrument louder than his acoustic guitar, he bought his first electric guitar. Hooker
3526-529: The U.S. and UK. The Healer (for the song "I'm in the Mood") and Chill Out (for the album) both earned him Grammy wins, as well as Don't Look Back , which went on to earn him a double-Grammy win for Best Traditional Blues Recording and Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals (with Van Morrison). Hooker's date of birth is a subject of debate; the years 1912, 1915, 1917, 1920, and 1923 have all been suggested. Most official sources list 1917, though at times Hooker stated he
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3612-637: The UK. Come See About Me , a 2004 DVD , includes performances filmed between 1960 and 1994 and interviews with several of the musicians. Hooker owned five houses in his later life, including ones in the California cities of Los Altos , Redwood City , and Long Beach . On June 21, 2001, Hooker died in his sleep at home in Los Altos. Among his many awards, Hooker was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1980, and
3698-508: The United States is done with the support of the homeschool advocacy group, the Home School Legal Defense Association (HSLDA). A review of studies performed by prominent HSLDA-affiliated researcher Dr. Brian D. Ray found severe design limitations and demographic bias; nearly all subjects in his studies were White , Christian , and from households with two married parents who were more educated than average. Meanwhile,
3784-471: The World Wide Web"; and 15 percent taking a "correspondence course by mail designed specifically for homeschoolers." Individual governmental units, e.g. states and local districts, vary in official curriculum and attendance requirements. Approaches to homeschooling fall under two categories: structured and unstructured. Structured homeschooling includes any method or style of home education that follows
3870-422: The album The Healer with Carlos Santana , Bonnie Raitt , and others. The 1990s saw additional collaboration albums: Mr. Lucky (1991), Chill Out (1995), and Don't Look Back (1997) with Morrison, Santana, Los Lobos , and additional guest musicians. His re-recording of "Boom Boom" (the title track for his 1992 album) with guitarist Jimmie Vaughan became Hooker's highest charting single (number 16) in
3956-658: The annual American Folk Blues Festival . His "Dimples" became a successful single on the UK Singles Charts in 1964, eight years after its first US release. Hooker began to perform and record with rock musicians. One of his earliest collaborations was with British blues rock band the Groundhogs . In 1970, he recorded the joint album Hooker 'n Heat , with the American blues and boogie rock group Canned Heat , whose repertoire included adaptations of Hooker songs. It became
4042-425: The arrangement where the student is educated by and conforms to the requirements of an online school , rather than being educated independently and unrestrictedly by their parents or by themselves. Before the introduction of compulsory school attendance laws, most childhood education was done by families and local communities. By the early 19th century, attending a school became the most common means of education in
4128-455: The average in math, but with mixed or average results in reading and writing. The exact cause of this is not known, but researchers speculated that this was due to the nature of curricula, which often consisted of being read to or self-directed reading, and a lack of parental training in math. Homeschooled children have been found to be less self-motivated when studying math than reading or writing. This gap in competency has also been suggested as
4214-468: The child usually gets to decide what projects they wish to tackle or what interests to pursue. In-home education, this can be instead of or in addition to regular subjects like doing math or English. Hybrid homeschooling or flex-school is a form of homeschooling in which children split their time between homeschool and a more traditional schooling environment like a school . The number of students who participated in hybrid homeschooling increased during
4300-771: The child, free of textbooks, teachers, and any formal assessment of success or failure. The term unschooling , coined by John Holt , describes an approach in which parents do not authoritatively direct the child's education, but interact with the child following the child's interests, leaving them free to explore and learn. Natural learning refers to a type of learning-on-demand where children pursue knowledge based on their interests and parents take an active part in facilitating activities and experiences conducive to learning but do not rely heavily on textbooks or spend much time "teaching", looking instead for "learning moments" throughout their daily activities. Parents see their role as that of affirming through positive feedback and modeling
4386-726: The concepts homeschoolers can incorporate include classical education (including Trivium , Quadrivium ), Charlotte Mason education, Montessori , theory of multiple intelligences , unschooling, Waldorf , school-at-home (curriculum choices from both secular and religious publishers), and A Thomas Jefferson Education . Homeschool educations may incorporate pre-made curriculum made up from private or small publishers, apprenticeship, hands-on-learning, distance learning (both online and correspondence), dual enrollment in local schools or colleges, and curriculum provided by local schools and many others. A student's education may be customized to support his or her learning level, style, and interests. It
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#17328528739074472-431: The concrete practice can vary widely. The spectrum ranges from highly structured forms based on traditional school lessons to more open, free forms like unschooling , which is a curriculum -free implementation of homeschooling that involves teaching children based on their interests. Homeschool families can utilize a wide variety of educational methods and materials with a wide range of educational paradigms. Some of
4558-441: The curriculum so that students finish a school year with a deep understanding of a certain broad subject or idea. Autonomous learning is a school of education which sees learners as individuals who can and should be autonomous ; i.e., be responsible for their own learning climate. Autonomous education helps students develop their self-consciousness, vision, practicality, and freedom of discussion. These attributes serve to aid
4644-432: The curriculum, bullying, the risk of school shootings , racism, and lack of faith in the school's ability to cater to their children's special needs . Some parents homeschool in order to have greater control over what and how their children are taught, to cater more adequately to an individual child's aptitudes and abilities, to provide instruction from a specific religious or and moral position, and to take advantage of
4730-467: The developed world. In the mid to late 20th century, more people began questioning the practice of school learning, which again led to an increase in the number of homeschoolers, especially in the Americas and some European countries. In the 21st century, homeschooling is a relatively widespread form of education and a legal alternative to public and private schools in many countries, which many people believe
4816-466: The dismantling of the state's influence in education in three works: Intellectual Schizophrenia , The Messianic Character of American Education , and The Philosophy of the Christian Curriculum . Rushdoony was frequently called as an expert witness by the Home School Legal Defense Association (HSLDA) in court cases. He frequently advocated the use of private schools. The HSLDA, founded in 1983,
4902-528: The early part of the COVID-19 pandemic , many schools implemented distance education and online learning. This is not considered homeschooling, since students' education was directed by public schools. However, the onset of the pandemic triggered a massive increase in the prevalence of homeschooling. An investigation by the Washington Post estimated that the United States saw an increase of homeschooled children from 1.5 million to between 1.9 and 2.7 million,
4988-441: The efficiency of one-to-one instruction and thus allow the child to spend more time on childhood activities, socializing, and non-academic learning. A 2023 survey of homeschooling parents in the United States found concerns about school environment, moral instruction, dissatisfaction with academics, concern about school shootings , and bullying to be the most common reasons for homeschooling. The need for distance learning during
5074-571: The end of the nineteenth century. Catholic groups in particular resisted the enforcement of Protestant ideals in public schools, as seen in the 1844 Philadelphia nativist riots . The Philadelphia Roman Catholic bishop requested that Catholic schoolchildren be permitted to read the Catholic Douay bible in school rather than the Protestant King James Version , which was granted. This decision fanned anti-Catholic sentiment, sparking
5160-531: The first of Hooker's albums to reach the Billboard charts, peaking at number 78 on the Billboard 200 . Other collaboration albums soon followed, including Endless Boogie (1971) and Never Get Out of These Blues Alive (1972), which included Steve Miller , Elvin Bishop , Van Morrison , and others. Hooker appeared in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers as a street musician playing "Boom Boom." In 1989, he recorded
5246-540: The guitar (and whom he would later credit for his distinctive playing style). Moore was his first significant blues influence. He was a local blues guitarist who, in Shreveport, Louisiana , learned to play a droning, one-chord blues that was strikingly different from the Delta blues of the time. Another influence was Tony Hollins , who dated Hooker's sister Alice, helped teach Hooker to play, and gave him his first guitar. For
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#17328528739075332-443: The headmaster of Baltimore 's Calvert School , Virgil Hillyer, recognized that various students at his school were unable to attend due to ill health, and began to send out lesson plans to those students' parents. The Calvert method became a popular early home curriculum. Its advertising in periodicals such as McClure's admonished parents that the curriculum was necessary to provide a proper education. This form of homeschooling
5418-432: The higher the level of parents' income, the more likely the homeschooled child is able to achieve academic success, which is in alignment with the correlation between income and achievement for students at conventional schools. In one study of families with parents who had an average of 13 years of schooling, homeschooling was correlated with lower test scores, which was attributed to the relatively lower educational status of
5504-432: The inquisitiveness and interests of the child. In a unit study approach, multiple subjects such as math, science, history, art, and geography, are studied in relation to a single topic. Unit studies are useful for teaching multiple grades simultaneously as the difficulty level can be adjusted for each student. An extended form of unit studies, Integrated Thematic Instruction utilizes one central theme integrated throughout
5590-452: The issue of school quality and funding. On the other hand, some groups promote homeschooling to enforce white supremacist ideals. An exposé of a Nazi homeschooling network in Ohio with over two thousand members led to no consequences or restrictions on the group due to lax regulatory requirements in the state. Homeschooling is usually conducted by a parent, tutor, or an online teacher, but
5676-543: The learner's standpoint, the knowledge that they receive is not intentional. Activities such as planting a garden, baking a cake or even talking to a technician at work about the installation of new software can be considered informal learning: the individual is completing a task with different intentions but ends up learning skills in the process. Children watching their tomato plants grow will not generate questions about photosynthesis but they will learn that their plants are growing with water and sunlight. This leads them to have
5762-408: The most advantages when being homeschooled, while those from white, well-off families scored overall worse than their public school peers, and suffered the greatest disadvantage in math. This is notable as being the only study of homeschooling outcomes with a complete data set of all known homeschool children in a given population, which does not rely on volunteered information. However, the existence of
5848-410: The necessary skills, and the child's role as being responsible for asking and learning. Another prominent proponent of unschooling is John Taylor Gatto , author of Dumbing Us Down , The Exhausted School , A Different Kind of Teacher , and Weapons of Mass Instruction . Gatto argues that public education is the primary tool of "state-controlled consciousness" and serves as a prime illustration of
5934-570: The number went from under twenty thousand in the 1970s, to nearly 500,000 by the end of the 1980s. Homeschooling is heavily restricted in Germany. The history of public schooling dates back to the time of Martin Luther , who called on the government to provide schooling to both boys and girls in To the Councilmen of all Cities in Germany ( An die Ratsherren aller Städte deutschen Landes ), so that they might read
6020-460: The opinion that certain temperaments are promoted in school, while others are inhibited which may also be a reason to homeschool their children. Many parents also homeschool their children and return their child into the school system later on, for example because they think that their child is too young or not yet ready to start school. Some parents have objections to the secular nature of public schools and homeschool in order to give their children
6106-428: The parents in the sample group; meanwhile, in studies with highly educated parents, homeschooling for longer periods of time, on average, had no effect, positive or negative. A study which collected all homeschooling outcomes in Alaska (a state where homeschooling is extremely popular due to government financial incentives and support) found that low income students, students of color, and students with disabilities gained
6192-592: The physical impossibility or difficulty of getting their children into school, and those who want to spend more time with their children. Health reasons and special needs can also play a role in why children cannot attend a school regularly and are at least partially homeschooled. Critics of homeschooling argue that children may lack adequate socialization and therefore have poorer social skills . Some are also concerned that parents may be unqualified to guide and advise their children, or that abusive parents may use homeschool to isolate their children. Critics also say that
6278-627: The proportion dropped to just over 1 in 3. In a survey of adults homeschooled in Christian households, over half of respondents characterized their family as fundamentalist, and over 80% reported being taught Young Earth creationism as part of their science education. Homeschooling parents tend, in general, to lean more conservative than the general population. In Asia, the majority of homeschoolers cited religion - Christianity , Confucianism , or Islam - as their primary reason for homeschooling. Some African-American families choose to homeschool as
6364-474: The public school system and were the main demographic that organized to promote home education in the United States. Prominent Evangelical pastor and activist Jerry Falwell expressed horror that sex education and lessons on evolution had replaced prayer and Bible study in schools . This movement embraced research conducted by other religious parents that advocated for homeschooling such as Raymond and Dorothy Moore. Another influential figure associated with
6450-489: The rest of his life, Hooker regarded Hollins as a formative influence on his style of playing and his career as a musician. Among the songs that Hollins reputedly taught Hooker were versions of " Crawlin' King Snake " and " Catfish Blues ". At the age of 14, Hooker ran away from home, reportedly never seeing his mother or stepfather again. In the mid-1930s, he lived in Memphis, Tennessee , where he performed on Beale Street , at
6536-527: The rise of the homeschooling movement was John Holt . Holt believed that informal education was better than compulsory education and expressed these views in his books How Children Fail and How Children Learn . Holt advocated for unschooling , where children learn without any formalized curriculum or expectations. As homeschooling caught on in the Evangelical movement, the number of children being homeschooled increased massively, with some estimates suggesting
6622-422: The student in his/her independent learning. However, a student must not start their autonomous learning completely on their own. It is said that first having interaction with someone who has more knowledge in a subject will speed up the student's learning and allow them to learn more independently. Some degree of autonomous learning is popular with those who home educate their children. In true autonomous learning,
6708-476: The studies available, a 2022 review found it was unable to offer firm conclusions because of these issues, but did not find systematic evidence of poor educational or social outcomes. Another survey of studies related to homeschooling found that, controlling for demographic bias, homeschoolers were generally on par with non-homeschoolers, with a slight advantage in reading and writing, and a slight disadvantage in math. A study conducted by Ray in 2010 indicates that
6794-441: Was an American blues singer, songwriter, and guitarist. The son of a sharecropper , he rose to prominence performing an electric guitar-style adaptation of Delta blues that he developed in Detroit . Hooker often incorporated other elements, including talking blues and early North Mississippi hill country blues . He developed his own driving-rhythm boogie style, distinct from the 1930s–1940s piano-derived boogie-woogie . Hooker
6880-626: Was born in 1920. Information found in the 1920 and 1930 censuses indicates that he was actually born in 1912. In 2017, a series of events were held to celebrate the supposed centenary of his birth. In the 1920 federal census, John Hooker is seven years old and one of nine children living with William and Minnie Hooker in Tutwiler, Mississippi . It is believed that he was born in Tutwiler, in Tallahatchie County , although some sources say his birthplace
6966-512: Was highly successful in influencing the legal status of homeschooling in the United States. In the 1980s, homeschooling was illegal throughout much of the United States for parents who were not themselves trained educators. Today, the United States enjoys some of the most lax laws around homeschool in the world, with most states requiring little to no oversight for homeschooling and no educational requirements for parents. Conservative Evangelical Christian parents were increasingly dissatisfied with
7052-473: Was near Clarksdale , in Coahoma County . He was the youngest of the 11 children of William Hooker (born 1871, died after 1923), a sharecropper and Baptist preacher, and Minnie Ramsey (born c. 1880, date of death unknown). In the 1920 federal census, William and Minnie were recorded as being 48 and 39 years old, respectively, which implies that Minnie was born about 1880, not 1875. She was said to have been
7138-572: Was ranked 35 in Rolling Stone ' s 2015 list of 100 greatest guitarists, and has been cited as one of the greatest male blues vocalists of all time. Some of his best known songs include " Boogie Chillen' " (1948), " Crawling King Snake " (1949), " Dimples " (1956), " Boom Boom " (1962), and " One Bourbon, One Scotch, One Beer " (1966). Several of his later albums, including The Healer (1989), Mr. Lucky (1991), Chill Out (1995), and Don't Look Back (1997), were album chart successes in
7224-517: Was targeted primarily at those who needed to educate their children at home due to ill health, and many of their materials were dispatched to hospitals. 1940 brought the advent of remote education by telephone. In the 1960s, Rousas John Rushdoony began to advocate homeschooling, which he saw as a way to combat the increasingly secular nature of the public school system in the United States. He vigorously attacked progressive school reformers such as Horace Mann and John Dewey , and argued for
7310-496: Was the last American venue at which John Lee Hooker performed before his death in 2001. The Newport was purchased by PromoWest in 1984, reopening as the Newport Music Hall. Located next to the campus of the Ohio State University, Newport Music Hall maintains the preservation of its historical ballroom architecture and the legacy of its past and present performers. With a 2,000 person capacity and hosting over 150,000 guests
7396-482: Was working as a janitor in a Detroit steel mill when his recording career began in 1948, when Modern Records , based in Los Angeles, released a demo he had recorded for Bernie Besman in Detroit. The single, " Boogie Chillen' " , became a hit and the best-selling race record of 1949. Though illiterate, Hooker was a prolific lyricist. In addition to adapting traditional blues lyrics , he composed original songs. In
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