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29-401: The legislature had enacted in 1798 that "as soon as there are one thousand souls within the said counties, and that six of the townships therein do hold town meetings according to law," the government shall constitute them as a separate district; which was done in 1802. The townships of together with the peninsula of Newcastle The townships of with all the tract of land ... which lies to

58-417: A limestone island was connected to the mainland by a sand spit ; this kind of formation is referred to as a tombolo . The park's wetlands are one of the larger wetlands along the north shore of Lake Ontario, and are noteworthy for the many sand ridges running through them, which increases habitat diversity. The mixture of sand dunes, marshes and forests leads to very high plant diversity. In some ways,

87-408: A Canadian Important Bird Area . In all this small park has seven distinct ecosystems. The park area had been selected in 1797 as the site of a town called Newcastle which was to become the county seat. However, on October 8, 1804, the schooner HMS Speedy , which was bringing officials to a trial at the new courthouse, sank offshore with all on board lost. The ship was never found, nor the bodies of

116-681: A combination of high water and low water years over decades. The park's location on Lake Ontario makes it a perfect stop over for migrating birds along the Michigan Flyway . For this reason is it also an important location for viewing migrating birds and monarch butterflies . The park's long beaches make it particularly appealing to migrating shorebirds . Limestone islands near the park area support large nesting colonies of double-crested cormorants , Caspian and common terns , several gull species, great blue herons , great egrets , and black-crowned night-herons . In early spring, Presqu'ile Bay

145-711: Is a north–south flyway for birds migrating from breeding grounds in Alaska and Canada to their overwintering areas in South America, some species travelling as far south as Patagonia . The Allegheny Front flyway in the central Appalachian Mountains is an important flyway for migratory birds traveling from their northern breeding grounds to their southern wintering sites. The East Atlantic Flyway starts from northern North America, Greenland , Iceland , northern Europe and western Siberia and leads to wintering areas in western Europe and North Africa, with some birds continuing down

174-501: Is a park in southeastern Northumberland County on the north shore of Lake Ontario near the town of Brighton in Ontario , Canada. The park occupies an area of 9.37 km (3.62 sq mi). The name of the park is the French word for peninsula, or literally "almost island", and was believed to be named by Samuel De Champlain on his second expedition. The peninsula was formed when

203-504: Is an important staging area for thousands of migrating waterfowl . The park also includes a large marsh which provides nesting habitat for rails , bitterns and other wetland birds. There are also forested areas and open fields: a wide variety of habitats in a relatively small park. There is also a fairly substantial population of white-tailed deer , whose grazing is doing significant damage to native plants in general, and to tree regeneration in particular. Presqu'ile has been identified as

232-536: The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 in the United States resulted in a need for more information on bird migration. Frederick Charles Lincoln was put in charge and improved methods for trapping and banding , developed record-keeping procedures, recruited banders, fostered international cooperation, and promoted banding as a tool for research and wildlife management. He found it was possible to establish

261-499: The Physostegia are a good indicators of panne habitat during the summer. Because of their scarcity and scientific importance, these wetlands have been used to develop and test general models for factors affecting diversity in plant communities. In drier conditions, these pannes grade into more typical sand dune vegetation. In wetter conditions, they grade into rich marshes and sedge meadows, which intergrade with forested sand ridges in

290-493: The "Fingers". This rare and distinctive vegetation type is not mentioned in the park's resource management plan., and has been damaged in the past by factors such as road construction, mowing and planting of exotic tree species. The dunes and wetlands arise out of natural processes, such as the natural high and lower water periods in the Great Lakes. Both the area of wetlands, and the number of plant species in them, depends upon

319-514: The Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. Many bird populations migrate long distances twice a year. The most common pattern involves flying north in the spring to breed in the temperate parts of the northern hemisphere or the Arctic during summer and returning southward in the autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions, often on the other side of the equator. A similar pattern occurs in

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348-738: The Great Lakes, following the lower Ohio River , the Missouri and the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico , and on to Central and South America. There are no mountains on this route. The Central Flyway starts from central Canada and crosses the Great Plains before continuing southwards to the Gulf of Mexico, merging with the Mississippi Flyway. There are no mountain barriers on this route. The Pacific Flyway

377-669: The Waterfowl Weekend in March, History Weekend in August, Parks Day, and Canada Day celebrations. Recreational activities popular at Presqu'ile include cycling, swimming, paddling, fishing, hiking, wildlife viewing, and hunting. Flyway A flyway is a flight path used by large numbers of birds while migrating between their breeding grounds and their overwintering quarters. Flyways generally span continents and often pass over oceans . Although applying to any species of migrating bird,

406-436: The autumn and will depend on such factors as wind direction and the availability of food at staging points. Flyways may not be the shortest route available but may have curves or doglegs. Birds of different species may follow similar routes, and populations from one area may merge with other groups and diverge to reach different destinations. Flyways tend to avoid obstacles such as mountain ranges and oceans, running parallel to

435-408: The barriers and following routes along the coast or along major river valleys. Passerines often fly on a broader front across the terrain, either flying over or circumventing obstacles on the route, according to their evolutionary adaptations. In selecting routes, birds may overcompensate for predicted winds. Terrestrial birds tend to travel over land, raptors need routes where thermals can give them

464-593: The concept was first conceived and applied to waterfowl and shore birds . The flyways can be thought of as wide arterial highways to which the migratory routes of different species are tributaries . An alternative definition is that a flyway is the entire range of a migratory bird, encompassing both its breeding and non-breeding grounds, and the resting and feeding locations it uses while migrating. There are four major north–south flyways in North America and six covering Eurasia, Africa, and Australasia. The passing of

493-747: The current town of Brighton , and then Amherst, later renamed Cobourg . In 1841, the northern part of the District was detached to form the Colborne District , consisting of Peterborough County . It consisted of the following territory: The townships of and In 1850, the district was dissolved, and replaced with the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham that was established for municipal purposes. 44°00′N 78°15′W  /  44°N 78.25°W  / 44; -78.25 Presqu%27ile Provincial Park Presqu'ile Provincial Park

522-509: The dismantling of the golf course and the closure of the hotel and dance pavilion. Presqu'ile was incorporated into the Ontario Parks system in 1954 and has become a popular destination for campers, naturalists, and other users. Presqu'ile has 397 campsites, day use area, beach, store and two visitor centres . The park is aimed at family recreation, and offers a Natural Heritage Education program. The park often holds special events such as

551-721: The flora of this site is therefore similar to the much larger sand spit at Long Point . The long sand spits in Presqu'ile also create natural vegetation gradients from sand dunes and pannes to coniferous and deciduous forest. Sand dunes and pannes are uncommon along the north shore of lake Ontario. Pannes are an unusual moist sand habitat, calcareous and seasonally flooded, similar to a wet prairie or wet meadow . This creates situations with high plant diversity. The pannes support many unusual plants, such as Carex aurea , Cladium mariscoides , Scleria verticillata , Parnassia glauca and Physostegia virginiana . The colourful pink flowers of

580-675: The flyways to help with the management of migratory birds . They studied all migratory birds and established the Mississippi Flyway , Atlantic Flyway , Mountain Flyway , and Pacific Flyway . The Atlantic Flyway starts in northern Canada and Greenland and follows the East Coast of the United States to the Caribbean Sea , and on to the tropical Central America . The Mississippi Flyway starts from northeastern Canada and passes over

609-467: The lift they require, sea birds prefer ocean routes and wetland birds need routes with suitable staging sites; deltas and coastal wetlands provide reliable food sources for this purpose whereas inland wetlands are less predictable. In North America , the flyways used by migratory waterfowl are divided into four geographical paths. Each flyway has a different composition of species and habitat . The United States Fish and Wildlife Service established

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638-419: The north shore of Lake Ontario. In 1922, a private commission was given authority to develop a park at Presqu'ile. In the 20th century, Presqu'ile became popular for recreation, with two kilometres of sandy beaches, a summer hotel and dance pavilion, an annual regatta race, a nine-hole golf course and opportunities for boating. As the decades passed, the type of recreation enjoyed at the park changed which caused

667-747: The northern breeding grounds of water birds in Siberia and leads across Asia to the Indian subcontinent. Little has been published about birds using this flyway. The East Asian–Australasian Flyway starts at the Taymyr Peninsula in Russia and Alaska and extends southwards to southeastern Asia, Australia and New Zealand. This flyway overlaps with the West Pacific Flyway. About 60 species of shorebird use this route. The West Pacific Flyway links New Zealand and

696-573: The passengers and crew. The county seat was moved to nearby Amherst (now Cobourg, Ontario ). In 1840, a lighthouse was completed at Presqu'ile Point. The designer of the 69-foot, octagonal structure was Nicol Hugh Baird . Baird also designed the Murray Canal, parts of the Trent-Severn Waterway and the Rideau Canal . Today, this lighthouse stands as the second oldest operating lighthouse on

725-457: The routes used by waterfowl during their annual migrations and he developed the flyway concept, a key idea in the management and regulation of hunting of migratory birds; by establishing the routes used, estimates of population sizes could be made and suitable protection could be put in place. The special vulnerability of waterfowl and shorebirds on their international migrations, with their specific needs for suitable wetland stopovers, resulted in

754-478: The signing of the Ramsar Convention in 1971. As a result, over 2300 Ramsar sites have been established around the world, many being situated on flyways where they provide the vital habitat needed by the birds on their journeys. "The concept of flyway is essentially an operational concept linked to waterfowl whose populations one wishes to manage over their entire migration space." —Convention on

783-409: The southern hemisphere with birds flying south to breed and north to overwinter, but on a much smaller scale. The flyway, or route, taken by different bird species varies, but each population has its traditional staging points along the route where birds feed to build up their energy reserves to prepare for the next migratory stage; the route used on the spring migration may be different from that used in

812-455: The southward of the small lakes above the Rice Lake , and the communication between them and the communication between the eastern boundary of the township of Hope, and the western boundary of the township of Darlington, produced north fifteen degrees west, until they intersect either of the said lakes, or the communication between them... The district town was originally Newcastle, located near

841-630: The west coast of the continent to South Africa. The Black Sea-Mediterranean Flyway starts from northern and western Siberia and leads across Asia, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to northern Africa. Little has been published about birds using this flyway. The Asian–East African Flyway starts from the northern breeding grounds of water birds in Siberia and leads across Asia to East Africa. Little has been published about birds using this flyway. The Central Asian-Indian Flyway starts from

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