List of forms of government
44-839: The New Zealand Olympic Committee (before 1994, The New Zealand Olympic and Commonwealth Games Association ) is both the National Olympic Committee and the Commonwealth Games Association in New Zealand responsible for selecting athletes to represent New Zealand in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games and the Commonwealth Games . While a founder member of the International Olympic Committee , New Zealand did not send its own team to compete until
88-636: A Compact of Free Association and at other times is erroneously held to mean that Puerto Rico's relationship with the U.S. is based on an Interstate compact . This is a constant source of ambiguity and confusion when trying to define, understand, and explain Puerto Rico's political relationship with the United States. For various reasons Puerto Rico's political status differs from that of the Pacific Islands that entered into Compacts of Free Association with
132-550: A country subdivision by being considered not to be a constituent part of a sovereign state. An administrative subdivision, instead, is understood to be a division of a state proper. A dependent territory, conversely, often maintains a great degree of autonomy from its controlling state. Historically, most colonies were considered to be dependent territories. Not all autonomous entities are considered to be dependent territories. Most inhabited, dependent territories have their own ISO 3166 country codes. Some political entities inhabit
176-407: A board that is headed by a president. Five of the board members are elected by the general assembly. The two IOC members plus an athletes' representative complete the board. Since November 2022, the president is Liz Dawson . Presidents National Olympic Committee A National Olympic Committee ( NOC ) is a national constituent of the worldwide Olympic movement. Subject to the controls of
220-573: A depiction of a silver fern (New Zealand's sporting emblem) superimposed on the Olympic Rings was created as a marketing symbol in 1979 (which was initially in all-white on a black background). It was first publicly used at an Olympic Games at the Games of the XXII Olympiad (Moscow 1980 , in which observers thought that the fern was an olive branch of peace)—New Zealand competed under this flag to protest
264-563: A result of the Jones–Shafroth Act . The commonly used name in Spanish of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico , literally "Associated Free State of Puerto Rico", which sounds similar to "free association" particularly when loosely used in Spanish, is sometimes erroneously interpreted to mean that Puerto Rico's relationship with the United States is based on
308-452: A special position guaranteed by an international treaty or another agreement, thereby creating a certain level of autonomy (e.g. a difference in immigration rules). Those entities are sometimes considered to be, or are at least grouped with, dependent territories, but are officially considered by their governing states to be an integral part of those states. Such an example is Åland , an autonomous region of Finland . The lists below include
352-633: A territorial claim in Antarctica. Norway has one dependent territory and two Antarctic claims. Norway also possesses the inhabited islands of Svalbard where Norwegian sovereignty is limited ( see below ). The United Kingdom has three " Crown Dependencies ", thirteen "Overseas Territories" (ten autonomous, two used primarily as military bases, and one uninhabited), and one Antarctic claim. The United States has 13 " unincorporated " dependent territories under its administration and two claimed territories outside its control. The uninhabited Palmyra Atoll
396-426: Is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state and remains politically outside the controlling state's integral area. As such, a dependent territory includes a range of non-integrated not fully to non-independent territory types, from associated states to non-self-governing territories (e.g. a colony ). A dependent territory is commonly distinguished from
440-543: Is a member of the CIJM. 5: National Olympic committee also the national Commonwealth Games Association. 1: Israel was a member of the OCA, but was expelled from the organization between 1952 and 1981. Joined the EOC in 1994. 2: National Olympic Committee is a member of the CIJM. 3: National Olympic committee also the national Commonwealth Games Association. 4: National Olympic Committee
484-425: Is administered similarly to some of these territories, and is usually included on lists of U.S. overseas territories, but it is excluded from this list because it is classified in U.S. law as an incorporated territory. The U.S. Constitution does not apply in full to the insular areas. US-GU US-MP US-PR US-VI US-AS The following entities are, according to the law of their state, integral parts of
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#1732848799424528-580: Is also National Commonwealth Games Association 1: National Olympic committee also a member of the Commonwealth Games Federation 1: National Olympic Committee is a member of the UANOC. 2: National Olympic Committee is a member of the OCA but not an ANOC member. 3: Official name used by the IOC, ANOC and OCA for the [REDACTED] Republic of China (Taiwan). 4: National Olympic Committee
572-559: Is suspended by the IOC. 1: National Olympic Committee is an associate member of the ONOC but not an ANOC member. The NOCs are all members of the Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC), which is also split among five continental associations: See the article for each continental association for the complete lists of all NOCs. The Faroe Islands and Macau both have recognized National Paralympic Committees and compete at
616-658: The 1956 or 1964 Winter Olympics. New Zealand has sent a team to every Commonwealth Games since the first in 1930, which was held in Canada and then called the British Empire Games . They are held every four years, in between the Olympic Games. The NZOC (New Zealand Olympic Committee) is a member of the International Olympic Committee and the Commonwealth Games Federation . The NZOC emblem consisting of
660-684: The BES islands ( Bonaire , Sint Eustatius , and Saba ) of the Netherlands; Jan Mayen of Norway; and Palmyra Atoll of the United States. Entities with only limited unique autonomy, such as Barbuda of Antigua and Barbuda; Sabah and Sarawak of Malaysia; the two autonomous regions (the Azores and Madeira ) of Portugal; Nevis of Saint Kitts and Nevis; the Canary Islands and the two autonomous cities ( Ceuta and Melilla ) of Spain; Northern Ireland of
704-715: The British Virgin Islands , and the Cayman Islands ), one constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands ( Aruba ) and one special administrative region of China ( Hong Kong ). Prior to 1996, rules for recognizing dependent territories or constituent countries as separate countries within the IOC were not as strict as those within the United Nations , which allowed these territories to field teams separately from their sovereign state. Following an amendment to
748-653: The Faroe Islands , Gibraltar , Greenland , Macau , New Caledonia and French Polynesia can also no longer be recognized, so athletes from these territories can only participate in the Olympics as part of their parent nation's national team. This rule also applies to territories experiencing a change in status – the Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee was dissolved at the 123rd IOC session in July 2011 as
792-966: The Government of the Netherlands ). All citizens of the Dutch Kingdom share the same nationality and are thus citizens of the European Union , but only the European portion of the Kingdom is a part of the territory of the Union, the Customs Union , and the Eurozone while other areas have overseas countries and territory status. NL-AW NL-CW NL-SX Norway has, in the Arctic, one inhabited archipelago with restrictions placed on Norwegian sovereignty — Svalbard . Unlike
836-492: The International Olympic Committee , NOCs are responsible for organizing their people's participation in the Olympic Games . They may nominate cities within their respective areas as candidates for future Olympic Games. NOCs also promote the development of athletes and the training of coaches and officials at a national level within their geographies. As of 2023, there are 206 National Olympic Committees. These include each of
880-584: The Netherlands Antilles ceased to exist in 2010. For those countries and territories that are part of the Commonwealth of Nations , their National Olympic Committees usually also serve as the members of the Commonwealth Games Association , though not for the constituent countries of the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland), nor for Canada or Australia, who maintain separate organisations for Commonwealth and Olympic sport. For
924-555: The Northern Mariana Islands , Anguilla , Montserrat , Turks & Caicos Islands , Transnistria , Kurdistan , Northern Cyprus , Somaliland , Abkhazia , and Native Americans . It was reported in 2014 that South Ossetia intend to establish a National Olympic Committee. [REDACTED] Vatican [REDACTED] Vatican Dependent territory A dependent territory , dependent area , or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory )
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#1732848799424968-644: The Paralympic Games . However, neither territory's National Olympic Committee is recognized by the IOC, so they cannot participate in the Olympics. Macau remains recognized by the Olympic Council of Asia and takes part in the Asian Games . Other existing countries/regions with unrecognized Olympic committees: Catalonia , Gibraltar , French Polynesia , Niue , New Caledonia , Curaçao , Guadeloupe , French Guiana , Martinique , Sint Maarten ,
1012-527: The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan . It went to its current coloured version in 1994. The NZOC (New Zealand Olympic Committee) is the National Olympic Committee for New Zealand. The NZOC was founded in 1911 and recognised by the IOC in 1919. Former New Zealand members of the International Olympic Committee are: Current International Olympic Committee (IOC) members are: The NZOC is governed by
1056-528: The constitution and respective basic laws. The SARs greatly differ from Mainland China in administrative, economic, legislative, and judicial terms including by currency, left-hand versus right-hand traffic , official languages, and immigration control. Although the PRC does claim sovereignty over Taiwan (governed by the Republic of China ), it is not listed here as the PRC government does not have de facto control of
1100-641: The 193 member states of the United Nations , one UN observer state ( Palestine ), two states without UN recognition ( Kosovo and Taiwan ) and one associated state of New Zealand (the Cook Islands ). There are also nine dependent territories with recognized NOCs: four territories of the United States ( American Samoa , Guam , Puerto Rico , and the United States Virgin Islands ), three British Overseas Territories ( Bermuda ,
1144-515: The Games of the VI Olympiad ( Antwerp 1920 ), though at the 1908 and 1912 Summer Olympics New Zealand and Australia competed as "Australasia". New Zealand has sent a team to every Summer Olympic Games since 1920, though only a token team of four went to the 1980 Summer Olympics at Moscow due to the boycott . New Zealand first competed at the Winter Olympics in 1952 , but did not compete in
1188-539: The Olympic Charter in 1996, NOC recognition can only be granted after recognition as an independent country by the international community. Since the rule does not apply retroactively , the dependent territories and constituent countries which were recognized before the rule change are allowed to continue sending separate teams to the Olympics, while the Faroe Islands and Macau send their own Paralympic teams. The only state which thus qualifies to participate in
1232-757: The Olympic Games. The five continental Olympic associations are: The IOC runs the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games as competitions in which all IOC-recognized NOCs can participate. Each continent also runs its own championships for their members: While not continental unions in themselves, the Union of Arab National Olympic Committees (UANOC) and International Committee of Mediterranean Games (CIJM) organize multi-sport events between Arabic-speaking countries and Mediterranean countries respectively. All 22 National Olympic Committees that form
1276-497: The UANOC and the 26 from CIJM are also members of either the ANOCA, EOC or OCA and are eligible to send their athletes to either the African, European or Asian Games. National Olympic Committees from the UANOC and CIJM are noted in the list below. 1: National Olympic Committee is a member of the UANOC. 2: National Olympic Committee is a member of the CIJM. 3: National Olympic Committee
1320-796: The UK. The UK Parliament retains the ability to legislate for the crown dependencies even without the agreement of their legislatures. No crown dependency has representation in the UK Parliament. Although they are British Overseas Territories , Bermuda and Gibraltar have similar relationships to the UK as do the Crown Dependencies. While the United Kingdom is officially responsible for their defence and international representation, these jurisdictions maintain their own militaries and have been granted limited diplomatic powers, in addition to having internal self-government. New Zealand and its dependencies share
1364-399: The United Kingdom; and entities with non-recognized unique autonomy, such as Kurdistan of Iraq; Wa of Myanmar; Gaza of Palestine; Puntland of Somalia; Rojava of Syria; and Zanzibar of Tanzania are also not included. All claims in Antarctica are listed in italics . Australia has six external territories in its administration and one Antarctic claim. Debate remains as to whether
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1408-524: The United States was approved in 1976. The covenant was fully implemented on November 3, 1986, under Presidential Proclamation no. 5564, which conferred U.S. citizenship on legally qualified CNMI residents. Under the Constitution of Puerto Rico , Puerto Rico is described as a Commonwealth and Puerto Ricans have a degree of administrative autonomy similar to that of a citizen of a U.S. state . Puerto Ricans "were collectively made U.S. citizens " in 1917, as
1452-614: The United States. As sovereign states, these islands have the full right to conduct their foreign relations, while the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has territorial status subject to U.S. congressional authority under the Constitution's Territory Clause, "to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory… belonging to the United States." Puerto Rico does not have the right to unilaterally declare independence, and at
1496-591: The country's dependent territory ( Bouvet Island ) and Antarctic claims ( see above ), Svalbard is a part of the Kingdom of Norway. Three Crown Dependencies are in a form of association with the United Kingdom. They are independently administrated jurisdictions, although the British Government is solely responsible for defence and international representation and has ultimate responsibility for ensuring good government. They do not have diplomatic recognition as independent states, but neither are they integrated into
1540-564: The external territories are integral parts of Australia, due to their not being part of Australia in 1901, when its constituent states federated (with the exception of the Coral Sea Islands , which was a part of Queensland ). Norfolk Island was self-governing from 1979 to 2016. The external territories are often grouped separately from Australia proper for statistical purposes. The People's Republic of China (PRC) has two special administrative regions (SARs) that are governed according to
1584-511: The following: This list includes all territories that have not been legally incorporated into their governing state, including several territories that are not on the list of non-self-governing territories of the General Assembly of the United Nations . All claims in Antarctica are listed in italics . New Zealand has two self-governing associated states , one dependent territory, and
1628-577: The future is the Vatican City , a UN observer state. Niue , an associated state of New Zealand, could also be eligible as it conducts its own foreign relations and participates independently in UN specialized agencies and treaties, though this is unclear. Currently, all other remaining states are ineligible to join the IOC as they are not recognized by a majority of United Nations member countries. Constituent countries and dependent territories such as Curaçao ,
1672-404: The last referendum (1998), the narrow majority voted for "none of the above", which was a formally undefined alternative used by commonwealth supporters to express their desire for an "enhanced commonwealth" option. This kind of relationship can also be found in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which is termed a federacy . The European continental part is organised like a unitary state. However,
1716-468: The other Commonwealth members, their NOCs are responsible for organising and overseeing their national teams at the Commonwealth Games . This section lists the current: The ANOC members are eligible to enter the Olympic Games . Some National Olympic Committees who are members of a continental Olympic association but not ANOC members compete in continental-level and subregional-level tournaments. These committees, however, are not allowed to participate in
1760-533: The same governor-general and constitute one monarchic realm . The Cook Islands and Niue are officially termed associated states . Puerto Rico (since 1952) and the Northern Mariana Islands (since 1986) are non-independent states freely associated with the United States. The mutually negotiated Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) in Political Union with
1804-843: The same status as the regions of metropolitan France . Nonetheless, all of France's overseas territory is considered an integral part of the French Republic . FR-PF FR-BL FR-MF FR-PM FR-WF FR-NC FR-TF The Kingdom of the Netherlands comprises three autonomous "constituent countries" in the Caribbean (listed below) and one constituent country, the Netherlands , with most of its area in Europe but also encompassing three overseas Caribbean municipalities — Bonaire , Sint Eustatius , and Saba (these three Caribbean municipalities are excluded here because they are directly administered by
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1848-502: The state but exhibit many characteristics of dependent territories. This list is generally limited to entities that are either subject to an international treaty on their status, uninhabited, or have a unique level of autonomy and are largely self-governing in matters other than international affairs. It generally does not include entities with no unique autonomy, such as the five overseas departments and regions ( French Guiana , Guadeloupe , Martinique , Mayotte , and Réunion ) of France;
1892-424: The status of its "constituent countries" in the Caribbean ( Aruba , Curaçao , and Sint Maarten ) can be considered akin to dependencies or "associated non-independent states." The Kingdom of Denmark also operates similarly, akin to another federacy. The Faroe Islands and Greenland are two self-governing territories or regions within the Kingdom. The relationship between Denmark proper and these two territories
1936-615: The territory. CN-HK CN-MO The Kingdom of Denmark contains two autonomous territories with their own governments and legislatures, and input into foreign affairs. Finland has one autonomous region that is also subject to international treaties. FI-01 France has overseas six autonomous collectivities and two uninhabited territories (one of which includes an Antarctic claim). This does not include its "standard" overseas regions (which are also overseas departments ) of French Guiana , Guadeloupe , Martinique , Mayotte , and Réunion . Although also located overseas, they have
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