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76-525: New Reformation: Notes of a Neolithic Conservative is a 1970 book of social commentary by Paul Goodman best known as his apologia pro vita sua before his death two years later. Its first essay addresses misuse of scientific discovery by government. Contending that technology is a type of moral philosophy , not science, he advocates for technologists to advise on the proper use of technology and greater technological decentralization. He promotes reducing cars and encouraging space exploration. Goodman draws

152-530: A speakers bureau , or by other means. Public speaking plays a large role in the professional world. It is believed that 70 percent of all jobs involve some form of public speaking. New technology has opened different forms of public speaking that are non-traditional such as TED Talks , which are conferences that are broadcast globally. This form of public speaking has created a wider audience base because public speaking can now reach both physical and virtual audiences. These audiences can be watching from all around

228-408: A certain "incident" that occurred and secret police are dispatched to kill people who remember the event or don't take the pills and the citizens are forced to wear masks that mold faces in permanent smiles. The main character is presented with a choice at the start of the game: to take the "happiness pill" or to abstain. If the player takes the pill, the game ends and the credits roll , whereas if

304-694: A club such as Rostrum , Toastmasters International , Association of Speakers Clubs (ASC), or Speaking Circles , in which members are assigned exercises to improve their speaking skills. Members learn by observation and practice and hone their skills by listening to constructive suggestions, followed by new public speaking exercises. Toastmasters International is a public speaking organization with over 15,000 clubs worldwide and more than 300,000 members. This organization helps individuals with their public speaking skills, as well as leadership skills necessary to become effective public speakers such as content development, club development, and speech contests. Members of

380-475: A communication tool effectively, and continuously researching their topic area of focus. They also recognize that content is king and advocate writing as a self-training exercise because it requires a speaker to focus on developing the content, not just speaking techniques. Public speaking for business and commercial events is often done by professionals, whose expertise is well established. These speakers can be contracted independently, through representation by

456-412: A connection between the speaker's concern and the audience's interest. Chinese rhetoric analyzes public speakers based on three standards: Although evidence of public speaking training exists in ancient Egypt , the first known writing on oratory is 2,000 years old from ancient Greece . This work elaborates on principles drawn from the practices and experiences of ancient Greek orators. Aristotle

532-692: A final analogy between his contemporary times and the Protestant Reformation . The book marked Goodman's schism from the countercultural student movement , which he saw as growing in ignorance and frail ideology, and who saw him as bourgeois. Writing in 2010, author Kerry Howley assessed Goodman's core distrust as having withstood the test of time (i.e., in CIA and FBI hidden government and in major political parties to protect civil liberties and not pursue war). She found his style to overprocess and sabotage ideas he intended to germinate, often extinguishing

608-564: A flight to Germany . An early radio monologist was the American Will Rogers , with sharp and good-humored observations upon society during the 1920s and 1930s. Current American monologists include: There are a number of discussion shows that do not have a call in segments, but which sometimes have discussions (beyond mere interviews) with personages of current interest. In the United States of America, some such shows include: In

684-457: A group of teachers called Sophists , who taught paying students how to speak effectively using their methods. Separately from the Sophists, Socrates , Plato , and Aristotle developed their theories of public speaking, teaching these principles to students interested in learning rhetorical skills. Plato founded The Academy and Aristotle founded The Lyceum to teach these skills. Demosthenes

760-443: A high value on ethics. Ancient Chinese rhetoric had three objectives: (i) using language to reflect people's feelings; (ii) using language to be more pointed, effective, and impactful; and (iii) using rhetoric as an "aesthetic tool." Chinese rhetoric traditionally focused more on the written than the spoken word, but both share similar characteristics of construction. A unique and key difference between Chinese and Western rhetoric

836-631: A higher level of self-confidence and helping to render community well-being with access to a variety of information. Harvard University offers a range of courses in public speaking, including persuasive communication and personal narratives. With the continued popularity of academic conferences and TED talks taking place worldwide, public speaking has become an essential subject in academia for scholarly and professional advancement. Additionally, work meetings and presentations require proficiency in public speaking to actively formulate ideas and solutions, and modern technology helps companies release information to

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912-412: A notable increase in the number of training solutions, offered in the form of video and online courses. Videos can provide simulated examples of behaviors to emulate. Professional public speakers often engage in ongoing training and education to refine their craft. This may include seeking guidance to improve their speaking skills, such as learning better storytelling techniques, learning how to use humor as

988-642: A powerful orator, who led many women to rebel through militant forms until the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Kishida Toshiko (1861–1901) was a female speaker during the Meiji era in Japan . In October 1883, she publicly delivered a speech entitled 'Hakoiri Musume' (Daughters Kept in Boxes) in front of approximately 600 people. Presented in Yotsu no Miya Theater in Kyoto , she criticized

1064-482: A similar function to the letters section described above. It is ripe with social commentary because it allows the dissemination of ideas by anyone with a computer to a potentially enormous audience, as well as instant comment and discussion. Its international scope is particularly attractive, with language the only major barrier to communication. Discussion and debate occurs in many forums and chat rooms . Public speaking Public speaking , also called oratory ,

1140-504: A social commentary and one can find some degree of social commentary in almost any novel. To Kill a Mockingbird can be interpreted as a commentary on racial issues, especially given the date of its publication (1960). Another example of social commentary is Thomas More 's Utopia in which he uses the Utopia to satirize the values of 16th century Britain. Social commentaries have been searched for even in fantasy novels such as The Lord of

1216-416: A topic will respond to comments from listeners after an introductory interactive discussion directed by the moderator, with only the obstreperous or extreme caller summarily terminated. What is probably the most common social commentary is that of the editorial section of newspapers, where columnists give their opinion on current affairs. The letters section of papers allows a similar platform for members of

1292-439: A wider audience. The intervention style of speaking is a relatively new method proposed by rhetorical theorist William R. Brown. This style revolves around the theory of idealism , which holds that humans create a symbolic meaning for life and the things around them. Due to this, the symbolic meaning of everything changes based on the way one communicates. When approaching communication with an intervention style, communication

1368-523: Is helpful for large conference meetings and face-to-face communication between parties without demanding the inconvenience of travel. An organization called the Penguin Club of Australia was founded in Sydney in 1937 and aimed at developing women's communication skills. Led by Jean Ellis, the organization spread to other territories of Australia and current-day Papua New Guinea over time. A main premise of

1444-468: Is known for sticking pebbles into his mouth to improve his pronunciation, talking while running so that he would not lose his breath, and practicing speaking in front of a mirror to improve his delivery. When Philip II, the ruler of Macedon, tried to conquer the Greeks, Demosthenes made a speech called Kata Philippou A. In this speech, he spoke about why he opposed Philip II as a threat to all of Greece. This

1520-494: Is known to produce street art that raises public issues such as slave Labour, loss of childhood and the effects of war. Social commentary photography's purpose is to "expose social issues on ethics, society, religious, the way of life, how people live and other similarities." Sometimes this includes the harsh reality of society such as homelessness, discrimination, war and defenceless children. "Social Commentary artists try their best to create artworks in order to convey messages to

1596-443: Is often mentioned as one of the most common phobias. The reason is uncertain, but it has been speculated that this fear is primal, similar to how animals fear being seen by predators. The apprehension experienced when speaking in public can have several causes, such as social anxiety disorder , or a prior experience of public humiliation. This can be related to stage fright . Effective public speaking can be developed by joining

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1672-422: Is persuaded by considering people's interests and how the society in which they live influences their interests. In his writing De Inventione , Cicero explained the five canons or tenets of rhteoric. The five canons apply to rhetoric and public speaking. The five canons are invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery. The fear of speaking in public, known as glossophobia or public speaking anxiety,

1748-521: Is required, they will use a combination of storytelling and informational approaches to achieve their goals. Persuasion is a term derived from the Latin word "persuadere." Persuasive speaking aims to change the audience's beliefs and is commonly used in political debates. Leaders use such public forums in an attempt to persuade their audience, whether they be the general public or government officials. Persuasive speaking involves four essential elements: (i)

1824-408: Is similar to dialect : he defines both as being acts of persuasion. However, dialect is the act of persuading someone in private, whereas rhetoric is about persuading people in a public setting. Aristotle defines someone who practices rhetoric or a "rhetorician" as an individual who can comprehend persuasion and how it is applied. Aristotle divides rhetoric into three elements: (i) the speaker; (ii)

1900-453: Is the audience targeted for persuasion. In Chinese rhetoric, state rulers were the audience, whereas Western rhetoric targets the public. Another difference between Chinese and Western rhetoric practices is how a speaker establishes credibility or Ethos . In Chinese rhetoric, the speaker does not focus on individual credibility, like Western rhetoric. Instead, the speaker focuses on collectivism by sharing personal experiences and establishing

1976-410: Is the practice of delivering speeches to a live audience. Throughout history, public speaking has held significant cultural, religious, and political importance, emphasizing the necessity of effective rhetorical skills. The ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius , a key figure in the study of public speaking, advocated for speeches that could profoundly affect individuals, including those not present in

2052-469: Is to inform or change the audience's thoughts and actions. The function of public speaking is determined by the speaker's intent, but it is possible for the same speaker, with the same intent, to deliver substantially different speeches to different audiences. Public speaking is frequently directed at a select and sometimes restricted audience, consisting of individuals who may hold different perspectives. This audience can encompass enthusiastic supporters of

2128-501: Is understood to be responsible for the constant changes in society, behaviors, and how one considers the meaning behind objects, ideologies, and everyday life. From an interventional perspective, when individuals communicate, they are intervening with what is already a reality and might "shift symbolic reality." This approach to communication encompasses the possibility or idea that one may be responsible for unexpected outcomes due to what and how one communicates. This perspective widens

2204-574: The Roman Empire , though less central to political life than during the Republic, remained important in law and entertainment. Famous orators were celebrities in ancient Rome, becoming wealthy and prominent in society. The ornate Latin style was the primary form of oration through the mid-20th century. After World War II and the increased use of film and television, the Latin oration style began to fall out of favor. This cultural change likely had to do with

2280-461: The big lie means of oratory. This has been further intensified through the recent evolution of mass media in most nations. Public speaking can often take an educational form, where the speaker transfers knowledge to an audience. TED Talks are an example of educational public speaking. The speakers inform their audience about different topics, such as science, technology, religion, economics, human society , and psychology . TED speakers can use

2356-762: The Duck . Many other even more explicitly provocative comics (usually with a far left of center point of view) appear in various free weekly newspapers such as the San Francisco Bay Guardian and the East Bay Express (in the San Francisco Bay Area ) and the Village Voice (in New York City ), and similarly in many other locals, often those with a strong university or college presence. The web performs

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2432-539: The Earth a better place, however without the input of many passionate individuals the UNGA would not be able to achieve this. Influential public speakers such as Pope Francis , Malala Yousafzai , President Barack Obama and Queen Elizabeth II , comment of society's issues. This allows the UNGA to directly listen to the issues at hand and address them accordingly. Allegorical fictional works such as Animal Farm clearly contain

2508-487: The Rings , though such connections often require much conjecture, or in modern satirical fables. Directly speaking to a topic in the social discourse in writing by defining the audience, the bounds of the topic, and the presenting facts and opinions based on the primarily author and possibly on another's perspective. Fictional works in these mediums have a similar scope to that of their literary counterparts and documentaries to

2584-609: The Roman philosopher and orator Cicero categorized public speaking into three purposes: judicial (courtroom), deliberative (political), and demonstrative (ceremonial), closely aligning with Aristotle's classifications. In modern times, public speaking remains a highly valued skill in various sectors, including government, industry, and advocacy. It has also evolved with the advent of digital technologies, incorporating video conferencing , multimedia presentations, and other innovative forms of communication. The main objective of public speaking

2660-572: The action of parents that shelter their daughters from the outside world. Despite her prompt arrest, Kishida demonstrated the ability of Japanese women to evoke women's issues, experiences, and liberation in public spaces, through the use of public speaking. Malala Yousafzai , a public speaker born in the Swat Valley in Pakistan , is an educational activist for women and girls. After the Taliban restricted

2736-539: The ancient Greeks capture how they taught and developed the art of public speaking thousands of years ago. In classical Greece and Rome, rhetoric was the main component of composition and speech delivery, both critical skills for use in public and private life. In ancient Greece, citizens spoke for themselves rather than having professionals, such as modern lawyers, speak for them. Any citizen who wished to succeed in court, politics, or social life had to learn public speaking techniques. Rhetorical tools were first taught by

2812-412: The attempt to persuade by making the argument of the case so clear and valid that the audience will understand and believe that the speaker's point is real. In the last part of "Rhetoric", Aristotle mentions that the most critical piece of persuasion is to know in detail what makes up government and to attack what makes it unique: "customs, institutions, and interest". Aristotle also states that everyone

2888-589: The audience. He believed that words possess the power to inspire actions capable of changing the world. In the Western tradition, public speaking was extensively studied in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome , where it was a fundamental component of rhetoric, analyzed by prominent thinkers. Aristotle , the ancient Greek philosopher, identified three types of speeches: deliberative (political), forensic (judicial), and epideictic (ceremonial or demonstrative). Similarly,

2964-460: The character of a speaker is effective in persuasion because the audience will believe what the speaker is saying to be true if the speaker is credible and trustworthy. With the audience's emotional state, Aristotle believes that individuals do not make the same decisions when in different moods. Because of this, one needs to try to influence the audience by being in control of one's emotions, making persuasion effective. The argument itself can affect

3040-481: The club meet and work together on their skills; each member practices giving speeches, while the other members evaluate and provide feedback. A typical meeting also includes Table Topics , which refers to impromptu speaking , that is, talking about different topics without having anything planned. Members can volunteer to serve as a meeting functionary to help facilitate the meeting using their public speaking and leadership skills. The functionary roles enable each member

3116-524: The common use of double entendre , humour and metaphor as well as monikers to avoid legal complications (see Calypso Music ). The slasher film The Texas Chain Saw Massacre also uses animal rights social commentary, in the form of the movie being a metaphor , the chainsaw victims being treated like animals in slaughterhouses and then put into fridges, tenderised , and hung on meat hooks and in an interview, Russel Simmons said: "The way that woman

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3192-727: The community." Due to the fact that the photos are of real life situations, the contents can be perceived to be more confronting than other visual forms of social commentary. An example are the works of photojournalist and war photographer James Nachtwey . James Nachtwey's works include the Rwanda Genocide (1994), the Somalia famine (1992) and the Jakarta Riots (1998) and the September 11 attacks in 2001. Most public speaking constitutes social commentary of some form. Many sermons will describe

3268-482: The crucible of modernity." This notion has been present in art throughout time. An example is Vincent Van Gogh's 1885 painting ' The Potato Eaters '. This picture depicts a group of poverty stricken people gathered in a small room around a table. Vincent Van Gogh created this piece of artwork in order to present a confronting time to the viewer. A modern example is street art , also known as graffiti . With an international reputation, artist and political activist Banksy

3344-634: The educational rights of women in the Swat Valley, Yousafzai presented her first speech How Dare the Taliban Take Away My Basic Right to Education?, in which she protested the shutdowns of the schools. She presented this speech to the press in Peshawar , bringing more awareness to the situation in Pakistan. She is known for her "inspiring and passionate speech" about educational rights given at

3420-567: The ills of society and offer religious solutions. Many politicians may speak in a similar fashion – in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar one can see Mark Antony 's funeral speech as a commentary. The larger audience offered by radio and television has diminished the significance of public speaking as a means of social commentary. The United Nations General Assembly is one of the biggest global organisations that focus of planet Earth and humans. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) strive to make

3496-409: The internet , in order to strengthen their argument, stance or proposal; This has only evolved during the modern era, having been generally unavailable at the current rate in the years beforehand with the exception of media via newspapers , television , although claims given by speakers have often been subject to inaccurate information provided by the aforementioned, often in direct correlation with

3572-412: The interview, he also states his opinions on government action, requesting school classes on drugs , “real” sex education , scams , religious cults , police brutality , apartheid , American racism , poverty , and food insecurity . Other subjects such as foreign languages , are written off by 2Pac, saying that he doesn't need to learn German , he says he can hardly pay his rent, let alone book

3648-461: The joy out of otherwise interesting, subversive thoughts. This article about a sociology -related book is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Social commentary Two examples of strong and bitter social commentary are the writings of Anglo-Irish writer Jonathan Swift and German priest Martin Luther . Swift decried the appalling conditions faced by Irish Catholics under

3724-463: The late 20th century through the present, radio and television phone-in shows allow limited discussion and sometimes debate on such issues, although if involving politics or issues exploited for political purposes the discussion is often directed by the "moderator" toward a specific point of view, typically by terminating non-conforming phone calls. In more balanced forums it is common that a panel of well-known social commentators or experts on aspects of

3800-631: The memorable image of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 may be considered one of the most profound commentaries of the power of the individual. Inspiration for some artists can come from issues that are present today. Deborah Silverman, Professor of History and Art History at the University of California in Los Angeles, states that the "Analysis of particular visual forms expands to an interpretation of art and artists as carriers of cultural history in

3876-710: The non-fiction works described above. Television and films often use powerful images to enhance their message, for example, Michael Moore 's films utilise this to great effect in promoting his political beliefs. Some examples of films include Food, Inc. , The Story of Stuff featuring Annie Leonard , and Morgan Spurlock 's Super Size Me . And to a lesser degree, the prominent Italian exploitation film Cannibal Holocaust uses graphic violence, shocking imagery, and underlying topics in anthropology to express Ruggero Deodato 's distaste for modern society – more importantly – what it has become. West Indian calypsonians participate annually in songwriting competitions with

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3952-428: The occasion. At the meetings, speakers can gain skills by presenting speeches, while members provide feedback to those presenting. Qualified speaking trainers attend these meetings as well, and provide professional feedback at the end of the meetings. There are competitions that are held for members to participate in. An online club is also available for members, no matter where they live. The new millennium has seen

4028-460: The opportunity to speak at least one time at the meetings. Members can participate in a variety of speech contests, in which the winners can compete in the annual World Championship of Public Speaking . Rostrum is another public speaking organization, founded in Australia , with more than 100 clubs all over the country. This organization aims at helping people become better communicators, no matter

4104-448: The organization was that it was created "for women by women." They renamed to "Speaking Made Easy" in 2020. The British political activist, Emmeline Pankhurst , founded the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) on October 10, 1903. The organization was aimed towards fighting for women's right to a parliamentary vote, which only men were granted at the time. Emmeline was known for being

4180-495: The platform to share personal experiences with traumatic events , such as abuse, bullying, grief, assault , suicidal ideation , near-death encounters, and mental illness. They may attempt to raise awareness and acceptance of stigmatizing issues, such as disabilities, racial differences, LGBTQ rights, children's rights , and women's rights. There have been many studies that have proven the benefits of teaching public speaking strategies to students in an academic setting, including

4256-490: The player pick the latter, they begin the game. George Orwell's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is also written as a critique of totalitarianism . A lot of hip hop associated with gangsta rap or conscious rap uses sociopolitical commentary, such as N.W.A's protest song " Fuck Tha Police " or Chamillionaire and Krayzie Bone's " Ridin ", typically against black racial profiling and police brutality and music from gangsta rap artist 2Pac also speak of

4332-426: The poets), preliminary exercises ( progymnasmata ), and preparation of public speeches (declamation) in both forensic and deliberative genres. The Latin style of rhetoric was heavily influenced by Cicero and emphasized a broad education in all areas of the humanities . Other areas of rhetorical study included the use of wit and humor, the appeal to the listener's emotions , and the use of digressions . Oratory in

4408-539: The poverty in inner cities and racism in the United States and 1991 2Pac song Trapped discusses an incident in which 2Pac was assaulted by a police officer and talks about police brutality in the United States . In a 1988 interview about societal perspective, rapper 2Pac said “More kids are being handed crack than being handed diplomas.” and "Society is like that. They’ll let you go as far as you want, but as soon as you start asking too many questions and you’re ready to change, boom, that block will come". In

4484-562: The protagonists are cyber vigilantes that rebel against an all-seeing government, uses social commentary against mass surveillance . 1999 film The Matrix and 1932 book Brave New World provide commentary on the Blissful ignorance effect , where in The Matrix, the protagonist named Neo can choose the red pill, a dark truth, or the blue pill, a blissful lie to stay in the Matrix or to wake up in

4560-457: The public. Editorial cartoons , such as those in The New Yorker , perform a social commentary, often with a humorous slant. The conventional comic section is more limited, but sometimes with social commentary, often subtle and oblique, or more bold, abrasive, and consistently pointed as in, Li'l Abner , Pogo , Doonesbury , Bloom County , and Boondocks or in pulp comics such as Howard

4636-460: The real world and in Brave New World the character has a choice whether or not to take soma , a drug used by the totalitarian government to keep the people happy and docile, both inspired by Plato's Cave which some consider a metaphor for life. In a similar situation, the fascist government of video game We Happy Few use drugs to keep people in a state of mania , to forget

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4712-462: The rise of the scientific method and the emphasis on a "plain" style of speaking and writing. Even today's formal oratory is much less ornate than in the Classical Era. In one of his most famed writings, " Rhetoric ", written in 350 BCE, Aristotle described mastering the art of public speaking. In this and other works by Aristotle, rhetoric is the act of publicly persuading an audience. Rhetoric

4788-598: The rule of the Protestant Ascendancy in A Modest Proposal , while Martin Luther decried corruption in the Catholic Church in his Ninety-five Theses . Examples of social commentators from the lower social strata are Charles Dickens and Will Rogers . This list is far from exhaustive. Examples of social commentary may be found in any form of communication. Artistic works of all mediums are often defined by what they say about society. Despite being wordless,

4864-562: The scope of focus from a single speaker who is intervening to a multitude of speakers all communicating and intervening, simultaneously affecting the world around us. Ancient China had a delayed start to implementing rhetoric because there were no rhetoricians training students. It was understood that Chinese rhetoric was part of Chinese philosophy, which schools taught focusing on two concepts: "Wen" (rhetoric); and "Zhi" (thoughtful content). Ancient Chinese rhetoric shows strong connections with modern public speaking, as Chinese rhetoric placed

4940-401: The speaker and the audience, and choose words with strong connotations to intensify a message's impact. Rhetorical questions, anecdotes, generalizations, exaggerations, metaphors, and irony may be employed to increase the likelihood of persuading an audience. Though historically uncommon, speakers today are enabled to utilise statistics , data as well as other sources of information, such as

5016-407: The speaker can effectively influence an audience to agree and support the speaker's ideas. In Aristotle's "Rhetoric" writing, he mentions three strategies someone can use to try to persuade an audience: Establishing the character of a speaker ( Ethos ), influencing the emotional element of the audience ( Pathos ), and focusing on the argument specifically ( Logos ). Aristotle believes establishing

5092-419: The speaker or persuader; (ii) the audience; (iii) the speaking method; and (iv) the message the speaker is trying to convey. When attempting to persuade an audience to change their opinions, a speaker appeals to their emotions and beliefs. Various techniques exist for speakers to gain audience support. Speakers can demand action from the audience, use inclusive language like 'we' and 'us' to create unity between

5168-527: The speaker will usually speak with the aid of a public address system or microphone and loudspeaker . Telecommunication and videoconferencing are also forms of public speaking. David M. Fetterman of Stanford University wrote in his 1997 article Videoconferencing over the Internet : "Videoconferencing technology allows geographically disparate parties to hear and see each other usually through satellite or telephone communication systems." This technology

5244-435: The speaker, reluctant attendees with opposing views, or strangers with varying levels of interest in the speaker's topic. Proficient speakers recognize that even a modest-sized audience is not a uniform entity but rather a diverse assembly of individuals. Public speaking aims to either reassure an anxious audience or to alert a complacent audience of something important. Once the speaker has determined which of these approaches

5320-545: The topic or point of the speech; and (iii) the audience. Aristotle also classifies oration into three types: (i) political, used to convince people to take or not take action; (ii) forensic, usually used in law related to accusing or defending someone; and (iii) ceremonial, which recognizes someone positively or negatively. Aristotle breaks down the political category into five focuses or themes: "ways and means, war and peace, national defense, imports and exports, and legislation." These focuses are broken down into detail so that

5396-527: The world. YouTube is another platform that allows public speaking to reach a larger audience. On YouTube, people can post videos of themselves. Audiences can watch these videos for all types of purposes. Multimedia presentations can contain different video clips, sound effects, animation, laser pointers, remote control clickers, and endless bullet points. All adding to the presentation and evolving our traditional views of public speaking. Public speakers may use audience response systems . For large assemblies,

5472-437: Was a well-known orator from Athens. After his father died when he was 7, he had three legal guardians: Aphobus, Demophon, and Theryppides. His inspiration for public speaking came from learning that his guardians had robbed him of the money his father left for his education. His first public speech was in the court proceeding he brought against his three guardians. After that, Demosthenes continued to practice public speaking. He

5548-582: Was made to promote " being civil ", and uses language in the film such as " savages ". A lot of books and games from the Cyberpunk genre , including 2020 video game Cyberpunk 2077 use social commentary usually as a means of questioning technology (ex: "Will technology make us selfish?") or questioning unethical megacorporations , as in most Cyberpunk plots the megacorporations are antagonised and demonised and Cyberpunk also sheds light on poverty-related issues. The video game series Watch Dogs , in which

5624-534: Was one of the first oratory teachers to use definitive rules and models. One of his key insights was that speakers always combine, to varying degrees, three things: reasoning, which he called Logos; credentials, which he called Ethos; and emotion, which he called Pathos. Aristotle's work became an essential part of a liberal arts education during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance . The classical antiquity works by

5700-546: Was screaming, ‘Aaaahhh,’ and she's running away—that's how every animal you eat is running for his or her life". The shockumentary Mondo Cane also provided social commentary, as in one frame, there are dogs being walked in San Francisco and in the other, in Papua New Guinea people are eating dog meat , using cultures different from Western culture to shock the viewer and make them feel uncomfortable. Mondo Cane

5776-595: Was the first of several speeches known as the Philippics. He made other speeches known as the Olynthiacs . Both series of speeches favored independence and rallied Athenians against Philip II. During the political rise of the Roman Republic , Roman orators copied and modified the ancient Greek techniques of public speaking. Instruction in rhetoric developed into a full curriculum, including instruction in grammar (study of

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