The New Orleans Squadron or the New Orleans Station was a United States Navy squadron raised out of the growing threat the United Kingdom posed to Louisiana during the War of 1812 . The first squadron consisted of over a dozen vessels and was mostly defeated during the war. Afterward, new ships were stationed at New Orleans which engaged in counter-piracy operations for over twenty years. The New Orleans Squadron was eventually merged with the Home Squadron .
24-457: Originally commanded by Daniel Patterson in 1814, the squadron consisted of fifteen vessels, including the schooners USS Carolina and USS Sea Horse , the two small sloops-of-war USS Alligator and USS Tickler along with several Jeffersonian class gunboats . On December 13, 1814, the Sea Horse fought with seven British longboats from a British flotilla of 42 armed longboats which
48-625: A birth certificate or birth register may by that fact alone become the person's legal name . The assumption in the Western world is often that the name from birth (or perhaps from baptism or brit milah ) will persist to adulthood in the normal course of affairs—either throughout life or until marriage. Some reasons for changes of a person's name include middle names , diminutive forms, changes relating to parental status (due to one's parents' divorce or adoption by different parents), and gender transition . The French and English-adopted née
72-577: A man's surname at birth that has subsequently been replaced or changed. The diacritic mark (the acute accent ) over the e is considered significant to its spelling, and ultimately its meaning, but is sometimes omitted. According to Oxford University 's Dictionary of Modern English Usage , the terms are typically placed after the current surname (e.g., " Margaret Thatcher , née Roberts" or " Bill Clinton , né Blythe"). Since they are terms adopted into English (from French), they do not have to be italicized , but they often are. In Polish tradition ,
96-627: A fight and around $ 500,000 worth of valuables were taken as prize. Between the War of 1812 and 1830, piracy in the West Indies flared up again, prompting the United States to take more serious action against the outlaws . By 1818, Jean Lafitte commanded a fleet of ships pirating out of Galveston, Texas ; so the New Orleans Squadron began operations against him. About this time Lafitte suffered
120-609: A significant distraction from his activities; a hurricane hit Galveston in September 1818, leaving his base in ruins, and one of his newest ships was captured by the squadron. In 1821, the USS Enterprise , under Lieutenant Lawrence Kearny , arrived at Galveston and demanded Lafitte's departure, which was accomplished without bloodshed. (The revenue cutters USRC Alabama and USRC Louisiana captured another one of Lafitte's ships in 1819. Both cutters were temporarily serving with
144-583: A sloop, as well as the USS Carolina (1812) and USS Louisiana (1812) . Foreseeing British designs against New Orleans almost two months before their attack, Patterson, not Jackson, was the first to prepare to defend the city. The American victory at the Battle of New Orleans resulted as much from his foresight and preparations as from Jackson's able fighting. His little fleet delayed the enemy until reinforcements arrived, then gave artillery support in defense of
168-595: A website of the Navy Department Library at the Washington Navy Yard, purportedly contains a first-person account of the death of Commodore Patterson. Although Patterson is properly called a " Commodore ", during his years in the Navy this was not one of the hierarchical "line" ranks. Instead, "Commodore" applied to any officer in command of a fleet of two or more ships, regardless of the officer's "line" rank at
192-416: Is the feminine past participle of naître , which means "to be born". Né is the masculine form. The term née , having feminine grammatical gender , can be used to denote a woman's surname at birth that has been replaced or changed. In most English-speaking cultures, it is specifically applied to a woman's maiden name after her surname has changed due to marriage. The term né can be used to denote
216-558: The Battle of New Orleans , the Carolina was badly damaged by enemy artillery fire and abandoned by her crew. She later exploded when fire reached her powder magazine. Although Jean Lafitte would later fight for America at New Orleans in January 1815, the squadron had operated against his pirates until ultimately being evicted from their base at Barataria on September 16, 1814 by Commodore Patterson. Six of his pirate ships were captured without
240-480: The Mississippi River , close to the levee , which in all likelihood was named for Commodore Patterson because of his War of 1812 service there. Birth name#Maiden and married names A birth name is the name given to a person upon birth. The term may be applied to the surname , the given name , or the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto
264-627: The Quasi-War . Pollock moved to New Orleans, where his uncle Oliver Pollock , a financier of patriot operations during the Revolution , had been in business. Together, Daniel and George Ann were the parents of: Patterson died on August 25, 1839. Three ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Patterson for him. There is a Patterson Drive in New Orleans, on the west bank of
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#1732854724719288-778: The West Indies to August 1800. Appointed a midshipman on August 20, 1800 (warrant subsequently altered to take rank from date of his original entry, June 11, 1799). After the war, was one of the midshipmen retained in the Navy under the Peace Establishment Act, signed by President Adams in one of his last official acts, on March 3, 1801. On close of the Quasi-War with France, he resumed nautical studies, then had blockade duty off Tripoli in Constellation and Philadelphia . On October 13, 1803, he fell prisoner upon capture of Philadelphia , commanded by William Bainbridge , when
312-643: The 1750s from Ramelton or Rathmullan , County Donegal , and served in the British Army during the French and Indian War . His paternal grandfather was Robert Livingston , 3rd Lord of the Livingston Manor . His maternal aunt, Mary Livingston, was the wife of James Duane , a respected lawyer, patriot, New York politician, and judge. As acting midshipman , he joined the sloop of war Delaware , June 11, 1799, to cruise against French privateers and warships in
336-641: The Caribbean became known as the West Indies Squadron . When this squadron was deployed, piracy in the New Orleans region began to decline for good. By 1838, the Home Squadron was created and was used for protecting the American coastline until the outbreak of Civil War in 1861. Citations Bibliography Daniel Patterson (naval officer) Daniel Todd Patterson (March 6, 1786 – August 25, 1839)
360-526: The New Orleans station at the time.) On the other side of the Gulf of Mexico , and in the Caribbean , attacks on American merchant ships by Spanish and Central American pirates increased. Over the course of the next decade, thousands of attacks on merchant vessels by West Indies pirates were reported; many of the victims were American ships. In 1821, the first U.S. Navy fleet created specifically to fight piracy in
384-569: The New Orleans station, under the command of Captain David Porter . He was in semi-independent command of a flotilla of gunboats based in Natchez, Mississippi from about January 1810 to February 1811. On July 24, 1813, Patterson was promoted from Lieutenant to Master Commandant . On October 18, 1813, he was given command of the Naval Station at New Orleans. On September 16, 1814, Patterson raided
408-402: The base of the pirate Jean Laffite at Barataria Bay , in cooperation with Colonel George T. Ross , capturing six schooners and other small craft. In that same month, he refused Andrew Jackson 's request to send his few naval units to Mobile Bay where Patterson knew they would be bottled up by a superior Royal Navy fleet. Patterson's naval assets were limited to six gunboats, a schooner,
432-647: The fortifications on the right bank of the Mississippi. Patterson, highly commended by Jackson, received a note of thanks from Congress , and was promoted to Captain on February 28, 1815. Patterson remained on the southern stations until 1824. Because of failing health, Thomas Macdonough relinquished command of USS Constitution whereupon Patterson then assumed command and became fleet captain and commander of this flagship in Commodore John Rodgers ' Mediterranean Squadron . Returning home in 1828, he
456-526: The time, and regardless of whether the officer also held the dual role of commanding officer of one of the ships in the fleet. Thus Patterson was a Commodore at the time of the Battle of New Orleans because he commanded a fleet of ships, even though he was not promoted to the "line" rank of Captain until after the battle. He again became a Commodore when in command of the Mediterranean Squadron. Patterson
480-464: The vessel ran aground on an uncharted reef off the coast of Tripoli, and remained a captive of the Barbary pirates until the American victory over Tripoli in 1805. Upon returning home, he spent much of his following years on station at New Orleans, Louisiana , where he took command after the outbreak of the War of 1812. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1807. On March 21, 1808, he was ordered to report to
504-432: Was a United States Navy officer who served during the Quasi-War , First Barbary War , and War of 1812 . Patterson was born on Long Island, New York . He was a son of John Patterson and Catherine ( née Livingston ) Patterson (1744–1832). His father was a younger brother of Walter Patterson , who was the first Royal Governor of Prince Edward Island (then named St. John's Island). John and Walter came to America in
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#1732854724719528-547: Was appointed one of the three Navy commissioners . He commanded the Mediterranean Squadron from 1832 to 1836. He then took command of the Washington Navy Yard in 1836, an office he held until his death at Wilmington, Delaware , August 25, 1839. Daniel Todd Patterson and his wife are buried in Congressional Cemetery , Washington, D.C. The Life of Gould, an Ex-Man-of-War's Man, by Roland Gould (1867), noted on
552-465: Was heading to Lake Borgne . The next day, the longboat flotilla defeated the squadron's five gunboats under Thomas ap Catesby Jones at the Battle of Lake Borgne , and USS Alligator and USS Tickler were also captured and scuttled. As result of this action, the British gained control of the lake which was then used as the landing zone for their army that marched on New Orleans. On December 27, as part of
576-761: Was never an Admiral because in his day the highest "line" rank in the US Navy was Captain; the title Admiral was felt to smack of aristocracy and royalty, and did not become a "line" rank in the US Navy until the Civil War. Patterson was married to George Ann Pollock (1787–1851) of New Orleans , a daughter of George Pollock and Catherine ( née Yates) Pollock. Both her father and grandfather, Richard Yates, were successful merchants in New York, with their firm Yates & Pollock who were driven out of business around 1800, when their ships and cargoes were seized by French privateers during
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