33-601: (Redirected from New Mexicans ) [REDACTED] Look up New Mexican in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. New Mexican may refer to someone or something of, from, or related to the US State of New Mexico A person from New Mexico; see List of people from New Mexico A historical person from the Spanish viceroyalty or Mexican territory of Nuevo México A historical person from
66-543: A chain shift , though Hawaii residents do have a cot–caught merger , at least among younger speakers. Unlike most Americans, Hawaii residents may not demonstrate any form of /æ/ tensing (even before nasal consonants , as with most Western Americans). In New Mexico, the state with the largest Hispanic population by percentage and no Anglo majority population, studies have distinguished the English of English-Spanish bilinguals versus (Anglo) English monolinguals. Research showed
99-488: A distinct dialect or not. One feature of many Pacific Northwest dialects is the pre-velar merger, where, before /g/, /ɛ/ and /æ/ are raised, and /eɪ/ is lowered, causing beg and vague to rhyme, and sometimes causing bag to sound similar to or rhyme with both of them. Younger speakers may also show signs of the aforementioned California Vowel Shift . The English of Utah shows great variation, though little overall consistency, making it difficult to classify as either
132-461: A newspaper published in Santa Fe, New Mexico See also [ edit ] New Mexico (disambiguation) Hispano , Pueblo , Navajo , Apache , or other ethnic groups from or related to New Mexico Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title New Mexican . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
165-501: A sub-dialect of Western American English or a separate dialect of its own. Members of the LDS Church may use the propredicate "do" or "done", as in the sentence "I would have done", unlike other Americans, suggesting a more recent British influence within the Church. Some speakers may realize the /ɹ/ as a flap [ɾ] after /θ/ . One prominent older, declining feature of Utah English
198-495: A whole are slightly less likely to glottalize the /t/ in general. A trend evident particularly in some speakers from the Salt Lake City, Utah , and Flagstaff, Arizona , areas, as well as in some Californian and New Mexican English, is the completion of, or transition towards, a full–fool merger . This may be related to scatterings of Western speakers, such as some Utah speakers, generally producing lax pronunciations of
231-473: Is a minor but noted variant reported in the West, for example among some Californians and younger, female Utah speakers; thus, kitten as [ˈkʰɪʔən] in addition to more General American [ˈkʰɪʔn̩] ; however, this feature has also been reported elsewhere in the country, like New Jersey. Men and teenage girls from Utah are also slightly more likely than average to elide the /t/ altogether in these words, and Utahns as
264-531: Is a sound typically associated with Southern American English, which influenced Bakersfield settlers. Another recognizable though nonstandard trait, particularly in California and the Pacific Northwest, is raising of the short i /ɪ/ sound to an almost long ee [i] sound before ng , even when the g is dropped , such that the local pronunciation of -ing [iŋ] , even with G-dropping ( [in] ), takes on
297-401: Is a variety of American English that largely unites the entire Western United States as a single dialect region, including the states of California , Nevada , Arizona , Utah , New Mexico , Colorado , and Wyoming . It also generally encompasses Washington , Oregon , Idaho , and Montana , some of whose speakers are classified additionally under Pacific Northwest English . The West
330-596: Is defined primarily by two phonological features: the cot-caught merger (as distinct from most traditional Northern and Southern U.S. English ) and the fronting of the /u/ ( GOOSE ) vowel but not the /oʊ/ ( GOAT ) vowel. This fronting is distinct from most Southern and Mid-Atlantic American English, in which both of those vowels are fronted, as well as from most Northern U.S. English, in which both of these remain backed. Like most Canadian dialects and younger General American, /ɑ/ ( LOT/PALM ) allophones remain back and may be either rounded or unrounded due to
363-443: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages New Mexican [REDACTED] Look up New Mexican in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. New Mexican may refer to someone or something of, from, or related to the US State of New Mexico A person from New Mexico; see List of people from New Mexico A historical person from
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#1732852440863396-504: Is inconsistent, and ag approaches the sound of egg . Not far from Anchorage, in Alaska's Matanuska-Susitna Valley , is a distinctly Minnesota-like accent due to immigration of Minnesotans to the valley in the 1930s. A noticeable California Vowel Shift has been observed in the English of some California speakers scattered throughout the state, though especially younger and coastal speakers. This shift involves two elements, including that
429-464: Is not any more advanced among younger speakers than among older ones. Although it occurs at least occasionally nationwide, T-glottalization at word boundaries, as in "right ankle", is more common in Western dialects, particularly among younger speakers and women. The use of a full (orally released) rather than syllabic pronunciation of /ən/ in the sequence /-tən/ , in words like "kitten" or "mountain",
462-602: Is spoken within, and arguably falls under the regional dialect of, the Western United States. Currently, there is not enough data on the English of Alaska to either include it within Western American English or assign it its own "separate status". Of two documented speakers in Anchorage , their cot-caught merger is completed or transitional, /aʊ/ is not fronted, /oʊ/ is centralized, the placement of /u/
495-491: Is the cord-card merger without a horse-hoarse merger , particularly along the Wasatch Front, which merges /ɑɹ/ (as in far ) and /ɔɹ/ (as in for ), while keeping /oʊɹ/ distinct (as in four ). Utahns may use slightly distinct vowel placement and vowel space area during articulation , particularly with young, female speakers documented as pronouncing /æ/ as lower than /ɑ/ , unlike other Western dialects. Throughout
528-529: The low back merger : the merger between the sounds /ɑ/ and /ɔ/ ( THOUGHT ), commonly represented as words like cot and caught , or pod and pawed , becoming perfect homophones . Linguists believe this is the cause of, or at least related to, more and more Western speakers in general lowering or retracting the TRAP vowel and the DRESS vowel in a chain shift first associated with California and led by young women:
561-562: The low-back-merger shift . This shift is also documented in mainland Canadian English. However, unlike in Canada, the raising before voiceless consonants of /aʊ/ does not exist in Western American English and of /aɪ/ is not as consistent and pronounced. Like General American, the West is entirely rhotic , and the Mary–marry–merry merger is complete, so that words like Mary , marry , and merry are all pronounced identically because of
594-421: The merger of all three of those vowels' sounds when before r . Notably, though, there are still regions of the West where some speakers do not have a complete merger, most notably San Francisco, California, where younger speakers exhibit the merger more often than older speakers, but also Portland, Oregon and Cowlitz County, Washington , where an incomplete merger exists for some speakers and where merging
627-509: The 1980s, the related low-back-merger shift has been spreading throughout the Western States. The standard Canadian accent also aligns with these defining features, though it typically includes certain additional vowel differences. The Western regional accent of American English is somewhat variable and not necessarily distinct from " General American " or from the speech of younger or educated Americans nationwide. Western American English
660-461: The 2006 Atlas of North American English , as a very broad generalization, Western U.S. accents are differentiated from Southern U.S. accents in maintaining /aɪ/ as a diphthong , from Northern U.S. accents by fronting /u/ (the GOOSE vowel), and from both by consistently showing the low back merger (the merger of the vowel sounds in words like cot and caught ). Furthermore, in speakers born since
693-482: The Spanish viceroyalty or Mexican territory of Nuevo México A historical person from the US territory of New Mexico New Mexican cuisine , cuisine originating from New Mexico New Mexican chile , group of peppers from New Mexico New Mexican music (disambiguation) New Mexican English , English dialects from New Mexico New Mexican Spanish , Spanish dialect from New Mexico The Santa Fe New Mexican ,
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#1732852440863726-555: The U.S.); and vigas for rafters . The New Mexican chile pepper has had such a large cultural impact that it has even been entered into the Congressional Record spelled as chile , not chili . The states of Oregon and Washington show a mixture of features that vary widely among the local speakers themselves. Overall, these features are strongly similar to both Californian as well as Canadian English . Studies are therefore inconclusive about whether this region constitutes
759-579: The US territory of New Mexico New Mexican cuisine , cuisine originating from New Mexico New Mexican chile , group of peppers from New Mexico New Mexican music (disambiguation) New Mexican English , English dialects from New Mexico New Mexican Spanish , Spanish dialect from New Mexico The Santa Fe New Mexican , a newspaper published in Santa Fe, New Mexico See also [ edit ] New Mexico (disambiguation) Hispano , Pueblo , Navajo , Apache , or other ethnic groups from or related to New Mexico Topics referred to by
792-549: The cluster /nj/ in the word new (not the yod-dropping after /n/ of most other Americans). Aside from noting a possible full–fool merger regardless of ethnicity, New Mexican English research has tended to focus on vocabulary: particularly loanwords from New Mexican Spanish , such as the word acequia [ɑˈseɪkjɑ] for a ditch ; canales [kɑˈnɑleɪs] for a type of rain and street gutter ; corazón [ˌkʰɔɹɑˈsoʊn] for sweetheart, darling, courage, or spirit; nana for one's grandmother (more widely heard than elsewhere in
825-520: The former more likely to participate in monophthongization of / eɪ / and a recently developing Hispanic English vowel shift . However, this same shift failed to appear in a later study, in which Anglo New Mexicans (and particularly young women) were the ones more likely to engage in an innovative California-like vowel shift , whereas Hispanic speakers raised /æ/ before nasals significantly less, while pronouncing /u/ higher and further back. Many New Mexicans, both Anglo and Hispanic, pronounce
858-435: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Mexican&oldid=842274662 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages New Mexican English Western American English (also known as Western U.S. English )
891-490: The recent emergence of different Hawaiian English accents. In a 2013 study of twenty Oʻahu -raised native English speakers, non-Pidgin speakers and males were shown to lower /ɪ/ and /ɛ/ ; younger speakers of the first group also lowered /æ/ , and younger participants in general backed /æ/ . Though this movement of these vowels is superficially similar to the California Vowel Shift , it is not believed to be due to
924-418: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title New Mexican . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Mexican&oldid=842274662 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
957-413: The same vowel quality as, but remains shorter than, the rime of bean or the traditional British pronunciation of been when stressed ( [iːn] ). Several sub-types of the Western dialect appear to be currently in formation, and the West, being an area of especially recent English-speaking settlement, shows relatively low homogeneity and internal consistency. Additionally, most Mexican-American English
990-453: The sound of set , set may approach sat , and sat may approach sot . This front-vowel lowering is also reported around Portland, Oregon , the hub of a unique Northwestern variety of American English that demonstrates other similarities with Canadian English . Studies demonstrate that gender, age, and ability to speak Hawaiian Creole (a language locally called "Pidgin" and spoken by about two-fifths of Hawaii residents) correlate with
1023-468: The tense front vowels before /l/ , such as pronouncing "sale" as "sell" /sɛl/ . Southern twang-like monophthongization of /aɪ/ has been sporadically reported in the Southwest, for example in some speakers before /l/ in southern Arizona and Utah. A significant minority of Western speakers have the pin–pen merger or a closeness to the merger, especially around Bakersfield, California , though it
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1056-507: The vowel in words like toe , rose , and go (though remaining back vowels elsewhere in the Western dialect), and the vowel in words like spoon , move , and rude are both pronounced farther forward in the mouth than most other English dialects; at the same time, a lowering chain movement of the front vowels is occurring (identical to the Canadian Vowel Shift ), so that, to listeners of other English dialects, sit may approach
1089-518: Was the last area in the United States to be reached during the gradual westward expansion of settlement by English speakers and its history shows considerable mixing and leveling of the linguistic patterns of other regions. Therefore, since the settlement populations are relatively young when compared with other regions, the American West continues to be a dialect region in formation. According to
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