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20-565: The NEC is primarily concerned with legal action more than protests . It was involved in both legal action and protests about the Yankee Rowe Nuclear Power Plant prior to its shut down in 1992, and was involved in legal action and protests over extending the license to operate at the Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant . Since 2014 it has been working towards requiring the owners of Vermont Yankee to implement

40-596: A hardened underground storage system for their highly radioactive nuclear waste by legal interventions through the Vermont Public Service Board . New England Coalition Actions include the following: The NEC began legal work on the Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant in 1973 with legal arguments that it was not safely sited, designed, or built. Additionally the NEC presented testimony that

60-568: A percent for every paragraph printed about the event. Protest permit A protest permit or parade permit is permission granted by a governmental agency for a demonstration to be held in a particular venue at a particular time. Failing to obtain a permit may lead to charges of parading without a permit. The requirement of a permit is sometimes denounced as an infringement of free speech , by those who perceive permits as denied on spurious grounds or used to move protestors into free speech zones . Permits are sometimes denied on grounds that

80-464: A protest could make them an easier target for government surveillance . A study of 342 US protests covered by The New York Times newspaper from 1962 to 1990 showed that such public activities usually affected the company's publicly traded stock price. The most intriguing aspect of the study's findings revealed that the amount of media coverage the event received was of the most importance to this study. Stock prices fell an average of one-tenth of

100-496: A result of the "particularly sensitive international context", leading Jean-Luc-Mélenchon , leader of left-wing party La France Insoumise to declare: "France is the only country where all support protests for Palestinians are forbidden, and protests against the Israeli far-right government , it is obviously to create power incidendents and stigmatise that cause". An Amnesty International spokesperson said in response: "A forbidding of

120-611: A subsequent intervention on the power uprate at the plant , which took place before both houses of the Vermont legislature . Starting in 2008, the NEC has been intervening to prevent the relicensing of VY. According to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, as of April, 2010, the licensing process has set a record for being the longest in history, with credit due to the New England Coalition. The specific action causing

140-503: A systematic and peaceful nonviolent campaign to achieve a particular objective, and involve the use of pressure as well as persuasion, they go beyond mere protest and may be better described as civil resistance or nonviolent resistance . Various forms of self-expression and protest are sometimes restricted by governmental policy (such as the requirement of protest permits ), economic circumstances, religious orthodoxy, social structures, or media monopoly. One state reaction to protests

160-505: A way of protesting. Any protest could be civil disobedience if a "ruling authority" says so, but the following are usually civil disobedience demonstrations: Blogging and social networking have become effective tools to register protest and grievances. Protests can express views or news, and use viral networking to reach out to thousands of people. With protests on the rise from the U.S. election season of 2016 going into 2017, protesters became aware that using their social media during

180-440: Is influenced by individuals' ties within social networks . Social connections can affect both the spread of factual information about a protest and social pressures on participants. Willing to participate will also vary depending on the type of protest. Likelihood that someone will respond to a protest is also affected by group identification, and by the types of tactics involved. The Dynamics of Collective Action project and

200-440: Is the use of riot police . Observers have noted an increased militarization of protest policing in many countries, with police deploying armored vehicles and snipers against protesters. When such restrictions occur, protests may assume the form of open civil disobedience , more subtle forms of resistance against the restrictions, or may spill over into other areas such as culture and emigration. A protest itself may at times be

220-488: The Global Nonviolent Action Database are two of the leading data collection efforts attempting to capture information about protest events. The Dynamics of Collective Action project considers the repertoire of protest tactics (and their definitions) to include: The Global Nonviolent Action Database uses Gene Sharp's classification of 198 methods of nonviolent action. There is considerable overlap with

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240-451: The Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant (VY). The NEC also has undertaken repeated interventions before the NRC, in 1977 and 1987, to challenge increases in the amount of nuclear waste stored at VY. In 1999, the NEC intervened in the sale of VY to Amergen. This intervention was successful. In 2002, the NEC intervened to set conditions on the sale of VY to Entergy . This intervention made possible

260-672: The Dynamics of Collective Action repertoire, although the GNA repertoire includes more specific tactics. Together, the two projects help define tactics available to protesters and document instances of their use. Thomas Ratliff and Lori Hall have devised a typology of six broad activity categories of the protest activities described in the Dynamics of Collective Action project. Some forms of direct action listed in this article are also public demonstrations or rallies. Written evidence of political or economic power, or democratic justification may also be

280-552: The NEC filed a 10 CFR 2.206 Enforcement Petition requesting that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) undertake enforcement actions in response to a series of problems including: The NRC was asked to perform various actions including the following: Protest A protest (also called a demonstration , remonstration , or remonstrance ) is a public act of objection, disapproval or dissent against political advantage. Protests can be thought of as acts of cooperation in which numerous people cooperate by attending, and share

300-456: The delay was the NEC contention that the mathematics associated with managing the aging plant were defective. The NEC joined the Union of Concerned Scientists in an effort to shut down the Yankee Rowe Nuclear Power Plant . The plant was closed in 1992. The NEC helped write Vermont's Act 296, a law covering radioactive waste disposal . As a result of the tritium leak at VY, on February 9, 2010,

320-407: The issues organizers were raising, but violent protests tended to generate unfavorable media coverage that generated public desire to restore law and order. Unaddressed protests may grow and widen into civil resistance , dissent, activism, riots, insurgency , revolts, and political or social revolution. Some examples of protests include: A protest can take many forms. Willingness to participate

340-412: The potential costs and risks of doing so. Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass political demonstrations . Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion or government policy, or they may undertake direct action in an attempt to enact desired changes themselves. When protests are part of

360-552: The protest will create a security risk. A 2006 study in Mobilization said the available venues for protests were shrinking in number, citizens have experienced increasing difficulty in gaining unrestricted access to them, and such venues are no longer where most people typically congregate in large numbers. In May 2021, police in Paris banned any protests in favor of Palestinian nationalism , citing "risks of disturbing public order" as

380-480: The subject of a counter-protest . In such cases, counter-protesters demonstrate their support for the person, policy, action, etc. that is the subject of the original protest. Protesters and counter-protesters can sometimes violently clash. One study found that nonviolent activism during the civil rights movement in the United States tended to produce favorable media coverage and changes in public opinion focusing on

400-552: Was not economically needed. In 1990, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) waved its own rules on emergency planning at Seabrook, an action that seemed to indicate the lessons of Three Mile Island had not been learned. The New England Coalition took legal action appealing to the Supreme Court . The appeal was denied. The NEC participated as a full party in the United States government licensing procedures for

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