45-619: New Denver is a village in the Central Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada at the mouth of Carpenter Creek , on the east shore of Slocan Lake , in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia . The village is 47 kilometres (29 mi) west of Kaslo on Highway 31A , and 47 kilometres (29 mi) southeast of Nakusp and 32 kilometres (20 mi) northeast of Slocan on Highway 6 . Project Zomboid Modification "Slocan Lake,BC" adds New Denver and Rosebery into
90-562: A 15 to 22 cm (5.9 to 8.7 in) tail, and weighs 75 to 230 g (2.6 to 8.1 oz), depending on the subspecies. Black rats typically live for about one year in the wild and up to four years in captivity. Despite its name, the black rat exhibits several colour forms. It is usually black to light brown in colour with a lighter underside. In England during the 1920s, several variations were bred and shown alongside domesticated brown rats . This included an unusual green-tinted variety. The black rat occurred in prehistoric Europe and in
135-436: A 55-acre "world-class, all-season, backcountry-oriented" resort called Zincton between New Denver and Kaslo. Those promoting Zincton claim the resort will create jobs and do much to remedy economic and social decline in the area. The proposed site is in a critical wildlife corridor connecting Goat Range and Kokanee Provincial Parks and is also prime grizzly bear habitat; opponents fear the resort's negative ecological impact. Of
180-480: A building the black rat will prefer the upper floors and roof. Because of this habit they have been given the common name roof rat. Black rats (or their ectoparasites ) can carry a number of pathogens, of which bubonic plague (via the Oriental rat flea ), typhus , Weil's disease , toxoplasmosis and trichinosis are the best known. It has been hypothesized that the displacement of black rats by brown rats led to
225-503: A change of 5% from its 2016 population of 59,517 . With a land area of 22,078.1 km (8,524.4 sq mi), it had a population density of 2.8/km (7.3/sq mi) in 2021. This article about a location in the Regional District of Central Kootenay , Canada is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Black rat Mus rattus Linnaeus, 1758 The black rat ( Rattus rattus ), also known as
270-553: A drastic increase in New Denver's native roof rat population. The Norwegian rat was introduced to the area the same year and is thought to have arrived by transport truck from other regions. Council members blamed the infestation on local gardening and composting practices. 49°59′30″N 117°22′17″W / 49.99167°N 117.37139°W / 49.99167; -117.37139 Regional District of Central Kootenay The Regional District of Central Kootenay (RDCK)
315-399: A few. All of these bacteria are disease causing agents in humans. In some cases, these diseases are incurable. The black rat is prey to cats and owls in domestic settings. In less urban settings, rats are preyed on by weasels, foxes and coyotes. These predators have little effect on the control of the black rat population because black rats are agile and fast climbers. In addition to agility,
360-612: A land route seems more likely based on the distribution of European haplogroup "A". The black rat spread throughout Europe with the Roman conquest , but declined around the 6th century, possibly due to collapse of the Roman grain trade, climate cooling, or the Justinianic Plague . A genetically different rat population of haplogroup A replaced the Roman population in the medieval times in Europe. It
405-877: A method of mass control on islands infested with invasive rat populations. Bait, such as brodifacoum , is also used along with coloured dyes (used to deter birds from eating the baits) in order to kill and identify rats for experimental and tracking purposes. Another method to track rats is the use of wired cage traps, which are used along with bait, such as rolled oats and peanut butter, to tag and track rats to determine population sizes through methods like mark-recapture and radio-tracking. Tracking tunnels (coreflute tunnels containing an inked card) are also commonly used monitoring devices, as are chew-cards containing peanut butter. Poison control methods are effective in reducing rat populations to nonthreatening sizes, but rat populations often rebound to normal size within months. Besides their highly adaptive foraging behavior and fast reproduction,
450-407: A population density of 559.8/km (1,449.8/sq mi) in 2021. The town is notable for its resistance to mobile phones. In a 2008 referendum, many citizens voted against the introduction of cellular telephone service. Despite this, on 20 July 2010, Telus Canada began installation of a cell phone facility in the heart of the village, with many citizens peacefully protesting the installation. 2019 saw
495-462: A result of the distribution of the abundance of prey as well as available refuges for rats to avoid predators. As found in North Head, New South Wales , there is positive correlation between rat abundance, leaf litter cover, canopy height, and litter depth. All other habitat variables showed little to no correlation. While this species' relative, the brown (Norway) rat, prefers to nest near the ground of
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#1732844033724540-416: A set of foraging standards ultimately determines the final composition of its meals. Also, by sampling the available food in an area, it maintains a dynamic food supply, balance its nutrient intake, and avoids intoxication by secondary compounds. Through the usage of tracking devices such as radio transmitters, rats have been found to occupy dens located in trees, as well as on the ground. In Puketi Forest in
585-405: A threat to many farmers, since they feed on a variety of agricultural-based crops, such as cereals, sugar cane, coconuts, cocoa, oranges, and coffee beans. The black rat displays flexibility in its foraging behaviour. It is a predatory species and adapts to different micro-habitats. It often meets and forages together in close proximity within and between sexes. It tends to forage after sunset. If
630-462: A vector, the diversity of truffle species would be expected to decline. In a study in New South Wales, Australia it was found that, although the bush rat consumes a diversity of truffle species, the black rat consumes as much of the diverse fungi as the natives and is an effective vector for spore dispersal. Since the black rat now occupies many of the micro-habitats that were previously inhabited by
675-556: Is a regional district in the province of British Columbia , Canada. As of the 2016 census , the population was 59,517. The area is 22,130.72 square kilometres. The administrative centre is located in the city of Nelson . Other municipalities include the City of Castlegar , the Town of Creston , the Village of Salmo , the Village of Nakusp , the Village of Kaslo , the Village of New Denver ,
720-550: Is a resilient vector for many diseases because of its ability to hold so many infectious bacteria in its blood. It was formerly thought to have played a primary role in spreading bacteria contained in fleas on its body, such as the plague bacterium ( Yersinia pestis ) which is responsible for the Plague of Justinian and the Black Death . However, recent studies have called this theory into question and instead posit humans themselves as
765-462: Is indicated by their tendency to feed on any meal provided for cows, swine, chickens, cats and dogs. They are similar to the tree squirrel in their preference of fruits and nuts. They eat about 15 g (0.53 oz) per day and drink about 15 ml (0.53 imp fl oz; 0.51 US fl oz) per day. Their diet is high in water content. They are a threat to many natural habitats because they feed on birds and insects. They are also
810-555: Is sometimes kept as a pet. In parts of India , it is considered sacred and respected in the Karni Mata Temple in Deshnoke . Mus rattus was the scientific name proposed by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 for the black rat. Three subspecies were once recognized, but today are considered invalid and are now known to be actually color morphs : A typical adult black rat is 12.75 to 18.25 cm (5.02 to 7.19 in) long, not including
855-487: Is thought that male and female rats have similarly sized home ranges during the winter, but male rats increase the size of their home range during the breeding season. Along with differing between rats of different sex, home range also differs depending on the type of forest in which the black rat inhabits. For example, home ranges in the southern beech forests of the South Island , New Zealand appear to be much larger than
900-434: Is unclear why the latter prevailed in keeping the name. Until the government survey in mid 1892, the place was a squatters camp for miners. Named for El Dorado , the legendary city of gold, the surrounding mines were hoped to bring comparable prosperity. On discovering the mines were silver deposits, the name changed to reflect the famed silver mines of Denver , Colorado . New Denver was an early service center for mines and
945-557: The Levant during postglacial periods. The black rat in the Mediterranean region differs genetically from its South Asian ancestor by having 38 instead of 42 chromosomes. Its closest relative is the Asian house rat ( R. tanezumi ) from Southeast Asia. The two diverged about 120,000 years ago in southwestern Asia. It is unclear how the rat made its way to Europe due to insufficient data, although
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#1732844033724990-498: The Northland Region of New Zealand, rats have been found to form dens together. Rats appear to den and forage in separate areas in their home range depending on the availability of food resources. Research shows that, in New South Wales, the black rat prefers to inhabit lower leaf litter of forest habitat. There is also an apparent correlation between the canopy height and logs and the presence of black rats. This correlation may be
1035-482: The Ogasawara islands , they prey on the indigenous snails and seedlings. Snails that inhabit the leaf litter of these islands showed a significant decline in population on the introduction of Rattus rattus . The black rat shows a preference for snails with larger shells (greater than 10 mm), and this led to a great decline in the population of snails with larger shells. A lack of prey refuges makes it more difficult for
1080-489: The brown rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) in cooler regions and urban areas. In addition to the brown rat being larger and more aggressive, the change from wooden structures and thatched roofs to bricked and tiled buildings favored the burrowing brown rats over the arboreal black rats. In addition, brown rats eat a wider variety of foods, and are more resistant to weather extremes . Black rat populations can increase exponentially under certain circumstances, perhaps having to do with
1125-475: The roof rat , ship rat , or house rat , is a common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus Rattus , in the subfamily Murinae . It likely originated in the Indian subcontinent , but is now found worldwide. The black rat is black to light brown in colour with a lighter underside. It is a generalist omnivore and a serious pest to farmers because it feeds on a wide range of agricultural crops . It
1170-456: The 3000 emailed comments received by British Columbia's Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development regarding Zincton, 2300 opposed building the resort. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , New Denver had a population of 487 living in 248 of its 304 total private dwellings, a change of 3% from its 2016 population of 473. With a land area of 0.87 km (0.34 sq mi), it had
1215-615: The BC Coast), by 1942 the camp held 1,505 Japanese Canadians , who built 275 shacks in a fruit grove known as the "Orchard." Other internment centres in the Slocan region were nearby at Slocan City , Lemon Creek , Rosebery , Kaslo and Sandon . New Denver's Nikkei Internment Memorial Centre is dedicated to the history of the 27,000 interned Japanese Canadians, and is a National Historic Site . For decades Freedomites refused to send their Doukhobor children to school. After multiple warnings,
1260-477: The Village of Silverton , the Village of Ymir and the Village of Slocan (known locally as Slocan City to distinguish it from the appellation "the Slocan" for the entire Slocan Valley ). As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , the Regional District of Central Kootenay had a population of 62,509 living in 28,006 of its 31,588 total private dwellings,
1305-427: The black rat also uses its keen sense of hearing to detect danger and quickly evade mammalian and avian predators. After Rattus rattus was introduced into the northern islands of New Zealand, they fed on the seedlings, adversely affecting the ecology of the islands. Even after eradication of R. rattus , the negative effects may take decades to reverse. When consuming these seabirds and seabird eggs, these rats reduce
1350-617: The black rat completely displacing many native species in Madagascar, the Galapagos, and the Florida Keys. In a study by Stokes et al. , habitats suitable for the native bush rat, Rattus fuscipes , of Australia are often invaded by the black rat and are eventually occupied by only the black rat. When the abundances of these two rat species were compared in different micro-habitats , both were found to be affected by micro-habitat disturbances, but
1395-409: The black rat was most abundant in areas of high disturbance; this indicates it has a better dispersal ability. Despite the black rat's tendency to displace native species, it can also aid in increasing species population numbers and maintaining species diversity. The bush rat, a common vector for spore dispersal of truffles , has been extirpated from many micro-habitats of Australia. In the absence of
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1440-650: The bush rat, the black rat plays an important ecological role in the dispersal of fungal spores. By eradicating the black rat populations in Australia, the diversity of fungi would decline, potentially doing more harm than good. Large-scale rat control programs have been taken to maintain a steady level of the invasive predators in order to conserve the native species in New Zealand such as kokako and mohua . Pesticides, such as pindone and 1080 ( sodium fluoroacetate ), are commonly distributed via aerial spray by helicopter as
1485-538: The decline of the Black Death . This theory has, however, been deprecated, as the dates of these displacements do not match the increases and decreases in plague outbreaks. Rats serve as outstanding vectors for transmittance of diseases because they can carry bacteria and viruses in their systems. A number of bacterial diseases are common to rats, and these include Streptococcus pneumoniae , Corynebacterium kutsheri , Bacillus piliformis , Pasteurella pneumotropica , and Streptobacillus moniliformis , to name
1530-626: The exact mechanisms for their rebound is unclear and are still being studied. In 2010, the Sociedad Ornitológica Puertorriqueña (Puerto Rican Bird Society) and the Ponce Yacht and Fishing Club launched a campaign to eradicate the black rat from the Isla Ratones (Mice Island) and Isla Cardona (Cardona Island) islands off the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico . Eradication projects have eliminated black rats from Lundy in
1575-483: The food cannot be eaten quickly, it searches for a place to carry and hoard to eat at a later time. Although it eats a broad range of foods, it is a highly selective feeder; only a restricted selection of the foods is dominating. When offered a wide diversity of foods, it eats only a small sample of each. This allows it to monitor the quality of foods that are present year round, such as leaves, as well as seasonal foods, such as herbs and insects. This method of operating on
1620-452: The game In 1892, the town was mostly called Slocan City or Slocan for about a month, Eldorado City or Eldorado for about seven months, and New Denver since. However, these names were used interchangeably for months. Furthermore, the place may have been known as Carpenter Creek townsite after its founding in 1891. Appearing about the same time as the Slocan community at the foot of the lake, it
1665-413: The government forcibly removed such children from their families. Operating 1953–1959, about 170 children, aged 7–15, passed through the New Denver facility but attended the public school. Although parents were allowed twice-monthly visits, most chose instead to speak to their children through the wire fence. In May 2020, New Denver resident David Harley, owner of Valhalla Pure Outfitters, proposed building
1710-485: The nearby mining towns. It could be reached by boat, and a stagecoach ran every two days to Nakusp, and every four days to Nelson . In 1895, Denver Canyon became a stop on the former Nakusp and Slocan Railway . The settlement was incorporated as a village in 1929. After the decline in mining, forestry became the economic base, and tourism in more recent times. One of nine West Kootenay internment centres for Japanese Canadians during World War II (following removal from
1755-514: The non-beech forests of the North Island . Due to the limited number of rats that are studied in home range studies, the estimated sizes of rat home ranges in different rat demographic groups are inconclusive. Black rats are considered omnivores and eat a wide range of foods, including seeds, fruit, stems, leaves, fungi, and a variety of invertebrates and vertebrates. They are generalists , and thus not very specific in their food preferences, which
1800-430: The pH of the soil. This harms plant species by reducing nutrient availability in soil, thus decreasing the probability of seed germination. For example, research conducted by Hoffman et al. indicates a large impact on 16 indigenous plant species directly preyed on by R. rattus . These plants displayed a negative correlation in germination and growth in the presence of black rats. Rats prefer to forage in forest habitats. In
1845-608: The plague beyond areas colonized by rats suggests that the plague was also circulated by humans after reaching Europe. The black rat originated in India and Southeast Asia, and spread to the Near East and Egypt , and then throughout the Roman Empire , reaching Great Britain as early as the 1st century AD. Europeans subsequently spread it throughout the world. The black rat is again largely confined to warmer areas, having been supplanted by
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1890-482: The snail to avoid the rat. The black rat is a complex pest, defined as one that influences the environment in both harmful and beneficial ways. In many cases, after the black rat is introduced into a new area, the population size of some native species declines or goes extinct. This is because the black rat is a good generalist with a wide dietary niche and a preference for complex habitats; this causes strong competition for resources among small animals. This has led to
1935-733: The timing of the fruiting of the bamboo plant, and cause devastation to the plantings of subsistence farmers; this phenomenon is known as mautam in parts of India . Black rats are thought to have arrived in Australia with the First Fleet , and subsequently spread to many coastal regions in the country. Black rats adapt to a wide range of habitats. In urban areas they are found around warehouses, residential buildings, and other human settlements. They are also found in agricultural areas, such as in barns and crop fields. In urban areas, they prefer to live in dry upper levels of buildings, so they are commonly found in wall cavities and false ceilings. In
1980-458: The vector, as the movements of the epidemics and the black rat populations do not show historical or geographical correspondence. A study published in 2015 indicates that other Asiatic rodents served as plague reservoirs, from which infections spread as far west as Europe via trade routes, both overland and maritime. Although the black rat was certainly a plague vector in European ports, the spread of
2025-430: The wild, black rats live in cliffs, rocks, the ground, and trees. They are great climbers and prefer to live in palms and trees, such as pine trees. Their nests are typically spherical and made of shredded material, including sticks, leaves, other vegetation and cloth. In the absence of palms or trees, they can burrow into the ground. Black rats are also found around fences, ponds, riverbanks, streams, and reservoirs. It
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