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26-466: The Cambridge Shakespeare was edited by William George Clark , William Aldis Wright , and John Glover. It was released in nine volumes between 1863 and 1866. Clark and Wright used the First Folio (1623) as their base text and collated it with the second, third, and fourth folios as well as all the known quarto editions. The edition modernized the orthography to 19th-century standards rather than preserve

52-470: A Shrew , an alternate version of The Taming of the Shrew . The general editors of the series are Philip Brockbank (1984–1990) and Brian Gibbons (1990–present), with individual editors, or pairs of, assigned to cover separate plays and poetry. William George Clark William George Clark (March 1821 – 6 November 1878) was an English classical and Shakespearean scholar. He

78-478: A book or pamphlet produced from full sheets printed with eight pages of text, four to a side, then folded twice to produce four leaves. The leaves are then trimmed along the folds to produce eight book pages. Each printed page presents as one-fourth size of the full sheet. The earliest known European printed book is a quarto, the Sibyllenbuch , believed to have been printed by Johannes Gutenberg in 1452–53, before

104-559: Is a book or pamphlet made up of one or more full sheets of paper on which eight pages of text were printed, which were then folded two times to produce four leaves. Each leaf of a quarto book thus represents one fourth the size of the original sheet. Each group of four leaves (called a "gathering" or "quire") could be sewn through the central fold to attach it to the other gatherings to form a book. Sometimes, additional leaves would be inserted within another group to form, for example, gatherings of eight leaves, which similarly would be sewn through

130-482: Is a chiefly British term referring to a book size of about 11.25 by 8.75 inches (286 by 222 mm), a medium quarto 9 by 11.5 inches (230 by 290 mm), a royal quarto 10 by 12.5 inches (250 by 320 mm), and a small quarto equalled a square octavo, all untrimmed. The earliest surviving books printed by movable type by Gutenberg are quartos, which were printed before the Gutenberg Bible. The earliest known one

156-504: Is a fragment of a medieval poem called the Sibyllenbuch , believed to have been printed by Gutenberg in 1452–53. Quartos were the most common format of books printed in the incunabula period (books printed before 1501). The British Library Incunabula Short Title Catalogue currently lists about 28,100 different editions of surviving books, pamphlets and broadsides (some fragmentary only) printed before 1501, of which about 14,360 are quartos, representing just over half of all works in

182-427: Is speculated that they may have been produced not from manuscript texts, but from actors who had memorized their lines. Other playwrights in this period also published their plays in quarto editions. Christopher Marlowe 's Doctor Faustus , for example, was published as a quarto in 1604 (Q1), with a second quarto edition in 1609. The same is true of poems, Shakespeare's poem Venus and Adonis being first printed as

208-597: The Acharnians , but they were left incomplete. The work by which he is best known is the Cambridge Shakespeare (1863–6), containing a collation of early editions and selected emendations, edited by him at first with John Glover and later with William Aldis Wright . Gazpacho (1853) gives an account of his tour in Spain; his Peloponnesus (1858) was a contribution to the knowledge of Greece. His visits to Italy at

234-625: The Cambridge Journal of Philology , and cooperated with Benjamin Hall Kennedy and James Riddell in the production of the Sabrinae Corolla . He published little as a classical scholar. A contemplated edition of the works of Aristophanes was never published. He visited Italy in 1868 to examine the Ravenna manuscript of Aristophanes and other manuscripts, and on his return began the notes to

260-460: The Elizabethan era and through the mid-seventeenth century, plays and poems were commonly printed as separate works in quarto format. Eighteen of Shakespeare's 36 plays included in first folio collected edition of 1623 , were previously separately printed as quartos, with a single exception that was printed in octavo. For example, Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1 , the most popular play of the era,

286-495: The Gutenberg Bible , surviving only as a fragment. Quarto is also used as a general description of size of books that are about 12 inches (30 cm) tall, and as such does not necessarily indicate the actual printing format of the books, which may even be unknown as is the case for many modern books. These terms are discussed in greater detail in book sizes . A quarto (from Latin quārtō , ablative form of quārtus , fourth)

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312-454: The 1921 edition of The Tempest , Wilson included a facsimile of the manuscript for Sir Thomas More and a full discussion of the copy for the texts, which afterward became required reading in the field. Shakespeare's hand in the manuscript for Sir Thomas More was discovered by Edward Maunde Thompson in Shakespeare's Handwriting: A Study (1916)—and treated in detail in what is still

338-580: The Church after the passing of the Clerical Disabilities Act 1870 ( 33 & 34 Vict. c. 91), of which he was one of the promoters. He also resigned the public oratorship in the same year, and in consequence of illness left Cambridge in 1873. He died at York on 6 November 1878. He bequeathed a sum of money to his old college for the foundation of a lectureship in English literature. Clark established

364-405: The appearance of the plays when first produced in the Elizabethan theatre ; this practice continued until Hodges' death in 2004. Notable editions published in the series include the first ever edition of the disputed play Edward III to be published as Shakespeare's as part of a series; and a controversial edition of Pericles, Prince of Tyre that rejects the conventional thesis that the play

390-483: The catalogue. Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, technology permitted the manufacture of large sheets or rolls of paper on which books were printed, many text pages at a time. As a result, it may be impossible to determine the actual format (i.e., number of leaves formed from each sheet fed into a press). The term "quarto" as applied to such books may refer simply to the size, i.e., books that are approximately 10 inches (250 mm) tall by 8 inches (200 mm) wide. During

416-444: The central fold. Generally, quartos have more squarish proportions than folios or octavos . There are variations in how quartos were produced. For example, bibliographers call a book printed as a quarto (four leaves per full sheet) but bound in gatherings of 8 leaves each a "quarto in 8s." The actual size of a quarto book depends on the size of the full sheet of paper on which it was printed. A demy quarto (abbreviated demy 4to)

442-448: The definitive study: Shakespeare's Hand in the Play of Sir Thomas More (1923) by Alfred W. Pollard , W. W. Greg , R. W. Chambers and Wilson—but The New Shakespeare was the first series of editions to bring this discovery to bear on editing Shakespeare. The series was also the first to apply Pollard's recognition of the primacy of the quartos to textual work. The last volume of the series

468-466: The end of each play. In what a modern editor called "a bold move for a Victorian edition", Clark and Wright restored various original phrases that had previously been considered profane, where needed to preserve metre or meaning. In 2009, Cambridge University Press reissued all nine volumes as part of their Cambridge Library Collection which aims to preserve access to "books of enduring scholarly value". The reissued editions are: The New Shakespeare

494-429: The relevant play in performance on an Elizabethan stage. In the 1990s, these covers were replaced with a new uniform blue design featuring a multicoloured sketch of Shakespeare's face based on a drawing by David Hockney . In the 2000s, the series was reissued again with each play receiving a specific photographic image (in colour). The earliest editions in the series feature drawings by C. Walter Hodges that reconstruct

520-510: The time of Garibaldi 's insurrection, and to Poland during the insurrection of 1863 , are described in Vacation Tourists , ed. Francis Galton , i and iii. Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro in Journal of Philology (viii. 1879) described Clark as "the most accomplished and versatile man he ever met". Attribution: Quarto Quarto (abbreviated Qto , 4to or 4º ) is the format of

546-416: The variable Elizabethan spelling, but generally left the grammar and metre unchanged. In the edition, each page of a play contains a critical apparatus at the end. Where the folio text differs markedly from the quarto editions the quarto text is included in small type after the main text. Notes on variants, emendations, or pointing out or clarifying passages of particular difficulty or interest are placed at

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572-554: Was Henry VIII , edited by J. C. Maxwell in 1969. The New Cambridge Shakespeare began in 1984, and several editions were published each year, so that today, all of Shakespeare's plays and poems are available in the series. The series was designed to replace The New Shakespeare series. The New Cambridge editions feature lengthy introductions and copious annotation. They are distinctive in appearance, being taller in shape than most of their competitors. The earliest editions featured cyan covers with an illustration by C. Walter Hodges of

598-401: Was born at Barford Hall, Darlington . He was educated at Sedbergh School , Shrewsbury School , and Trinity College, Cambridge , where he graduated in classics and won a Browne medal and was subsequently elected Fellow. In 1857 he was appointed Public Orator . He travelled much during the long vacations, visiting Spain, Greece, Italy and Poland. In 1853 Clark had taken orders, but left

624-492: Was first published as a quarto in 1598, with a second quarto edition in 1599, followed by a number of subsequent quarto editions. Bibliographers have extensively studied these different editions, which they refer to by abbreviations such as Q1, Q2, etc. The texts of some of the Shakespeare quartos are highly inaccurate and are full of errors and omissions. Bibliographer Alfred W. Pollard named those editions bad quartos , and it

650-507: Was poorly printed and the result of collaborative authorship . The series also uniquely produces fully edited modern-spelling editions of quarto texts when they differ significantly from the standard received text of the play. These include editions of the first quarto of Hamlet , the first quarto of Henry V , quarto King Lear , the Richard III , the quarto of Othello , the first quarto of Romeo and Juliet , and The Taming of

676-493: Was published between 1921 and 1969. The series was edited by Arthur Quiller-Couch and J. Dover Wilson . The earlier volumes of the series contain critical introductions by Quiller-Couch (signed "Q") and written in a belles lettres style that, according to R. A. Foakes in The Oxford Handbook to Shakespeare (2003), have been "largely forgotten". The textual work by Wilson, however, "proved enormously influential." In

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