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35-921: The Central Provinces became the Central Provinces and Berar in 1936 until the Independence of India . The main mountains in the division were the Mahadeo Hills , the central part of the Satpura Range , where Pachmarhi , the summer hill station for British officials, and the Pachmarhi Cantonment were located. The main towns in the division were Hoshangabad (15,863 inhabitants in 1881), Burhanpur (33,341 inhabitants in 1901) and Gadarwara (6,978 in 1901); other important towns were Khandwa , Harda , Narsinghpur , Chhindwara , Pandhurna , Sohagpur , Seoni and Mohgaon . The Nerbudda Division included

70-529: A Muslim independent, as ministers. In the 1926 election, the Swarajists split, with one faction continuing with the policies of obstruction and non-acceptance of office, while the Responsive Cooperation Party which chose to participate in government. After the election B. S. Moonje formed a ministry by uniting Responsive Cooperation, Independent Congress, Liberal, and independent legislators into

105-415: A National Party, with 33 members. The ministry collapsed in 1933 due to infighting among the ministers and a new ministry was formed under Raghavendra Rao with Muhammad Yusuf Shareef and V. B. Choubal as ministers. This ministry collapsed in 1934 and a new ministry was formed with B. G. Khaparde as Chief Minister and K. S. Naidu as the other minister. This ministry remained in office till 1937. In 1933,

140-607: A number of princely states were merged into the Central Provinces and Berar, which, when the Constitution of India went into effect in 1950, became the new Indian state of Madhya Bharat , merged with Madhya Pradesh in 1956, also meaning Central Province. As its name suggests, the province was situated in the center of the Indian peninsula. It comprised large portions of the broad belt of hill and plateau which interposes between

175-515: The doctrine of lapse . Until the formation of the Central Provinces in 1861, Nagpur Province , which consisted of the Nagpur Division, Chhindwara and Chhattisgarh, was administered by a commissioner under the central colonial government. The Saugor and Nerbudda Territories were joined with the Nagpur province to constitute the new Central Provinces in 1861. on 1 October 1903 Berar was placed under

210-415: The 53 elected members, 40 came from general constituencies (30 rural and 10 urban), 7 communal constituencies and 6 special constituencies (Central Provinces & Berar Mining Association, Central Provinces & Berar Commerce & Industry Association, Berar Commerce & Industry, and Central Provinces & Berar Landholders). The Indian National Congress had decided at its Calcutta Conference to boycott

245-787: The Bengal Presidency as Bihar and Orissa Province. On 1 April 1936, the province was partitioned into Bihar and the Orissa Province . In 1756, Bihar was part of the Bengal Subah and while Orissa was part of the Nagpur kingdom within the Maratha Confederacy . The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on 16 August 1765, between the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II , son of the late Emperor Alamgir II , and Robert, Lord Clive, of

280-590: The Bihar & Orissa Legislative Council from 43 to 103 members. The Legislative Council now consisted of 2 ex-officio Executive Councillors, 25 nominated members (12 official, 13 non-official) and 76 elected members (48 Non-Muslim, 18 Muslim, 1 European, 3 Commerce & Industry, 5 Landholders and 1 University constituencies). The reforms also introduced the principle of dyarchy , whereby certain responsibilities such as agriculture, health, education, and local government, were transferred to elected ministers. On 1 April 1936,

315-747: The British districts, 3,441,838 for Berar, and 2,483,214 in the princely states. The 1941 Census of India counted 16,813,584 persons in the province, of which 2,093,767 were urban and 14,719,817 were rural. The Central provinces and Berar was made up of 22 districts, grouped into five divisions : The Central provinces and Berar included also 15 princely states , whose native rulers enjoyed indirect rule under British protection . Salute states , in order of precendence : Non-salute states, alphabetically : 21°09′N 79°05′E  /  21.15°N 79.09°E  / 21.15; 79.09 Bihar and Orissa Province Bihar and Orissa

350-680: The Central Provinces & Berar. In 1903, the Marathi-speaking Berar region of the Hyderabad princely state was placed under the administration of the Governor of the Central Provinces, although it officially remained part of Hyderabad, leased in perpetuity by the Government of India. In 1905, most of Sambalpur district and the princely states of Bamra , Rairakhol, Sonpur , Patna , and Kalahandi were transferred to Bengal Province and

385-415: The Central Provinces and Berar. Droughts in 1917 and 1920 caused famine in several districts, and the Central Provinces were affected by bubonic plague in 1911, 1912, 1915, 1917, and 1918, and by the 1918 influenza pandemic . In the 1921 census, the population declined by 0.3% from 1911 to 15,970,660. The 1931 census found a total population of 17,990,937 for the Central Provinces and Berar - 12,065,885 for

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420-412: The Central Provinces before 1936, were merged into the province, and organized into new districts. When the Constitution of India went into effect in 1950, the Central Provinces & Berar was reorganized with territorial changes as the state of Madhya Pradesh , which name also means Central Province. On 1 November 1956, Madhya Bharat, together with the states of Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal State ,

455-611: The Council. The Montagu-Chelmsford reforms also introduced the principle of dyarchy , whereby certain responsibilities such as agriculture, health, education, and local government, were transferred to elected ministers but some responsibilities such as home, finance and revenue were reserved with the Members of the Executive Council of the Governor. Some of the Indians who served as members of

490-725: The East India Company, as a result of the Battle of Buxar of 22 October 1764. The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of British rule in India. Based on the terms of the agreement, Alam granted the East India Company Diwani rights, or the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Emperor from the eastern province of Bengal-Bihar-Orissa. Bihar was acquired through annexation of Bengal Subah , while Orissa

525-506: The Governor's Executive Council were Moropant Vishvanath Joshi (Home) and E. Raghavendra Rao. By 1923, the nationalists had decided to participate in the legislative elections, and in the November and December 1923 election, and the Swaraj Party , which advocated Indian independence, won 41 of the 54 elected seats. 4 seats went to independents who generally allied with the Swarajists, four to

560-547: The Governor-General's declaration of war on Germany without consulting with Indian leaders, and the Central Provinces & Berar came under Governor's Rule . Another round of elections were held in 1946, yielding another Congress majority, and Shukla again became Premier. India became independent on 15 August and the Central Provinces & Berar became a province of the Dominion of India . The princely states, which were under

595-528: The Liberals, and five to independents allied with the Liberals. The Swarajists were led by B. S. Moonje from Vidarbha, E. Raghavendra Rao from Mahakoshal, and S. B. Tambe and B. G. Khaparde of Berar. S. M. Chitnavis was leader of the Liberals. Despite winning a majority of seats, the Swarajists, consistent with the party's policy of obstruction and non-acceptance of office, refused to form a government, and Governor Frank Sly selected Chitnavis and Syed Hifazat Ali,

630-596: The United Provinces of Agra & Oudh). In 1842, in consequence of an uprising, they were again placed under the jurisdiction of an agent to the governor-general. They were restored to the North-Western Province in 1853. In 1818, the Maratha Bhonsle Maharajas of Nagpur submitted to British sovereignty. In 1853, on the death of Raghoji III without heirs, Nagpur was annexed by the British under

665-478: The administration of the commissioner of the Central Provinces. In October 1905, most of Sambalpur and the princely states of Bamra , Rairakhol , Sonpur , Patna , and Kalahandi were transferred from the Central Provinces and Berar to Bengal , while the Hindi-speaking Chota Nagpur States of Chang Bhakar , British Korea , Surguja , Udaipur, and Jashpur were transferred from Bengal to

700-701: The defeat of the Marathas in the Third Anglo-Maratha War , the territories north of the Satpura Range ceded in 1817 by the Maratha Peshwa (parts of Saugor and Damoh) and in 1818 by Appa Sahib , were in 1820, formed into the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories under an agent to the governor-general . In 1835 the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories were included in the newly formed North-Western Provinces (which later became

735-491: The election of a provincial assembly, with an electorate made up of men with a minimum of financial resources, and excluding women and the poor. Supervisory powers over the enclaved and attached Princely States were reserved to the Governor and removed from the authority of the popular provincial governments. Elections were held in 1937, and the Indian National Congress took a majority of the seats but declined to form

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770-528: The elections as part of the Non-cooperation Movement , and many prominent nationalist leaders, including Ravishankar Shukla , E. Raghavendra Rao, B. S. Moonje , Daulat Singh, Makhan Lal Chaturvedi , and Vishnudutta Shukla , either decided not to run, or withdrew their candidacies. The legislative seats went mostly to Liberals and Loyalists. Gangadhar Rao Chitnavis was nominated as the President of

805-484: The following districts: Makrai State was the only princely state within the division and was under the supervision of the Nerbudda commissioner. 22°45′N 77°43′E  /  22.750°N 77.717°E  / 22.750; 77.717 Central Provinces and Berar The Central Provinces and Berar was a province of British India and later the Dominion of India which existed from 1903 to 1950. It

840-514: The government. A minority provisional government was formed under E. Raghavendra Rao. The Congress reversed its decision and resolved to accept office in July 1937. Therefore, the Governor invited N. B. Khare to form the government in August 1937. Khare resigned in 1938, and Ravi Shankar Shukla next became Premier. In 1939, along with Congress leaders from other provinces, Shukla resigned in protest of

875-749: The plains of the Ganges and the Deccan Plateau. The Central Provinces and Berar were bounded on the north and northeast by the Central India Agency , including the Bundelkhand and Bagelkhand agencies, and along the northern edge of Saugor District by the United Provinces ; on the west by the princely states of Bhopal , Gwalior & Indore and by the Khandesh District of Bombay Presidency ; on

910-671: The princely states in Chhattisgarh Division were transferred to the Eastern States Agency , and Makrai to the Central India Agency . On 24 October 1936, the Central Provinces became the Central Provinces and Berar when it was fully merged with Berar Division , although it remained under the nominal sovereignty of Hyderabad. In 1935, the Government of India Act was passed by the British Parliament. This act provided for

945-487: The princely states of Changbhakar , Korea , Surguja , Udaipur , and Jashpur were transferred from Bengal to the Central Provinces. The Government of India Act 1912 permitted the creation of legislative councils for provinces under a chief commissioner, and on 8 November 1913, the Central Provinces Legislative Council was formed. The Government of India Act 1919 changed the administrator of

980-574: The province from a chief commissioner to a governor, and enlarged the legislative council and expanded the voting franchise. The first elections for the Legislative Council under the 1919 Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms were in November and December 1920. The Council consisted of 71 members - 53 elected members, 2 ex-officio members (members of Executive Council), and 16 official and non-official nominated members (Zamindar owners declared as backward, Depressed Classes, Europeans and Anglo-Indians). Out of

1015-461: The province was divided into Bihar Province (which included present-day Bihar and Jharkhand states) and Orissa Province , and the Odia speaking princely states placed under the authority of the Eastern States Agency . From 1912 to 1920, the province had a lieutenant governor heading the provincial government. This post was upgraded to governor in 1920, when Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha

1050-452: The south by Hyderabad State , and on the east by Orissa (till 1936, a part of Bihar and Orissa Province ) and the Eastern States Agency . The Central Provinces comprised 19th-century British conquests from the Mughals and Marathas in central India, and covered much of present-day Chhattisgarh with portions of Madhya Pradesh , and Maharashtra states. Its capital was Nagpur . After

1085-533: Was a province of British India , which included the present-day Indian states of Bihar , Jharkhand , and parts of Odisha . The territories were conquered by the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, and were governed by the then Indian Civil Service of the Bengal Presidency , the largest administrative subdivision in British India. On 22 March 1912, both Bihar and Orissa divisions were separated from

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1120-579: Was annexed by the British following the defeat of the Marathas in the Anglo-Maratha Wars . Bihar and Orissa was separated from Bengal on 22 March 1912, with Patna as capital. A number of princely states , including the Orissa Tributary States , were under the authority of the provincial governor. The Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms enacted through the Government of India Act 1919 expanded

1155-518: Was formed by the merger of the Central Provinces with the province of Berar , which was territory leased by the British from the Hyderabad State . Through an agreement signed on 5 November 1902, 6th Nizam Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI leased Berar permanently to the British for an annual payment of 25 lakhs rupees. Lord Curzon decided to merge Berar with the Central Provinces, and this was proclaimed on 17 September 1903. The Central Provinces

1190-525: Was formed in 1861 by the merger of the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories and Nagpur Province . Administration of the Berar region of the Hyderabad princely state was assigned to the Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces in 1903, and for administrative purposes, Berar was merged with the Central Provinces to form the Central Provinces and Berar on 24 October 1936. After Indian Independence in 1947,

1225-478: Was merged into Madhya Pradesh. In 1956, strong demand due to linguistic similarity from Marathi Irredentists , the Berar and Nagpur divisions were transferred to Bombay State . In 1960, the Bombay State was partitioned into Maharashtra & Gujarat . In 2000, the eastern portion of Madhya Pradesh was split off to become the new state of Chhattisgarh . The 1911 census counted a population of 16,033,310 for

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