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46-576: 17 December 1970 the Council of Ministers issued a resolution "On the construction and renovation works of the Ministry of the automotive industry to ensure the Kama Automobile Plant parts and component parts." As you know, in those years, KamAZ - auto giant in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny - has been an All-construction project. It was decided to build the satellites and plants that would be supplied for

92-495: A " corporation , partnership , association, joint-stock company , trust , fund , or organized group of persons , whether incorporated or not, and (in an official capacity) any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, or similar official, or liquidating agent , for any of the foregoing". Less common types of companies are: When "Ltd" is placed after the company's name, it signifies a limited company, and "PLC" ( public limited company ) indicates that its shares are widely held. In

138-430: A car, and prefer other modes of transport. Other potentially powerful automotive markets are Iran and Indonesia . Emerging automobile markets already buy more cars than established markets. According to a J.D. Power study, emerging markets accounted for 51 percent of the global light-vehicle sales in 2010. The study, performed in 2010 expected this trend to accelerate. However, more recent reports (2012) confirmed

184-577: A company is a body corporate or corporation company registered under the Companies Acts or under similar legislation. Common forms include: In the United Kingdom, a partnership is not legally a company, but may sometimes be referred to (informally) as a "company". It may be referred to as a "firm" . In the United States , a company is not necessarily a corporation. For example, a company may be

230-615: A gas engine is recognized as the winner of the All-Russian contest "100 best goods of Russia" Automotive industry The automotive industry comprises a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design , development , manufacturing , marketing , selling , repairing , and modification of motor vehicles . It is one of the world's largest industries by revenue (from 16% such as in France up to 40% to countries such as Slovakia). The word automotive comes from

276-544: A group of major car manufacturers including GM , Ford , Volvo , BYD Auto , Jaguar Land Rover and Mercedes-Benz committed to "work towards all sales of new cars and vans being zero emission globally by 2040, and by no later than 2035 in leading markets". Major car manufacturing nations like the United States, Germany, China, Japan and South Korea, as well as Volkswagen , Toyota , Peugeot , Honda , Nissan and Hyundai , did not pledge. The global automotive industry

322-591: A joint venture agreement to manufacture Challenger Equipment combine harvesters under the AGCO-NEFAZ-Challenger brand, such as the AGCO-NEFAZ Challenger 647 . In 2010, the largest automobile Corporation of the Russian Federation. Tony amaradio says JSC "KAMAZ" occupies 13-e a place among leading world manufacturers of heavy trucks.One of the promising directions of development of JSC "KAMAZ"

368-430: A stationary car, to a conveyor belt system where the car passed through multiple stations of more specialized engineers. Starting in the 1960s, robotic equipment was introduced to the process, and most cars are now mainly assembled by automated machinery. For many decades, the United States led the world in total automobile production, with the U.S. Big Three General Motors , Ford Motor Company , and Chrysler being

414-436: A top producer 1950s : United Kingdom, Germany, and France restarted production. 1960s : Japan started production and increased volume through the 1980s. United States, Japan, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom produced about 80% of motor vehicles through the 1980s. 1990s : South Korea became a volume producer. In 2004, Korea became No. 5 passing France. 2000s : China increased its production drastically, and became

460-456: A year, after reaching 29 million for the first time in 2017 and 28 million the year before. From 1970 (140 models) over 1998 (260 models) to 2012 (684 models), the number of automobile models in the U.S. has grown exponentially. Safety is a state that implies being protected from any risk, danger, damage, or cause of injury. In the automotive industry, safety means that users, operators, or manufacturers do not face any risk or danger coming from

506-444: Is a legal entity representing an association of legal people, whether natural , juridical or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared goals. Over time, companies have evolved to have the following features: "separate legal personality, limited liability, transferable shares, investor ownership, and a managerial hierarchy". The company, as an entity,

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552-643: Is a major consumer of water. Some estimates surpass 180,000 L (39,000 imp gal) of water per car manufactured, depending on whether tyre production is included. Production processes that use a significant volume of water include surface treatment, painting, coating, washing, cooling, air-conditioning, and boilers, not counting component manufacturing. Paintshop operations consume especially large amounts of water because equipment running on water-based products must also be cleaned with water. In 2022, Tesla's Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg ran into legal challenges due to droughts and falling groundwater levels in

598-463: Is a primary mode of transportation for many developed economies. The Detroit branch of Boston Consulting Group predicted that, by 2014, one-third of world demand would be in the four BRIC markets (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). Meanwhile, in developed countries, the automotive industry has slowed. It is also expected that this trend will continue, especially as the younger generations of people (in highly urbanized countries) no longer want to own

644-507: Is considered one of the best practice frameworks for achieving automotive functional safety . In case of safety issues, danger, product defect , or faulty procedure during the manufacturing of the motor vehicle, the maker can request to return either a batch or the entire production run. This procedure is called product recall . Product recalls happen in every industry and can be production-related or stem from raw materials. Product and operation tests and inspections at different stages of

690-539: Is designed for more than 200 km. In 2013 it began production of the second-generation of NefAZ-5299 bus. See article: List of NefAZ buses NefAZ occupies about 30% of the Russian bus market. In 2005, the NefAZ sold 1,156 buses. Together with DAF and VDL ( Netherlands ) developed a 15-meter low-floor city buses . In 2012, revenues from sales of goods and services amounted to 10 billion 59 million rubles,

736-587: Is the development and production of vehicles of ecological class "Euro-4" and "Euro-5" the development of collections of cars on gas fuel and with a combo drive. In the second quarter of 2012 NefAZ going to bring to the market Marcopolo SA buses, produced on KamAZ chassis in a joint venture with the same Brazilian manufacturer Marcopolo SA formed a joint venture to produce Marcopolo Bravis small capacity buses (25 seats) in September 2011. August 28, 2012 certified electric bus NefAZ-5262 . Separated electrical course

782-495: The Greek autos (self), and Latin motivus (of motion ), referring to any form of self-powered vehicle. This term, as proposed by Elmer Sperry (1860–1930), first came into use to describe automobiles in 1898. The automotive industry began in the 1860s with hundreds of manufacturers pioneering the horseless carriage . Early car manufacturing involved manual assembly by a human worker. The process evolved from engineers working on

828-653: The Old French term compagnie (first recorded in 1150), meaning "society, friendship, intimacy; body of soldiers", which came from the Late Latin word companio ("one who eats bread with you"), first attested in the Salic law ( c. AD 500) as a calque of the Germanic expression gahlaibo (literally, "with bread"), related to Old High German galeipo ("companion") and to Gothic gahlaiba ("messmate"). By 1303,

874-462: The PSA Group had been in the top 8 1999 to 2012, and 2007 to 2012 one of the eight largest along with the seven largest as of 2017) and the five largest in the top 5 positions since 2007, according to OICA, which, however, stopped publishing statistics of motor vehicle production by manufacturer after 2017. All ten remained as the ten largest automakers by sales until the merger between Fiat-Chrysler and

920-485: The value chain are made to avoid these product recalls by ensuring end-user security and safety and compliance with the automotive industry requirements. However, the automotive industry is still particularly concerned about product recalls, which cause considerable financial consequences. In 2007, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road, consuming over 980 billion litres (980,000,000 m ) of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The automobile

966-550: The CEO of "NefAZ" R.S.Malikov, V.M.Syutkin technical director and chief pilot plant Z.A.Garipov. Certificate of Conformity GOST R ISO 9001-2001 (ISO 9001:2000) Honorary Diploma of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation "Best Russian Exporter 2004". Diploma and the Government of the Republic of Belarus Cup "For the contribution to the economic development of

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1012-645: The PSA Group in early 2021 ; only Renault was degraded to 11th place, in 2022, when being surpassed by both BMW (which became the 10th largest in 2021) and Chang'an . These were the twenty largest manufacturers by production volume in 2012 and 2013, or the 21 largest in 2011 (before the Fiat-Chrysler merger ), of which the fourteen largest as of 2011 were in the top 14 in 2010, 2008 and 2007 (but not 2009, when Changan and Mazda temporarily degraded Chrysler to 16th place). The eighteen largest as of 2013 have remained in

1058-472: The Republic of Bashkortostan" at 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 The diploma of the winner of the Fifth National Competition "1000 Best of enterprises and organizations of Russia" "For efficient operation, high achievements and stable operation" in 2004 and 2005. Diploma for "Best Industrial Company of the Republic of Bashkortostan" in 2006 and 2007. In 2011, a passenger bus NEFAZ-5299-30-31 with

1104-423: The U.S. was overtaken by Japan and then became a world leader again in 1994. Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production during 2006 and 2007, and in 2008 also China , which in 2009 took the top spot (from Japan) with 13.8 million units, although the U.S. surpassed Japan in 2011, to become the second-largest automobile industry. In 2023, China had for the first time in history more than 30 million produced vehicles

1150-423: The beginning of January 2007 and they NEFAZ began with the production of new buses. In 2007, it started production of the low-entry version of NefAZ-5299 bus. The company was affected by the economic crisis since the autumn of 2008 and is currently reduced production technology, reducing the number of employees. On 18 July 2008 it was 11,399 people, of July 13, 2009 - already 9,588. In 2009, NefAZ and AGCO signed

1196-538: The factory became the Open Joint Stock Company "NEFAZ." In August, 2000 and began to develop a first-class city bus (by International Classification) large capacity. December 6, 2000 and presented the first large urban bus " NefAZ-5299 ." In 2004 put into production restyled version of NefAZ-5299 large bus. In the middle of 2006 and the plant became interested in the Dutch-Belgian concern VDL, and now since

1242-524: The first KamAZ-5511 10-ton dump truck. October 11, 1977 and the main line was launched. Began mass production of "KamAZ-5511" dump trucks. October 31, 1977 and was approved by an act of the State Commission on the acceptance of the first stage Neftekamsky plant to produce trucks. In 1981 have put into operation the first shift of buses production. Production capacity - 3000 buses per year. 19 May 1982 and released 100,000th truck "KamAZ-5511." In 1993 at

1288-597: The legal context, the owners of a company are normally referred to as the "members". In a company limited or unlimited by shares (formed or incorporated with a share capital), this will be the shareholders . In a company limited by guarantee , this will be the guarantors. Some offshore jurisdictions have created special forms of offshore company in a bid to attract business for their jurisdictions. Examples include segregated portfolio companies and restricted purpose companies. However, there are many sub-categories of company types that can be formed in various jurisdictions in

1334-479: The level of the business plan in 2012 amounted to 102.3 per cent (previous year - 111.1 per cent). Including shipped: As envisaged a business plan for the implementation of the investment program received funds in the amount of 200 million rubles. The economic effect of the implementation of measures "production system" has made 356 million rubles. As a result of operating activities for 2012 operating profit amounted to 509.5 million rubles (fin.planom

1380-479: The list below) currently possess the capability to design original production automobiles from the ground up, and 17 countries (listed below) have at least one million produced vehicles a year (as of 2023). These were the ten largest manufacturers by production volume as of 2017, of which the eight largest were in the top 8 positions since Fiat's 2013 acquisition of the Chrysler Corporation (although

1426-401: The motor vehicle or its spare parts. Safety for the automobiles themselves implies that there is no risk of damage. Safety in the automotive industry is particularly important and therefore highly regulated. Automobiles and other motor vehicles have to comply with a certain number of regulations, whether local or international, in order to be accepted on the market. The standard ISO 26262 ,

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1472-400: The national contest "Best Goods of Bashkortostan", and the "100 best goods of Russia". In 2006, bus transportation for people with disabilities "NEFAZ-52-99-10-15" was the winner of the program "100 best goods of Russia". In 2007, "NEFAZ-VDL-52997" low-entry city bus recognized as Laureate Program "100 best goods of Russia". In 2008, the tourist bus "NEFAZ-VDL-52999" recognized as winner of

1518-630: The one you need. December 25, 1970 the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of Construction issued the order No. 65 "On the establishment of a plant for the production of dump trucks and winches" in Neftekamsk Bashkir ASSR. A similar order number 4 on January 8, 1971 by the Minister of the automotive industry in the USSR. 13 July 1972 started construction of the plant. April 15, 1977 assembled

1564-625: The opposite; namely that the automotive industry was slowing down even in BRIC countries. In the United States, vehicle sales peaked in 2000, at 17.8 million units. In July 2021, the European Commission released its " Fit for 55 " legislation package, which contains important guidelines for the future of the automotive industry; all new cars on the European market must be zero-emission vehicles from 2035. The governments of 24 developed countries and

1610-548: The program "100 best goods of Russia". In 2009, the intercity bus "NEFAZ-VDL-52996" recognized as Laureate Program "100 best goods of Russia". In 2010, the three-axle 15-meter bus "NEFAZ-VDL-52998" recognized as Laureate Program "100 best goods of Russia". For the creation of design, technology and organization of production of passenger buses of the State Prize of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 2001 in Science and Technology awarded

1656-770: The region. Brandenburg's Economy Minister Joerg Steinbach said that while water supply was sufficient during the first stage, more would be needed once Tesla expands the site. The factory would nearly double the water consumption in the Gruenheide area, with 1.4 million cubic meters being contracted from local authorities per year — enough for a city of around 40,000 people. Steinbach said that the authorities would like to drill for more water there and outsource any additional supply if necessary. 1960s : Post-war increase 1970s : Oil crisis and tighter safety and emission regulation 1990s : Production started in NICs . 2000s : Rise of China as

1702-423: The reputation of the exchange or particular market of an exchange. Private companies do not have publicly traded shares, and often contain restrictions on transfers of shares. In some jurisdictions, private companies have maximum numbers of shareholders. A parent company is a company that owns enough voting stock in another firm to control management and operations by influencing or electing its board of directors;

1748-441: The resulting entities are often known as corporate groups . A company can be defined as an "artificial person", invisible, intangible, created by or under law, with a discrete legal capacity (or "personality"), perpetual succession , and a common seal . Except for some senior positions, companies remain unaffected by the death, insanity, or insolvency of an individual member. The English word, " company ", has its origins in

1794-480: The student-competition "100 best goods of Russia". In 2002, the shuttle bus "NEFAZ-5299-01" was also the winner of the national contest "Best Goods of Bashkortostan" and the winner of the competition "100 best goods of Russia". In 2003, the intercity bus "NEFAZ-5299-10" has received the diploma of the winner of the contest "Best Goods of Bashkortostan" and became the winner of the competition "100 best goods of Russia". In 2005, tourist bus "NEFAZ-52991" won diploma of

1840-430: The top 20 as of 2017, except Mitsubishi which fell out of top 20 in 2016, while Geely fell out of the top 20 in 2014 and 2015 but re-entered it in 2016. It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies. Notable current relationships include: Company A company , abbreviated as co. ,

1886-533: The word company referred to trade guilds . The usage of the term company to mean "business association" was first recorded in 1553, and the abbreviation "co." dates from 1769. According to the Company Law of the People's Republic of China , companies include the limited liability company and joint-stock limited company which founded in the mainland China. In English law and in legal jurisdictions based upon it,

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1932-457: The world's largest-producing country in 2009. 2010s : India overtakes Korea, Canada, Spain to become 5th largest automobile producer. 2013 : The share of China (25.4%), India, Korea, Brazil, and Mexico rose to 43%, while the share of United States (12.7%), Japan, Germany, France, and United Kingdom fell to 34%. The OICA counts over 50 countries that assemble, manufacture, or disseminate automobiles. Of those, only 15 countries ( boldfaced in

1978-476: The world's three largest auto manufacturers for a time, and G.M. and Ford remaining the two largest until the mid-2000s. In 1929, before the Great Depression , the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, of which the U.S. automobile enterprises produced more than 90%. At that time, the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons. After 1945, the U.S. produced around three-quarters of the world's auto production. In 1980,

2024-406: The world. Companies are also sometimes distinguished for legal and regulatory purposes between public companies and private companies . Public companies are companies whose shares can be publicly traded, often (although not always) on a stock exchange which imposes listing requirements / Listing Rules as to the issued shares, the trading of shares and future issue of shares to help bolster

2070-501: Was created by the state which granted the privilege of incorporation. Companies take various forms, such as: A company can be created as a legal person so that the company itself has limited liability as members perform or fail to discharge their duties according to the publicly declared incorporation published policy. When a company closes, it may need to be liquidated to avoid further legal obligations. Companies may associate and collectively register themselves as new companies;

2116-407: Was intended to gain 352.8 million). Net income for 2012 amounted to 52.5 million rubles. The main targets set out in the business plan for 2013 - providing the amount of revenue from sales of products, goods and services worth at least 10 billion 98 million rubles. In 2001, the urban bus "NEFAZ-5299" was the winner of the national contest "Best Goods of Bashkortostan" program and

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