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76-499: NPS ( Nederlandse Programma Stichting ) (English: Dutch Programme Foundation ) was a Dutch government-funded radio and TV broadcasting foundation. In the Dutch public broadcasting system , broadcasters – in the Dutch context, listener and viewer associations – do not have their own stations but are allotted time on the three public television and eight public radio networks broadly in relation to

152-506: A pension credit benefit will continue to be eligible for a free licence. On the Isle of Man , a free TV licence scheme was funded by the Isle of Man Department of Social Care . The BBC maintained the free licence scheme for all over 75s until 31 December 2020. From 1 January 2021, this was replaced by a scheme whereby the BBC funds free TV licences for the 500 over 75s in receipt of Income Support, and

228-482: A television licence . This applies regardless of transmission method, including terrestrial , satellite , cable , or for BBC iPlayer internet streaming. The television licence is the instrument used to raise revenue to fund the BBC and S4C . Businesses, hospitals, schools and a range of other organisations are also required by law to hold television licences to watch and record live TV broadcasts. The licence, originally

304-604: A TV licence at the beginning of 2012. The comparable figures for Guernsey are 23,673 licences in force in January 2012 and 40,263 addresses on the database at the end of December 2011. Thus there were around 41% unlicensed properties in Guernsey at the beginning of 2012. When television broadcasts in the UK were resumed after a break due to the Second World War, it was decided to introduce

380-614: A TV licence. Section 365 of the same Act requires the payment of the TV licence fee to the BBC. The licence fee is formally set by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport by the use of statutory instruments . The relevant statutory instruments are the Communications (Television Licensing) Regulations 2004 and amendments since that time such as the Communications (Television Licensing) (Amendment) Regulations 2010. As well as prescribing

456-596: A budget shortfall of 200 million euro. To address this, the number of broadcasting associations within the public system is to be reduced. Mergers and/or cooperations have been confirmed between existing broadcasting associations: There are currently eleven member-based broadcasting associations: In addition, there are now two official "public service broadcasters" created under the Media Act of 1988: The broadcasting organisations produce programmes for three main television channels and eight digital channels. Since 4 July 2009

532-403: A copy of the document of blind registration or a certificate from an ophthalmologist. The concessionary TV licence covers TV use by the whole household. Those aged over 60 and in residential care homes (including nursing homes, public-sector sheltered housing and almshouses) qualify for Accommodation for Residential Care (ARC) licences for £7.50 a year. TV licence sales figures were quoted by

608-414: A few years passing between changes. From 1988 to 2010, the licence fee was increased annually each April. Between April 2010 and April 2017 the licence fee remained constant at £145.50 per year. As of 1 April 2021, it costs £159 for a colour licence and £53.50 for a black and white TV licence. The BBC allows the following forms of payment of the licence fee: The payment methods mean that the licence fee

684-414: A licence is renewed after the expiry date of the previous licence. The BBC does this as it assumes that TV was being watched in the interim period between expiry and renewal. Short dated licences are set to expire 12 months after the previous expiry date. If a TV licence is no longer needed for an address, it is possible to cancel a licence and apply for a partial refund. The amount refunded will depend on

760-489: A licence, taking statements, and achieving prosecutions of TV licence evaders. TV Licensing debt collection is carried out by Akinika, which is a debt collection agency owned by Capita. Capita's TV Licensing headquarters is at India Mill, in Darwen, Lancashire. Capita employs a number of subcontractors for part of its TV Licensing operations – one important one being Computer Sciences Corporation which provides and modernises

836-480: A quarter, which is included in the licence fee total. This addition is described as "a small charge" in the generic letter issued by TV Licensing to those paying by direct debit, and on the TV Licensing website it is justified with: "By paying quarterly the majority of your licence is paid for as you use it. This differs from our other instalment schemes, where at least half of the licence fee is collected in advance. As

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912-623: A radio licence, was introduced in November 1923 using powers under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1904 , and cost 10 shillings per annum. The licence was extended to televisions at a cost of £2 in June 1946. The radio part was abolished in February 1971. A television licence is also required to receive video on demand programme services provided by the BBC via its iPlayer service. Since 1 April 2024,

988-648: A result, quarterly payments incur a small premium of £1.25 per quarter which is included in your payment." Typically, direct debit schemes in the UK for major utilities or publicly provided services operate in a reverse way, granting a discount to direct debit payers. In the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, over the counter services are provided by the Post Office rather than by PayPoint outlets. Between November 2000 and April 2018, TV licences were provided to people over

1064-543: A television licence fee to fund the service. When first introduced on 1 June 1946, the licence covering the monochrome-only single-channel BBC television service cost £2 (equivalent to £104.79 as of 2023). The licence was originally issued by the General Post Office (GPO), which was then the regulator of public communications within the UK. The GPO also issued licences for home radio receivers powered by mains electricity as well as non removable vehicle mounted radios and

1140-587: Is carried out in Mumbai, India but after reportage in Panorama about scammers from India, the Indian office of Capita was closed permanently. Marketing and printing services, including reminder letters and licence distribution, are carried out by Proximity London Limited. Media services are contracted to Havas Media . Other contractors involved in TV Licensing include PayPoint which provides over-the-counter services in

1216-412: Is collected by the BBC and primarily used to fund the radio, television and online services of the BBC itself. Licence fee collection is the responsibility of the BBC's Finance and Business division. Although the money is raised for its own use and collected by the BBC itself, the BBC does not directly use the collected fees. The money received is first paid into the government's Consolidated Fund . It

1292-467: Is paid for either completely or partially in advance. Annual payments require complete payment in advance. For monthly direct debit, a new licence is paid off in 6 monthly instalments of just over £24 a month. Renewal licences are paid for in 12 monthly instalments starting 6 months before expiry of the licence in force i.e. starting 6 months before the renewal date. Quarterly payments made using direct debit carry an additional cost of £5.00 per year, or £1.25

1368-520: Is subsequently included in the 'vote' for the Department of Culture, Media and Sport in that year's Appropriation Act , and passed back to the BBC for the running of the BBC's own services (free from commercial advertisements ). The money also finances programming for S4C and the BBC World Service , and included the running costs of BBC Monitoring at Caversham until it was relocated to London and

1444-520: Is to give a voice to each social group in multicultural Dutch society. The number of hours allocated to each broadcaster corresponds roughly to the number of members each organization can recruit (although this does not apply to NOS and NTR – see below). Since 2000, the system has been financed out of general taxation rather than from broadcast receiver licence fees. This is supplemented by a limited amount of on-air advertising (provided by STER ), which has been allowed since 1967. Nearly all viewers in

1520-521: The NOS , charged with providing news and sport programmes as well as with the general coordination of the public system. A new Media Act in 1988 meant that broadcasters were no longer obliged to use production facilities supplied by the NOS. These facilities were spun off into a new private company, NOB. Programme quotas were introduced: Associations had to produce: A new media regulator ( Commissariaat voor de Media )

1596-570: The NPS (Netherlands Programming Foundation). NOS was charged with providing news, sport and coverage of important live events, while the NPS provided cultural and children's programming. The previous NOS management was replaced by a three-person board, charged with developing strategies and responsibility for all public output. Programming co-ordinators were appointed for each of the television and radio networks, and channel identities were created, largely replacing

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1672-541: The Finance and Business division of the BBC, oversees the TV Licensing system. The TV Licence Management Team is based in the BBC buildings at White City Place in London. The majority of TV licensing administration and enforcement activities are carried out under contract by private companies. The TV Licence Management Team oversees the performance of the contractors. The BBC pursues its licence fee collection and enforcement under

1748-593: The RVU institutions merged into one public broadcaster, the NTR , delivering cultural, educational, current affairs and children's programmes to the public system. On 18 January 2010, Henk Hagoort, chairman of the NPO Management Board, announced a scaling back of the number of broadcasting associations using the public airwaves to 15 by 2015. He also warned of the threat of political parties which could influence programming in

1824-474: The 2002 reorganization, the Dutch public broadcasting system was managed by NOS . In 2002, it was put under control of " Nederlandse Publieke Omroep " (Dutch Public Broadcasting foundation), abbreviated as NPO. According to Articles 2.2 and 2.19 of the Media Act, NPO was appointed as the governing organization of the public broadcasting system of the Netherlands until 2020; this concession was later extended until

1900-546: The Act; in particular, under section 31, which permits the withholding of information on crime prevention grounds and under section 43(2), which allows the BBC to retain information judged commercially sensitive. In January 2006, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) changed the classification of the licence fee from a service charge to a tax. Explaining the change, the ONS said: "in line with

1976-416: The BBC to be 25.562 million in the year 2014–15, including 4.502 million concessionary licences for the over 75s, which were paid for by the UK government. The equivalent figures for the year 2013–14 were 25.478 million total licences including 4.328 million licences for the over 75s. In 2014–15, the BBC estimated that there were 26.916 million licensable properties in the UK (defined as premises where live TV

2052-421: The BBC's average annual licence fee income is 3.7 Billion GBP and the UK adult population is about 53 million (total population is 68 million), so the average cost per person is about 70 GBP. Since the very beginning in the early 1920s, public broadcasting in the Netherlands has been split into different broadcasting associations with their members composed of listeners and viewers. These associations were based on

2128-417: The BBC's questionnaire, 48% were in favour of retaining the existing concessionary system, 37% preferred reforming the concession and 17% preferred the option of abolition of the concession. The BBC discontinued the full concession, but continued to offer free licences on a means-tested basis; from August 2020, most over 75s were required to pay the full licence fee, but households where one person receives

2204-676: The Dutch public broadcasting system is allocated funds from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. In 2018 the allocation was 794 million Euro with yearly revenues from advertising averaging around 200 million Euro. The cost to each adult Dutch citizen is approximately 45 Euro per year, which is on a similar level to VRT in Flemish Belgium (46 Euro). In comparison, the BBC in the United Kingdom gets its revenue from an annual household licence fee of 159 GBP, approx 188 Euro. As of 2020,

2280-577: The Isle of Man Government is funding free TV licences for 2021 for the remaining 4,500 at a cost of around £800,000. There are schemes for elderly residents of the Channel Islands , but they vary in detail and eligibility. Licences are half price for the legally blind . To qualify for the concession, a blind or severely sight-impaired person must apply to the TV Licensing Blind Concession Group with proof of impairment, either

2356-558: The NPO Start website and through the apps for Android, iOS and Smart TV. NPO Start is free of charge and offers a variety of programmes shown on NPO 1 , NPO 2 and NPO 3 the past 7 days. There is a subscription premium service as well that is called NPO Plus . This service allows viewers to watch shows and TV series that were broadcast more than 7 days ago. There are also no commercial breaks. NPO Start launched on 4 July 2017. It replaced Uitzending Gemist launched in 2003. In addition to

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2432-493: The Netherlands are member-based broadcasting associations that share common facilities. This arrangement has its origins in the system developed in the Netherlands early in the 20th century, known as pillarisation . Under this system the different religious and political streams of Dutch society (Catholics, Protestants, socialists, etc.) all have their own separate associations, newspapers, sports clubs, educational institutions, and also broadcasting organizations. Their stated aim

2508-476: The Netherlands receive most of their linear TV via cable, IPTV (DSL or fiber) or satellite systems. Regional public TV exists in parallel to the national system described below. Commercial television in the Netherlands began in 1989, with the Luxembourg -based RTL 4 . In 1992, the government of the Netherlands legalised commercial TV, and many new commercial channels have become established since then. Every year,

2584-584: The Regulation of Investigatory Powers (British Broadcasting Corporation) Order 2001. The BBC is permitted by the order to use surveillance equipment to detect unlicensed use of television receivers. As the public body responsible for issuing TV licences, licensing information held by the BBC and on the BBC's behalf by TV licensing contractors is subject to the Freedom of Information Act 2000 . The BBC withholds some information on licence enforcement using exemptions under

2660-582: The Socialist VARA and the liberal Protestant VPRO . Under the system of pillarisation in place at the time, each audience group was faithful to its pillar's broadcasting company. The programmes were funded by the associations' members. KRO and NCRV started their own station in 1927 with a transmitter also located in Huizen and built by the NSF. In 1930 the government regulated equal airtime for all organisations on

2736-446: The TV licence fee. It is expected that Capita will earn between £1.10bn and £1.55bn from its contract with the BBC if it runs its maximum 15 years from July 2012. The services carried out by Capita on behalf of the BBC include dealing with TV licence queries, processing TV licence applications and payments and the maintenance of the licence database. Enforcement tasks include visiting addresses, identifying people watching TV without

2812-436: The UK, and the post offices which provide the same services in the Isle of Man and Channel Islands. Also involved are: AMV BBDO which provides advertising services, and Fishburn Communications which carries out public relations. A TV licence, once issued, is normally valid for a maximum of 12 months. The period of its validity depends on the exact day of the month it is purchased; this is because TV licences always expire at

2888-489: The age of 75, through full funding by central government. This concession covered the whole household, so that even if just one member of the household was over 75, then a free TV licence could be applied for to cover all the residents. Following a 2016 funding agreement between the Conservative government and the BBC, this funding was phased out between April 2018 and April 2020, after which time no further government funding

2964-424: The annual cost has been £169.50 for a colour licence and £57.00 for a black and white licence. Income from the licence is primarily used to fund the television, radio and online services of the BBC. The total income from licence fees was £3.83 billion in 2017–18, of which £655.3 million or 17.1% was provided by the government through concessions for those over the age of 75 (this subsidy has now been phased out). Thus,

3040-410: The current system is still appropriate in this age of digital broadcasting. There were plans in the run-up to the 2002 general election to change the way broadcast companies are selected, and to abolish the member-based system completely. Vocal critics included Pim Fortuyn , the assassinated leader of his own right-wing party. However, currently the system is still the way it always has been. Prior to

3116-452: The definition of a tax, the licence fee is a compulsory payment which is not paid solely for access to BBC services. A licence is required to receive ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, satellite, or cable". A briefing paper from the House of Commons Library described the licence fee as a hypothecated tax (i.e. one raised for a particular defined purpose). The TV Licence Management Team, which is part of

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3192-409: The different ideological sections of Dutch society, called Verzuiling ( pillarisation ). Catholics , Protestants and Socialists were the first groups to create their own institutions, including schools, hospitals, trades unions and political parties. When radio in the Netherlands started in the 1920s the existing groups quickly created their own broadcasting associations, producing programmes for

3268-451: The end of 2031. From September 2010, Minister of Culture and Education Ronald Plasterk approved the entry of new broadcasting associations PowNed and Wakker Nederland (WNL) into the public broadcasting system. Another association, MAX, was given full recognition and can increase its broadcasting hours. Conversely, LLiNK was withdrawn and no longer has access. Meanwhile, the NPS , Teleac and

3344-451: The end of a calendar month. If a licence were to be obtained in September 2014, for example, it would expire on 31 August 2015. Thus the period of validity would vary between 11 and 12 months depending how early in the month it was bought. If an existing licence is renewed on time, the new licence will last the full 12 months. The BBC sometimes issues 'short dated' licences in situations when

3420-531: The fees, the regulations also define "television receiver" for the purposes of the law. For people living in the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, TV licensing law is extended to their areas by Orders in Council made by agreement with their own governments. As part of its enforcement regime, the BBC is authorised to carry out surveillance using powers defined by the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 and

3496-522: The financial year 2013–14, a total of 41,483 blind concessionary (half-price) licences were issued in the UK of which 29 were blind concessionary black and white licences. In January 2012, there were 36,261 colour licences in force in Jersey as compared to 77,480 addresses (residential properties, businesses and other premises) on the TV Licensing database for the island (at the end of December 2011). This would suggest around 53% of Jersey addresses did not have

3572-412: The government of the Netherlands legalised commercial television, and a number of new commercial channels were established. As a result, the market share of public television had fallen from 85% to 50% by 1994. Veronica decided to leave the public system after 20 years to become a commercial broadcaster. By 1996 the arrival of more private channels from RTL and SBS had further reduced the market share of

3648-457: The licence fee made up the bulk (75.7%) of the BBC's total income of £5.0627 billion in 2017–2018. In May 2016, the government's white paper announced that the licence fee would rise with inflation for the first five years of the Charter period, from 1 April 2017. The number of licences issued peaked at 26.2m in 2018. As of 2022-2023, there were over 24m active TV licences. The TV licence fee

3724-450: The national broadcasters, there are also regional and local broadcasters in the Netherlands. Unlike most other countries' public broadcasting organizations – which are either national corporations (such as the BBC and France Télévisions / Radio France ), federations of regional public-law bodies (for example, ARD , SRG SSR ) or governmental and member-based institutions with their own channels and facilities (such as PBS ) – those in

3800-573: The national system, each Dutch province also had a broadcasting corporation supplying its own programming to its television and radio stations from 1989 to 2021. Television licensing in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom and the British Islands , any household watching or recording television transmissions at the same time they are being broadcast is required by law to hold

3876-752: The newer "open system" any company can become a broadcasting company and obtain radio and TV airtime. As of 2024, the primary requirements set out in the Media Act of 2008  [ nl ] require that new broadcasters provide additional diversity to the public broadcasting system, and that all associations attain - and continue to maintain - a certain number of members (currently 100,000; provisional status may be granted with 50,000 members). Such recruitment can be compared with that used for community or public broadcasting in other countries, with incentives such as magazines or other offers provided by some associations to attract membership. Many people question whether

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3952-502: The number of members each association had. This allowed other organisations access to the public system, including the former commercial unlicensed broadcasters TROS and Veronica and the evangelical Christian EO to diversify programming. Advertising revenue was added, handled by an independent agency called STER. The Netherlands Radio Union (NRU) and the Netherlands Television Foundation (NTS) merged to form

4028-422: The permanent HD service. Available via digital cable , satellite, and internet. The following digital and web channels are available via NPO Radioplayer . Channels are themed according to its parent network and/or the broadcasting association. Some of these channels appear on digital cable, on cable FM as well as the national DAB multiplex. NPO Start is an online video on demand service accessible through

4104-575: The primary radio network, Hilversum 1 . The first to start was the liberal AVRO , founded as radio broadcaster Hilversumsche Draadlooze Omroep (HDO) by the NSF transmitter factory in Huizen on 8 July 1923. The first regular radio broadcasts started on 21 July 1923. Airtime was rented to the various religious and political radio organisations—the Protestant NCRV , the Roman Catholic KRO ,

4180-543: The property sold in May 2018. In 1991, the BBC assumed the role of TV licensing authority with responsibility for the collection and enforcement of the licence fee. The BBC is authorised by the Communications Act 2003 to collect and enforce the TV licence fee. Section 363 of the Act makes it against the law to install or use a television receiver to watch or record any television programmes as they are being broadcast without

4256-640: The public broadcasting system. In September 2010 cuts to the public system took effect, with the existing eleven full-time broadcasting associations facing decisions about their futures. Part-time Islamic broadcasters NMO, NIO and the merged SMON were all withdrawn from the public system. In March 2012, NPO announced the closure of two of its digital television channels, Geschiedenis 24 ( History 24 ) and Consumenten 24 ( Consumer 24 ) on 1 April. History programmes transferred to Holland Doc 24 and consumer programmes are looked after by VARA via an online portal. From 2015, Netherlands Public Broadcasting will face

4332-481: The public networks to 40%. With the change in the television landscape, changes were made to strengthen the public sector. Its financial revenues were improved by an increase in advertising time and the indexation of the licence fee to the cost of living. In 1995 the programming duties of the Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (Netherlands Broadcasting Foundation, NOS) were split in two, with the creation of

4408-425: The required IT infrastructure. Since 2004, Capita has undertaken a proportion of TV licensing administration at locations outside of the UK and "has progressively increased the amount of work processed overseas each year". However, as of 2013, Capita has not set up any overseas call centres to carry out TV Licensing work and it would need the BBC's permission to do so in the future. Some of Capita's TV Licensing work

4484-451: The size of their respective memberships. The NPS, however, does not have any members. It was created on 28 April 1994, following a split-up of the responsibilities of the Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS). The NPS took over the NOS's culture, information, minorities and youth programming, allowing the NOS to concentrate on its role of providing impartial news coverage. On 1 September 2010 the NPS merged with Teleac and RVU into NTR . In

4560-562: The statutory authority was the UK Home Office ), although the UK Government retains certain powers and responsibilities with regards to TV licences. In July 2002, the BBC awarded Capita the contract to manage the TV Licensing system, replacing the Post Office (which had been renamed "Consignia" at this time). In January 2006 the Office of National Statistics classified the licence fee as

4636-423: The summer of 2005, Jan Peter Balkenende's second cabinet presented plans to renovate the broadcasting system, including abolition of the NPS by 2007. The proposal was met with fierce resistance from many viewers and listeners, given the dedicated and fairly sizeable audience for the NPS's output. The idea was that other broadcasters would take over the type of programming that the NPS had previously provided. There

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4712-504: The three main channels have been simulcast in 1080i high-definition . Most programming in the early stages is upscaled as in time more programmes will become available in native HD. In 2008 a temporary high-definition version of the Nederland 1 channel was created from 2 June to 24 August, to broadcast Euro 2008 , the 2008 Tour de France , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in HD before the launch of

4788-405: The time left to the expiry date. Normally only full quarters (that is three consecutive calendar months) of unexpired licence period are refunded. The BBC may also revoke a licence under certain circumstances. The level of the fee is decided following periodic negotiations between the UK Government and the BBC. Before 1988, increases in the licence fee happened at irregular intervals, sometimes

4864-417: The trading name TV Licensing , but contracts much of the task to commercial organisations. TV Licensing is a trademark of the BBC used under licence by companies contracted by the BBC that administer the television licensing system. Concerning the relationship of the BBC brand with the TV Licensing brand, the BBC's position is stated as: "The TV Licensing brand is separate from the BBC brand. No link between

4940-429: The two brands should be made in customer facing communications, in particular, use of the BBC name and logo". However, it also states that the rules for internal communications and communications with suppliers are different: "the name BBC TV Licensing may also be used within department names or job titles for BBC employees". A major contractor is Capita . Capita is responsible for the administration and enforcement of

5016-564: The two stations, and the semi-public broadcasting system was born. As a result, AVRO lost most of its airtime then (50%) to VARA and VPRO. The radio licence fee was introduced by the Nazi occupation during World War II ; the different broadcasting groups were urged by the Government to co-operate more with each other, and the Netherlands Radio Union ( Dutch : Nederlandse Radio Unie )

5092-438: The varying on-air presentation of the pillar broadcasters. The broadcasting associations also have a degree of input through a supervisory board. The market share of the public networks stabilized in 1999 at 38%, with the entry of a new broadcasting association, the first in 25 years. BNN ( Bart's News Network , later Bart's Neverending Network ) replaced Veronica as programme supplier to teenagers and young adults. Under

5168-406: Was abolished on 1 February 1971, when it was £1-5s-0d (£1.25 in decimal UK currency) or the equivalent of £27.38 at 2023 prices. On 1 April 1991, the BBC took over the administration of television licensing in the UK, assuming the responsibility of licence fee collection and enforcement. Since this date, the BBC has been the statutory authority for issuing television licences (before April 1991,

5244-573: Was available for the scheme: Free TV licences based solely on age ended in August 2020 (previously planned to be June 2020 but extended as of the Coronavirus pandemic). It has been estimated that if full funding had been maintained, it would have contributed £745m to the BBC's 2020–21 budget. The BBC held a public consultation in November 2018 to decide whether the concession to the over-75s should continue after 2020 and, if so, in what form. The response to

5320-417: Was being watched), indicating that if the BBC estimates are correct, around 95% of properties are correctly licensed. The total income generated from licence fees was £3.8302 billion in 2017–18. The vast majority of TV licences are for colour TV. For example, there were 10,461 black and white TV licences in force on 31 August 2014, compared to 25,460,801 colour TV licences. The BBC has also stated that during

5396-586: Was created to regulate the public and private networks. The regulator could impose fines, with a programming fund designed to encourage cultural broadcasts. New rules for the cable industry were also introduced: the public networks were designated must-carry status. In anticipation of the launch of new commercial satellite channels, a third television network, Nederland 3 , launched in April 1988. Luxembourg -based RTL-Véronique began broadcasting in October 1989. In 1992,

5472-477: Was formed, producing joint programmes. The Netherlands Radio Union was one of 23 founding organisations of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) in 1950. (The role of the Dutch representative to the European Broadcasting Union was later inherited by NOS , formed in 1969, and has since September 2002 been the responsibility of NPO .) 1951 saw the introduction of television , and a similar union

5548-541: Was founded: the Netherlands Television Foundation ( Dutch : Nederlandse Televisie Stichting ), supplying studios and facilities for the associations. These broadcasts would air on the Nederland 1 channel; a second channel, Nederland 2 , was launched in 1964. With the arrival of illegal offshore commercial radio stations , such as Radio Veronica in 1960 and Radio Noordzee in 1964, Hilversum 3

5624-460: Was launched in 1965 to provide a legal alternative and to steer audiences towards the public service channels. Hilversum 3 , along with the other two networks, were renamed as Radio 1 , Radio 2 and Radio 3 towards the late 1980s. In 1967 a Broadcasting Act was passed, providing for an official framework to supply the public with information, entertainment, culture and education, with time allocated to appointed broadcasting associations based on

5700-425: Was little confidence among viewers, however, that this would actually happen. It was speculated at the time that the real motive for the proposed abolition was that the governing parties (Christian Democrat and liberal conservative) saw the foundation's output as being too left-wing . The plans were in the end withdrawn following the elections of November 2006. Dutch public broadcasting system In addition to

5776-490: Was mandated by laws beginning with the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1904 , to administer the licensing system; however, the TV licence also covered radio reception. The BBC started regular colour TV broadcasts in the summer of 1967. On 1 January 1968, a "colour supplement" of £5 was added to the existing £5 monochrome licence fee; the £10 colour fee was the equivalent of £219.06 in 2023. On 1 April 2019 it rose to £154.50 for colour TV and £52 for monochrome TV. The radio-only licence

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