Joanna Karine Hoffman (born July 27, 1955) is a Polish-American marketing executive. She was one of the original members of both the Apple Macintosh team and the NeXT team.
89-525: NeXT, Inc. (later NeXT Computer, Inc. and NeXT Software, Inc. ) was an American technology company headquartered in Redwood City, California that specialized in computer workstations for higher education and business markets, and later developed web software. It was founded in 1985 by CEO Steve Jobs , the Apple Computer co-founder who had been forcibly removed from Apple that year. NeXT debuted with
178-563: A programming environment called OpenStep, which is NeXTSTEP's application layer decoupled for third party operating systems. In 1994, Microsoft and NeXT collaborated on a port of OpenStep to Windows NT, which was never released. In January 1994, a developers' conference was held in Washington, D.C. Attendees of the 1994 NeXT East Coast Developer Conference had the opportunity to purchase a software bundle including NEXTSTEP 3.2. Stepstone, originally named Productivity Products International (PPI),
267-706: A " 3M computer " that is designed for higher education. Jobs was intrigued by Berg's concept of a workstation and contemplated starting a higher-education computer company in late 1985, amid increasing turmoil at Apple. Jobs's division did not release the upgraded versions of the Macintosh computer and much of the Macintosh Office software. As a result, its sales plummeted, and Apple was forced to write off millions of dollars in unsold inventory. In 1985, John Sculley ousted Jobs from his executive role at Apple and replaced him with Jean-Louis Gassée . Later that year, Jobs began
356-432: A 256 MB magneto-optical (MO) drive, a 40 MB ( swap -only), 330 MB, or 660 MB hard disk drive , 10BASE2 Ethernet , NuBus , and a 17-inch MegaPixel grayscale display with 1120×832 pixels . In 1989, a typical new PC, Macintosh , or Amiga computer included a few megabytes of RAM, a 640×480 16-color or 320x240 4,096-color display, a 10- to 20-megabyte hard drive, and few networking capabilities. It
445-412: A 33 MHz 68040 processor and the maximum RAM capacity increased to 128 MB. In 1992, NeXT sold 20,000 computers, counting upgraded motherboards on back order as system sales. This was a small number compared with competitors, but the company reported sales of $ 140 million for the year, which encouraged Canon to invest a further $ 30 million to keep the company afloat. In its existence, Next has sold
534-404: A brand identity for $ 100,000 (equivalent to $ 278,000 in 2023). Jobs recalled, "I asked him if he would come up with a few options, and he said, 'No, I will solve your problem for you and you will pay me. You don't have to use the solution. If you want options go talk to other people. ' " Rand created a 20-page brochure detailing the brand, including the precise angle used for the logo (28°) and
623-663: A cooperative office in Redwood City, reports that December is the coolest month and July is the warmest month. The record highest temperature of 110 °F (43 °C) was recorded on three occasions, July 14 and 15, 1972, and September 6, 2022. The record lowest temperature of 16 °F (−9 °C) was recorded on January 11, 1949. Annually, there are an average of 21.6 days with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and 2.8 days with highs of 100 °F (38 °C) or higher; there are an average of 1.8 days with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower. The normal annual precipitation
712-481: A discounted academic marketing program. The Consortium had earned over $ 50 million on computer sales by February 1984. Jobs met Paul Berg , a Nobel Laureate in chemistry, at a luncheon in Silicon Valley held to honor President of France François Mitterrand . Berg was frustrated by the time and expense of researching recombinant DNA via wet laboratories , and suggested that Jobs should use his influence to create
801-755: A doctorate (which she did not complete) in archaeology at the University of Chicago at the Oriental Institute . In 1979, she was scheduled to travel to Iran for an archaeology dig. She stopped in Poland to visit her grandmother and received word from Iran that she would have to return to the United States because of the Iranian Revolution . Hoffman was on a leave of absence from the University of Chicago when she
890-410: A few awkward situations where managers were paid less than their employees. Later, employees were given performance reviews and raises every six months. To foster openness, all employees had full access to the payrolls, although few employees ever used the privilege. NeXT's health insurance plan offered benefits to not only married couples but unmarried and same-sex couples, although the latter privilege
979-541: A free public library. In 1904, Andrew Carnegie gave $ 10,000 for a new library; he gave another $ 6,000 to rebuild it after it was destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake . In 1959, the Schaberg Branch Library opened, funded by a bequest in the will of Hannah Schaberg, widow of former County Clerk Herman W. Schaberg. The Redwood Shores Branch Library was completed and opened to the public in 2008. U.S. Route 101 passes through Redwood City as it goes along
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#17328584155461068-512: A large middle class, the southeastern section of Redwood City strongly resembles working-class North Fair Oaks in both demographic makeup and income level. In an attempt to revitalize Redwood City's downtown, city officials decided to consider development. In February 1999, the San Mateo County History Museum opened inside the old San Mateo County Courthouse in downtown Redwood City. The courthouse had been built in 1910 and in
1157-661: A median household income of $ 123,294 and a median house value of $ 1,424,200. The 2010 United States Census reported that Redwood City had a population of 76,815. The population density was 3,955.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,527.2/km ). The racial makeup of Redwood City was 46,255 (60.2%) White , 1,881 (2.4%) African American , 511 (0.7%) Native American , 8,216 (10.7%) Asian , 795 (1.0%) Pacific Islander , 14,967 (19.5%) from other races , and 4,190 (5.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 29,810 persons (38.8%). Non-Hispanic Whites number 31,982 (40.9%). The Census reported that 75,268 people (98.0% of
1246-571: A native of France, who also worked on the Mac team at Apple, with whom she has two sons. Abigail McConnell portrayed Hoffman in the 2013 film Jobs . English actress Kate Winslet portrayed Hoffman in the 2015 film Steve Jobs . Winslet won the Golden Globe Award and BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role, and was nominated for the Academy Award and Screen Actors Guild Award in
1335-604: A network, because each NeXT Computer has only one MO drive and the disk can not be removed without shutting down the system. The drive's limited speed and capacity makes it insufficient as NeXTSTEP's primary medium. In 1989, NeXT started a deal for former Compaq reseller Businessland to sell the NeXT Computer in international markets. Selling through a retailer was a major change from NeXT's original business model of only selling directly to students and educational institutions. Businessland founder David Norman predicted that sales of
1424-493: A new company name spelling, NeXT. I want some kid at Stanford to be able to cure cancer in his dorm room. Steve Jobs, on the purpose of the NeXT Computer In mid-1986, NeXT changed its business plan to develop both hardware and software, rather than just workstations. Rich Page , a NeXT cofounder who formerly directed Apple's Lisa team, led a team to develop the hardware, while Mach kernel engineer Avie Tevanian led
1513-673: A power struggle to regain control over his company. The board of directors sided with Sculley, and Jobs took a business trip to Western Europe and the Soviet Union on behalf of Apple. In September 1985, after several months of being sidelined, Jobs resigned from Apple. He told the board he was leaving to set up a new computer company, and that he would be taking several Apple employees from the SuperMicro division with him, but he also promised that his new company would not compete with Apple and might even consider licensing their designs to them under
1602-454: A prime downtown location. The theater complex boasts restaurant and retail space at street level and a two-level underground parking structure. Redwood City, along with most of the Bay Area, enjoys a mild Mediterranean climate ( Köppen climate classification Csb), with warm, dry summers and cool, relatively wet winters. The National Weather Service , which maintains both a forecast center and
1691-521: A reputation at both Apple and NeXT as one of the few who could successfully engage with Jobs. In both 1981 and 1982, she won a satirical award at Apple given to "the person who did the best job of standing up to Jobs". (Jobs was aware of and liked the award.) During the early 1990s, Hoffman was vice president of Marketing at General Magic , retiring in 1995 to spend more time with her family. On occasion she has given public lectures discussing her early life at Apple and working with Steve Jobs. In 2020 she
1780-414: A segment about NeXT on the 1986 PBS documentary Entrepreneurs . In 1988, he joined the company's board of directors. NeXT and Adobe collaborated on Display PostScript (DPS), a 2D graphics engine that was released in 1987. NeXT engineers wrote an alternative windowing engine edition to take full advantage of NeXTSTEP. NeXT engineers used DPS for on-screen graphics such as title bar and scroller for
1869-403: A self-contained cooperative multitasking environment. A server version of Rhapsody was released as Mac OS X Server 1.0 in 1999, and the first consumer version, Mac OS X 10.0 , in 2001. The OpenStep developer toolkit was renamed Cocoa . Blue Box was renamed Classic Environment and changed to run applications full-screen without requiring a separate window. Apple included an updated version of
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#17328584155461958-412: A staircase designed by the architect I. M. Pei . The first floor had hardwood flooring and large worktables where the workstations would be assembled. To avoid inventory errors, NeXT used the just-in-time (JIT) inventory strategy. The company contracted out for all major components , such as mainboards and cases, and had the finished components shipped to the first floor for assembly. On the second floor
2047-413: A total of 50,000 copies of Nextstep, says Jobs. It's not much of an installed base, so he predicts the company will ship 50,000 Nextstep packages in 1993. But Next needs to increase its volume three-fold in order to build enough momentum to forestall Microsoft and Taligent in the object-oriented software business. UnixWorld , April 1993 In total, 50,000 NeXT machines were sold, including thousands to
2136-533: A unique corporate culture at NeXT in terms of facilities, salaries, and benefits. Jobs had experimented with some structural changes at Apple, but at NeXT he abandoned conventional corporate structures, instead making a "community" with "members" instead of employees. There were only two different salaries at NeXT until the early 1990s. Team members who joined before 1986 were paid $ 75,000 (equivalent to $ 208,000 in 2023) and those who joined afterward were paid $ 50,000 (equivalent to $ 139,000 in 2023). This caused
2225-453: Is "the slab" for its low-rise box form-factor. Jobs ensured that NeXT staffers did not nickname the NeXTstation " pizza box " to avoid inadvertent comparison with competitor Sun workstations, which already had that nickname. The machines were initially planned to use the 2.88 MB floppy drive, but its floppy disks were expensive and had failed to supplant the 1.44 MB floppy. NeXT used
2314-559: Is 20.56 inches (52.2 cm). The most rainfall in one month was 12.42 inches (31.5 cm) in February 1998. The record 24-hour rainfall of 4.88 inches (12.4 cm) was on October 13, 1962. There are an average of 62.1 days with measurable precipitation. Snow flurries have been observed on rare occasions; there was some minor snow accumulation in May 1935, January 1962, and February 1976. The 2020 United States Census reported that Redwood City had
2403-434: Is Farm Hills (or Farm Hill). Neighborhoods associated with Redwood City but not part of the incorporated city include Emerald Lake Hills and Kensington Square inland and to the north and North Fair Oaks to the southeast. Palomar Park, just north of Emerald Hills and east of San Carlos' Crestview area, is another Redwood City neighborhood that is formally part of unincorporated San Mateo County. Although Redwood City has
2492-655: Is Melissa Stevenson Diaz. In the California State Legislature , Redwood City is in the 13th Senate District , represented by Democrat Josh Becker , and in the 21st Assembly District , represented by Democrat Diane Papan . In the United States House of Representatives , Redwood City is in California's 15th congressional district , represented by Democrat Kevin Mullin . According to
2581-451: Is a prominent early example of dynamic web pages rather than static content . Apple merged with NeXT in 1997 as part of a $ 427 million deal, including 1.5 million shares of Apple stock. The deal appointed Steve Jobs, then the chairman and CEO of NeXT, to an advisory role at Apple; and OPENSTEP for Mach was combined with the classic Mac OS , to create Rhapsody and Mac OS X . Many successful applications have lineage from NeXT, including
2670-432: Is also a vibrant small business community in the town. Cargill has operated salt ponds in Redwood City, and has proposed development of the ponds, resulting in demands for restoration of some of the land. The plans are currently stalled. As of 2022 , the top employers in the city were: Joanna Hoffman At the time she began at Apple Computer , the Mac was "still a research project". Her position "constituted
2759-457: Is relatively constant when Redwood City is compared with the rest of the country. Males had a median income of $ 47,345 versus $ 44,125 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 31,042. About 8.4% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 11.1% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over. Redwood City's charter provides for a councilor-manager form of government. The City Council appoints
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2848-517: Is the first and most prominent early example of a web application server that enabled dynamic page generation based on user interactions instead of static web content. WebObjects was used by many large businesses including Dell , Disney , Deutsche Bank , the BBC , Ford , Nissan , and later Apple for the iTunes Store and online Apple Store . We went for one of our, you know, signature Steve Jobs walks around Palo Alto, and ... we happened to see someone who
2937-775: Is the first computer to ship with a general-purpose DSP chip (Motorola 56001) on the motherboard. This supports sophisticated music and sound processing, including the Music Kit software. The magneto-optical (MO) drive manufactured by Canon Inc. is the primary mass storage device. This drive technology was relatively new to the market, and the NeXT is the first computer to use it. MO drives were cheaper but much slower than hard drives, with an average seek time of 96 ms; Jobs negotiated Canon's initial price of $ 150 per blank MO disk so that they could sell at retail for only $ 50. The drive's design made it impossible to move files between computers without
3026-665: The Armenian SSR until age 10, when she went to live with her father in Warsaw , Poland. In 1967, her mother married an American and moved to Buffalo, New York . Hoffman joined them in the United States in 1968. Hoffman quickly became fluent in English and excelled in school. She has a background in anthropology, physics, and linguistics, a Bachelor of Science in Humanities and Science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and pursued
3115-559: The CD-ROM drive instead, which eventually became the industry standard for storage . Color graphics were available on the NeXTstation Color and NeXTdimension graphics processor hardware for the NeXTcube. The new computers, with the new Motorola 68040 processor, were cheaper and faster than their predecessors. In 1992, NeXT launched "Turbo" variants of the NeXTcube and NeXTstation, with
3204-576: The California Secretary of State , as of February 10, 2019, Redwood City has 41,866 registered voters. Of those, 21,213 (50.1%) are registered Democrats , 6,249 (14.9%) are registered Republicans , and 12,777 (30.5%) have declined to state a political party. The city's main Catholic church, Our Lady of Mount Carmel, was founded in 1887 with Fr. Daniel O'Sullivan as its first pastor. Preserves include Bair Island Ecological Preserve (State) and
3293-693: The Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge on the shoreline. Edgewood County Park known for its wildflowers is towards the Santa Cruz Mountains with entrances off Edgewood Road and Cañada Road. City parks include: Redwood City has one state community college , Cañada College . It has elementary and middle schools operated by both the Redwood City School District and the Belmont – Redwood Shores School District . At
3382-604: The Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall in San Francisco , California. The following day, selected educators and software engineers were invited to attend the first public technical overview of the NeXT computer at the event "The NeXT Day" held at the San Francisco Hilton. The event gave developers interested in NeXT software an insight into their architecture , object-oriented programming , and the NeXT Computer. The luncheon speaker
3471-535: The NeXT Computer in 1988, and released the NeXTcube and smaller NeXTstation in 1990. The series had relatively limited sales, with only about 50,000 total units shipped. Nevertheless, the object-oriented programming and graphical user interface were highly influential trendsetters of computer innovation. NeXT partnered with Sun Microsystems to create a programming environment called OpenStep , which decoupled
3560-505: The NeXTSTEP operating system's application layer to host it on third-party operating systems. In 1993, NeXT withdrew from the hardware industry to concentrate on marketing OPENSTEP for Mach , its own OpenStep implementation for several other computer vendors. NeXT developed WebObjects , one of the first enterprise web frameworks , and although its market appeal was limited by its high price of US$ 50,000 (equivalent to $ 100,000 in 2023), it
3649-506: The Ohlone people to being a port for lumber and other goods. The county seat of San Mateo County in the heart of Silicon Valley , Redwood City is home to several global technology companies including Oracle , Electronic Arts , Evernote , Box , and Informatica . The city's population was 84,292 according to the 2020 census . The Port of Redwood City is the only deepwater port on San Francisco Bay south of San Francisco . According to
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3738-412: The Santa Cruz Mountains . Neighborhoods include Bair Island to the northeast of Highway 101. The northern planned community of Redwood Shores , also to the northeast of Highway 101, is part of Redwood City, although it is not possible to travel by road from one to the other without passing through the neighboring city of San Carlos, or through Belmont via San Mateo County. Stretching along Highway 101 to
3827-553: The United States and German governments prior to World War I . The area centered on Redwood City tied for the world's best climate with the Canary Islands and North Africa's Mediterranean Coast . The local paper had a contest for a city slogan to attract new residents and Wilbur Doxsee entered "By Government Test, Our Climate is Best" which won the $ 10 prize money in 1925. Redwood City's Independence Day parade sponsored by
3916-481: The United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 34.7 square miles (90 km ), of which 19.4 square miles (50 km ) is land and 15.2 square miles (39 km ), comprising 44.34%, is water. One major watercourse draining much of Redwood City is Redwood Creek , to which several significant river deltas connect, the largest of which is Westpoint Slough . The earliest known inhabitants of
4005-473: The first web browser and the video games Doom and Quake . In 1985, Apple co-founder and CEO Steve Jobs led a division campaign called SuperMicro, which was responsible for developing the Macintosh and Lisa computers. They were commercial successes on university campuses because Jobs had personally visited a few notable universities to promote his products, and because of Apple University Consortium ,
4094-526: The user-space windowing library . The original design team anticipated completing the computer in early 1987 and launching it for $ 3,000 (equivalent to $ 8,000 in 2023) by mid-year. On October 12, 1988, the NeXT Computer received standing ovations when it was revealed at a private gala event, " NeXT Introduction – the Introduction to the NeXT Generation of Computers for Education" at
4183-526: The 88000-series architecture in the time leading up to the AIM alliance 's transition to PowerPC . In late 1991, in preparation for NeXT's future withdrawal from the hardware industry, the company started porting the NeXTSTEP operating system to Intel 80486 -based IBM PC compatible computers. In January 1992, it was demonstrated at NeXTWorld Expo. By mid-1993, the process was completed, and version 3.1 (NeXTSTEP 486)
4272-699: The Cairo specification included similar object-oriented user-interface features for a proposed consumer version of Windows NT. Although Cairo was ultimately abandoned, some elements were integrated into other projects. Redwood City, California Redwood City is a city on the San Francisco Peninsula in Northern California 's Bay Area , approximately 27 miles (43 km) south of San Francisco , and 24 miles (39 km) northwest of San Jose . Redwood City's history spans its earliest inhabitation by
4361-688: The Canon object.station 41. In 1993, NeXT withdrew from the hardware industry, and the company was renamed to NeXT Software, Inc. Consequently, 230 of the 530 staff employees were laid off. NeXT negotiated to sell its hardware business, including the Fremont factory, to Canon, which later canceled the deal. Work on the PowerPC machines was stopped, along with all hardware production. Sun CEO Scott McNealy announced plans to invest $ 10 million in 1993 and use NeXT software in future Sun systems. NeXT partnered with Sun to create
4450-640: The City Manager and adopts policies, which the City Manager is expected to implement. The City Manager appoints and manages most of Redwood City's department heads (the City Clerk and City Attorney being notable exceptions). The City Council seats are currently held by Mayor Jeff Gee (District 1), Vice Mayor Lissette Espinoza-Guernica (District 3), Alicia C. Aguirre (District 7), Kaia Eakin (District 5), Diane Howard (District 6), Elmer Martinez Saballos (District 4), and Chris Sturken (District 2). The current City Manager
4539-486: The Macintosh brand. Several former Apple employees followed him to NeXT, including Joanna Hoffman , Bud Tribble , George Crow , Rich Page , Susan Barnes , Susan Kare , and Dan'l Lewin. After consulting with major educational buyers from around the country, including a follow-up meeting with Paul Berg, a tentative specification for the workstation was drawn up. It was designed to be powerful enough to run wet lab simulations and affordable enough for dormitory rooms. Before
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#17328584155464628-473: The NeXT Computer would surpass sales of Compaq computers after 12 months. That year, Canon invested $ 100 million in NeXT, for a 16.67% stake, making NeXT worth almost $ 600 million. This had the condition of installing NeXTSTEP on its own workstations, greatly expanding NeXTSTEP's market. After NeXT exited the hardware business, Canon produced a PC line called object.station —including models 31, 41, 50, and 52—specifically designed to run NeXTSTEP on Intel. Canon
4717-811: The Peninsula Celebration Association, held continuously since 1939, has been billed variously as 'The largest Independence Day Parade in California', 'West of the Mississippi', or 'in North America', claims which may or may not be accurate. The first verifiable written records of celebrations date to 1861, and 1887 for a parade. BroadVision , DPR Construction , Electronic Arts , GoFundMe , Informatica , iPass , Openwave , Shutterfly , Evernote , Equinix , and YuMe among others are based in Redwood City. In addition to large tech companies, there
4806-485: The Peninsula. Other major thoroughfares include El Camino Real, Route 82 ; Woodside Rd, Route 84 , and I-280 , which passes west of the city. Redwood City has a stop on Caltrain , and local bus service is provided by SamTrans . Redwood City's slogan, emblazoned on arches across Broadway at the east and west entrances to downtown, is "Climate Best By Government Test". This is based on a climatological survey conducted by
4895-421: The age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.2% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.62 and the average family size was 4.80. In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.6% under
4984-422: The age of 18, 14.7% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.4 males. According to a 2009 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $ 69,679, and the median income for a family was $ 77,964. Disposable income
5073-687: The area that would become Redwood City were the Ohlone , who were present when the Spanish claimed the land and established missions . Redwood City incorporated in 1867, being the first city in San Mateo County to do so; it has remained the county seat since the county's formation in 1856. The land had been part of the Rancho de las Pulgas granted to the Argüello family in 1835 by the Mexican government. Their control
5162-534: The company's board of directors. Over the next five years the NeXTSTEP operating system was ported to the PowerPC architecture of Macintosh . At the same time, an Intel port and OpenStep Enterprise toolkit for Windows were produced. That operating system was codenamed Rhapsody , and the crossplatform toolkit is Yellow Box. For backward compatibility, Apple added the Blue Box to Rhapsody, running existing Mac applications in
5251-449: The computer industry. Object-oriented programming and graphical user interfaces became more common after the 1988 release of the NeXTcube and NeXTSTEP. The technologically successful platform was often held as the trendsetter when other companies started to emulate the success of NeXT's object-oriented system. Widely seen as a response to NeXT, Microsoft announced the Cairo project in 1991;
5340-529: The deal credibility. The main purpose of the acquisition was to use NeXTSTEP as a foundation to replace the dated classic Mac OS . Steve Jobs also returned to Apple as a consultant. The deal was finalized on February 7, 1997. In 2000, Jobs took the CEO position as a permanent assignment, holding the position until his resignation on August 24, 2011, shortly before his death on October 5, 2011. Several NeXT executives replaced their Apple counterparts when Jobs restructured
5429-575: The development of NeXT's operating system, NeXTSTEP . NeXT's first factory was established in Fremont, California in 1987, capable of manufacturing about 150,000 machines per year. NeXT's first workstation is the NeXT Computer , nicknamed "the cube" due to its distinctive magnesium one-foot (30 cm) cubic case. The case was designed by Hartmut Esslinger and his team at Frog Design . In 1987, Ross Perot became NeXT's first major outside investor. He invested $ 20 million for 16% of NeXT's stock after seeing
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#17328584155465518-651: The entire Macintosh marketing team for the first year and a half of the project", which included Product Marketing collaboration on the Mac product design itself. She also wrote the "first draft of the Macintosh User Interface Guidelines". Hoffman would eventually run the International Marketing Team which brought the Mac to Europe and Asia. Hoffman was born in Poland, the daughter of film director Jerzy Hoffman and his Armenian former wife Marlena Nazarian. She lived with her mother in
5607-609: The first commercially grown chrysanthemums in the United States in Redwood City. In 1926, the chamber of commerce proclaimed the city the "Chrysanthemum Center of the World" though the internment of Japanese Americans in 1941 and other factors would contribute to the end of flower growing as a major industry in the city. Redwood City stretches from the San Francisco Bay towards the Santa Cruz Mountains between San Carlos to
5696-421: The hardware business, NeXT focused on other operating systems. New OpenStep products were released, including OpenStep Enterprise for Windows NT . NeXT launched WebObjects , a platform for building large-scale dynamic web applications. It did not achieve wide popularity, partly because of the initial high price of $ 50,000 (equivalent to $ 100,000 in 2023), but it did generate profit for the company. WebObjects
5785-505: The high school level it is part of the Sequoia Union High School District and high schools in Redwood City that are part of this district are the comprehensive Sequoia High School , the charter schools Summit Preparatory Charter High School and Everest Public High School , and the continuation school Redwood High School. Many students from Redwood City attend another Sequoia Union school, Woodside High School , in
5874-422: The late '30s an addition was built in front of the original structure, obscuring the view. As part of the revitalization, this addition was torn down and replaced with a large courtyard flanked by water fountains on either side, leading to the main steps of the courthouse. The courthouse's glass dome is lit at night and changes colors every 11 seconds. In August 2006, a 20-screen theater and various shops opened in
5963-486: The neighboring town of Woodside . The community of Redwood Shores is served by the Belmont - Redwood Shores School District and Carlmont High School . The Redwood City Public Library, a member of the Peninsula Library System , has a Downtown Library and two neighborhood branch locations: Redwood Shores and Schaberg. The city's first library opened in 1865 and in 1900 the city passed a special tax to support
6052-451: The northwest and Atherton to the southeast with Woodside to the southwest. It is divided by Highway 101 and further inland El Camino Real on the northwest–southeast axis and Woodside Road on the north-northeast/south-southwest axis. Locally, the former two are regarded as north–south and the latter east/west, as 101 and El Camino connects Redwood City to San Francisco and San Jose and Woodside Road runs from San Francisco Bay to
6141-587: The only mainstream periodical to discuss NeXT computers and software. The publication was discontinued in 1994 after only four volumes. A developer conference , NeXTWORLD Expo, was held in 1991 and 1992 at the San Francisco Civic Center and in 1993 and 1994 at the Moscone Center in San Francisco, with Jobs as the keynote speaker. Though not very profitable, the company had a wide-ranging impact on
6230-918: The original Macintosh toolbox, called Carbon , running existing Mac applications natively without the constraints of Blue Box. Some of NeXTSTEP's interface features are used in Mac OS X, including the Dock , the Services menu , the Finder 's " Column " view, and the Cocoa text system . NeXTSTEP's processor-independent capabilities were retained in Mac OS X, leading to PowerPC, x86, and ARM versions. Only PowerPC versions were publicly available before 2006 and were discontinued by 2009, and ARM versions were not released until 2020. Apple transitioned its Mac computers to Intel processors by August 2006, and to ARM processors as of September 2022. Jobs created
6319-656: The population) lived in households, 408 (0.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1,139 (1.5%) were institutionalized. There were 27,957 households, out of which 10,045 (35.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 13,642 (48.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 3,139 (11.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,461 (5.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,818 (6.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 288 (1.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 7,411 households (26.5%) were made up of individuals, and 2,401 (8.6%) had someone living alone who
6408-433: The southeast of Woodside Road is Friendly Acres, further inland and still to the southeast of Woodside Road are Redwood Village and then Redwood Oaks. Most neighborhoods are to the northwest of Woodside Road and southwest of Highway 101. Centennial, Downtown, and Stambaugh Heller are adjacent to 101. Next inland are Edgewood, Mt. Carmel, Central and Palm then Canyon, Eagle Hill, Roosevelt, and Woodside Plaza. Furthest inland
6497-410: The specifications were finished, however, Apple sued NeXT on September 23, 1985, for "nefarious schemes" to take advantage of the cofounders' insider information . Jobs argued, "It is hard to think that a $ 2 billion company with 4,300-plus people couldn't compete with six people in blue jeans." The suit was eventually dismissed before trial. In 1986, Jobs recruited graphic designer Paul Rand to create
6586-702: The then super-secret National Reconnaissance Office located in Chantilly, Virginia. NeXT's long-term plan was to migrate to one of the emerging high-performance Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) architectures, with the NeXT RISC Workstation (NRW). Initially, the NRW was to be based on the Motorola 88110 processor, but it was later redesigned around dual PowerPC 601s, due to a lack of confidence in Motorola's commitment to
6675-702: Was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.9%. Further, 37,757 people (49.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 37,511 people (48.8%) lived in rental housing units. In 2000, there were 75,402 people, 27,423 households and 17,898 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,882.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,499.1/km ). There were 29,568 housing units at an average density of 1,522.6 per square mile (587.9/km ). 47.1% spoke English , 39.6% Spanish , 2.4% Chinese or Mandarin , other Indo-European 1.7%, and other language 0.5%, as their first language from estimate census 2009. There were 27,680 households, out of which 31.5% had children under
6764-733: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69. There were 18,242 families (65.3% of all households); the average family size was 3.26. There were 18,193 people (23.7%) under the age of 18, 5,981 people (7.8%) aged 18 to 24, 24,819 people (32.3%) aged 25 to 44, 19,710 people (25.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 8,112 people (10.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males. There were 29,167 housing units at an average density of 1,501.9 per square mile (579.9/km ), of which 14,160 (50.6%) were owner-occupied, and 13,797 (49.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate
6853-534: Was NeXT's distributor in Japan. The NeXT Computer was released in 1990 for $ 9,999 (equivalent to $ 23,000 in 2023). In June 1991, Perot resigned from the board of directors to concentrate on his company, Perot Systems , a Plano, Texas –based software system integrator. In 1990, NeXT released a second generation of workstations, a revised NeXT Computer called NeXTcube and the NeXTstation . The NeXTstation's nickname
6942-406: Was Steve Jobs. The first NeXT Computers were test launched in 1989, and then NeXT sold a limited number to universities with NeXTSTEP 0.9 beta pre-installed. Initially, this targeted the United States higher-education institutions only, with a base price of $ 6,500 (equivalent to $ 16,000 in 2023). The computer was widely reviewed in magazines, primarily the hardware portion. When asked if he
7031-545: Was a software company founded in 1983 by Brad Cox and Tom Love, best known for releasing the original version of the Objective-C programming language. In April 1995, NeXT acquired the Objective-C trademark and rights from Stepstone. Stepstone concurrently licensed back from NeXT the right to continue selling its Objective-C based products. Apple Computer later acquired the rights to Objective-C along with NeXT. After exiting
7120-661: Was challenged after the Mexican–American War when California became part of the United States. The family lawyer, Simon M. Mezes, in 1854 defended the claim somewhat successfully and was allowed to buy the part of the estate that is now Redwood City. Mezes sold some of the land to people already squatting on it along the banks of Redwood Creek and named the settlement "Mezesville". Though the city did not keep that name, Mezes Park still exists on land that Mezes had given for open space. In 1907, Eikichi and Sadakusi Enomoto, Japanese immigrant brothers, grew what may perhaps have been
7209-564: Was encouraged by her friends to attend a lecture at Xerox PARC in California. While there, she had "a heated discussion after the lecture" with Jef Raskin . The discussion focused on "what computers should look like and how they should improve people's lives." Raskin was so impressed with Hoffman that he asked her to interview for a position at Apple. She began on the Macintosh project in October 1980 as part of Raskin's initial team of Burrell Smith , Bud Tribble , and Brian Howard. Hoffman had
7298-476: Was hired by the Spanish artificial intelligence company Sherpa as a consultant and the right-hand of its founder and CEO Xabi Uribe Etxebarria . Hoffman has a very negative opinion of Facebook. In an interview she said Facebook is "destroying the very fabric of democracy, destroying the very fabric of human relationships, and peddling in an addictive drug called anger." Hoffman is married to Alain Rossmann ,
7387-444: Was in that meeting from the [Apple] management team who said, 'You guys won easily, no problem. You have nothing to worry about.' Avie Tevanian , presenting NeXT versus Be to Apple On December 20, 1996, Apple Computer announced its intention to acquire NeXT. Apple paid $ 427 million in cash, shares, stock options, and debt. Steve Jobs preferred to only receive cash, but Gil Amelio insisted he take 1.5 million Apple shares to give
7476-457: Was later withdrawn due to insurance complications. The payroll schedule was also very different from other Silicon Valley companies at the time, because instead of employees being paid twice per month at the end of the pay period, they were paid once per month in advance. Jobs found office space in Palo Alto, California , at 3475 Deer Creek Road, occupying a glass-and-concrete building that featured
7565-475: Was office space with an open floor plan. The only enclosed rooms were Jobs's office and a few conference rooms. NeXT's expansion prompted renting an office at 800 and 900 Chesapeake Drive, in Redwood City, also designed by Pei. The architectural centerpiece was a "floating" staircase with no visible supports. The open floor plan was retained, with furnishings that were luxurious, such as $ 5,000 chairs, $ 10,000 sofas, and Ansel Adams prints. NeXT's Palo Alto office
7654-445: Was released. NeXTSTEP 3.x was later ported to PA-RISC - and SPARC -based platforms, for a total of four versions: NeXTSTEP/NeXT (for NeXT's own hardware), NeXTSTEP/Intel, NeXTSTEP/PA-RISC, and NeXTSTEP/SPARC. Although the latter three ports were not widely used, NeXTSTEP gained popularity at institutions such as First Chicago NBD , Swiss Bank Corporation , O'Connor and Company, due to its sophisticated programming model. The software
7743-399: Was subsequently occupied by Internet Shopping Network (a subsidiary of Home Shopping Network ) in 1994, and later by SAP AG . Its Redwood City office was later occupied by ApniCure and OncoMed Pharmaceuticals Inc. The first issue of NeXTWORLD magazine was printed in 1991. It was edited by Michael Miley and, later, Dan Ruby and was published in San Francisco by Integrated Media. It was
7832-410: Was upset that the computer's debut was delayed by several months, Jobs responded, "Late? This computer is five years ahead of its time!" The NeXT Computer has the 25 MHz Motorola 68030 central processing unit (CPU). The Motorola 88000 RISC chip was originally considered, but it was not available in sufficient quantities. The computer has between 8 and 64 MB of random-access memory (RAM),
7921-828: Was used by many U.S. government agencies, including the United States Naval Research Laboratory , the National Security Agency , the Advanced Research Projects Agency , the Central Intelligence Agency , and the National Reconnaissance Office . Some IBM PC clone vendors offered somewhat customized hardware solutions that were delivered running NeXTSTEP on Intel, such as the Elonex NextStation and
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