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40-529: Ndau may refer to: Ndau people Ndau language Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ndau . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ndau&oldid=1029519111 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

80-596: A tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw ). Average temperature in January is 27.6 °C (82 °F) and in July (the coldest month) it's 20.3 °C (69 °F). The rainy season runs roughly from November to April. Access to drinking water and sanitation in Mozambique was historically a major problem, alike many of the sub-Saharan African nations. It has been estimated that in developing countries, around 80% of all disease arises as

120-527: A ceremony called ‘ukufemba’, where the spirit comes and introduces itself, whilst telling explaining how they ended up in your family.This is a way of the spirit seeking justice. The majority of Zimbabwean dwellers as a whole are known to fear anyone who threatens them with Ndau approach sorcery and witch doctor consultations of the same area. They are therefore able to fight injustices despite their small and non-violent nature using sorcery and magic. Limila, Gonjo, Shipandagwala, Shingomungomu and Shiriyadengha are

160-432: A couple of years. The famine, disease and poverty-stricken country collapsed. In Beira, the famous Grande Hotel was occupied by around 1,000 homeless Beirans, and by the end of the civil war it was in near-ruins. The 2000 Mozambique flood devastated Beira and the surrounding region, leaving millions homeless and severely damaging the local economy. During the campaign for the local elections in 2013, which culminated in

200-502: A direct result of inadequate sanitation, poor hygiene, and contaminated water. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, each day around six thousand people die from diseases caused by poor sanitation, while another 300 million Africans have no access to clean water. For Mozambique in 1992, around a fifth of the country's households had access to potable water and the situation for wastewater provision

240-476: A gateway for both the central interior portion of the country as well as the land-locked nations of Zimbabwe , Zambia and Malawi . Originally called Chiveve after a local river, it was renamed Beira to honour the Portuguese Crown prince Dom Luís Filipe (titled Prince of Beira , itself referring to the traditional Portuguese province of Beira ), who had visited Mozambique in the early 19th century. It

280-726: A major part in the history of these sacred people.As most them are mostly situated in Chipinge and Chimanimani.The ndau people in Zimbabwe are identified as the following surnames; Sibanda, Moyo, Nyandoro, Dube, Semwayo and others that have not been discovered yet. Renamo , the Mozambican National Resistance Movement, draws support from the Shangaan in the Sofala province of Mozambique (to where its leader Dhlakama belong, as well as

320-606: A number of new system elements to extend and upgrade the sewers, wastewater treatment facilities and a drainage system. The new water plant cost €5.6m, while the Beira sanitation system cost €62.65m, with the EU providing €52.95m, and the remaining €9.7m provided by the Mozambique Government. Beira has long been a major trade point for exports coming in and out of Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia and other Southern African nations. Because of this,

360-510: A short-lived kingdom inland from Sofala, but in 1837 he was defeated by Soshangane, a powerful Nguni rival. Eventually Soshangane established his capital in the highlands of the middle Sabie River in what is present day South Africa. The Nguni-Shangaans established the Gaza-kingdom in southern Mozambique and subjugated many of the Ndau people who were already living in that area. This history shows that

400-612: A wide estuary . The Pungwe crosses 400 kilometres (250 mi) from the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe also through Manica and Sofala provinces to Beira. The city was established in 1890 by the Portuguese and soon supplanted Sofala as the main port in the Portuguese-administered territory. Originally called Chiveve, after a local river, it was renamed to honor the Portuguese Crown prince Dom Luís Filipe who, in 1907,

440-515: Is all conjecture at this point and further research would need to be carried out to establish this. As of 1997, it was estimated that there were 581,000 speakers of Ndau in Mozambique. There are many Ndau-Shangani clans residing in South Africa. The village called Mbozi, currently known as Govhu at Malamulele, is composed entirely of Shangani clans such as Sithole, Miyambo, Simango, Moyana, and Mashaba many of whom also have Ndau roots in addition to

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480-553: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Language and nationality disambiguation pages Ndau people The ancient Ndau people are historically related to the Manyika and Karanga tribe. Because of the large-scale conquests of the Ngunis in the 1820s much of the Ndau ancestry evolved to include the Nguni bloodline and ancestry. This

520-441: Is evident in the wealth of Nguni words in the Ndau language, Nguni names and surnames. In the 1820s, during a period of severe drought, northern Nguni armies particularly the (Zulu, Swazi, Ndwandwe, Khumalo, Xhosa and Ndebele) people who speak related Bantu languages and inhabit southeastern Africa from Cape Province to southern Mozambique, began to migrate to Mozambique from what is now South Africa. One Nguni chief, Nxaba, established

560-479: Is important to note that not all people called by these names can be identified as Ndau with the exception of Zharikiya. This is because these are Nguni names which are common among the Nguni and can be found in Zululand as well as Matebeleland from peoples who have no link with the Ndau. To understand the modern Ndau, you have to understand the Nguni influence which is very strong. The Ndau people in Zimbabwe also play

600-582: Is the Catholic University of Mozambique which was established in 1996 by the Catholic church and affiliated with the International Federation of Catholic Universities (IFCU). This private university is locally known as Universidade Catolica de Mocambique (UCM) and has been officially recognized by Mozambique's Ministry of Education and Culture (or Ministério da Educação e Cultura) which oversees

640-571: Is the Grande Hotel , built by the Portuguese, near the shore of the Indian Ocean . By 1970, the city of Beira had 113,770 inhabitants. After independence from Portugal in 1975, many white ethnic Portuguese left the city. Mozambique was ravaged by a civil war from 1977 to 1992, opposing Marxist FRELIMO , which controlled the government, to the rebels of RENAMO , descending to near total chaos in

680-468: Is the capital and largest city of Sofala Province , in the central region of Mozambique . Beira is where the Pungwe River meets the Indian Ocean . It is the fourth-largest city by population in Mozambique, after Maputo , Matola and Nampula . Beira had a population of 397,368 in 1997, which grew to 530,604 in 2019. A coastal city, it holds the regionally significant Port of Beira , which acts as

720-559: The places of worship , they are predominantly Christian churches and temples: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Beira ( Catholic Church ), Reformed Church in Mozambique , Igreja Presbiteriana de Moçambique (both World Communion of Reformed Churches ), Convenção Baptista de Moçambique ( Baptist World Alliance ), Universal Church of the Kingdom of God , Assemblies of God , Zion Christian Church , and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints . There are also Muslim mosques. The city

760-530: The port of Beira is the second largest in Mozambique. The importance of the port was shown during the Mozambique Civil War, when Zimbabwean troops protected the Beira–Bulawayo railway and Beira to Mutare highway in order to continue trade. The railway to Zimbabwe was originally 610 mm ( 2 ft ) in 1890, but was converted to 1,067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) in 1900. In 2008,

800-571: The Catholic archbishop of Beira), in part due to their poor socio-economic conditions and their so far too weak inclusion in foreign financial investments and socio-economic developmental programs of the governing party. The first president of ZANU in Zimbabwe prior to independence was Ndabaningi Sithole , from near Mt. Selinda . Once Robert Mugabe came to power, Sithole formed his own party, ZANU-Ndonga that continues to garner widespread support among

840-429: The Mozambique transportation minister, Paulo Zucula , stated that the government is planning on modernizing the Beira and more northern Nacala ports for an estimated cost of $ 900m; $ 500m and 400m respectively. The government has also stated that it plans on modernizing surrounding railway and highway infrastructure so that the port is better connected to the nation's mines. There is also a ferry service in Beira, linking

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880-513: The Ndau language and customs evolved . The intermarriage with the conquering Ngunis added a Nguni flavour to the language and culture. Ancient Ndau could be one of the most ancient form of all modern day Nguni languages. It is possible that the ancient Ndau are one of the first ancestral tribes of the Ngunis, similarly to the Mthethwas, Lala, and Debe who are descended from the Thonga-Tekelas. This

920-652: The Ndau language. According to Earthy, when the Ndau people were conquered by the Ndwandwe-Ngunis, some of the Ndau people took refuge among the Chopi (Copi) people, who had amassed rifles from the Portuguese in order to protect themselves. It is suggested by some that some of the Chopi people remained independent of the Nguni Gaza Empire. In forming the Gaza empire, Soshangane and his Nguni impis [armies] overran and incorporated

960-559: The Ndau-Shangani community. Because of Sithole's contentious relationship with Mugabe, The Ndau people are also known to be very good herbalists, they are openly expressed by Mozambicans to be the most feared black magicians. Historical records describe the Ndau as "humble and non-violent" people and yet are known to use magic when offended or to deal with transgressors. Their spirits are also known to fiercely revenge deaths due to murders or other unjust means.These spirits can be captured in

1000-645: The Ndau-Shangani people from the Ndau Sithole Clan (there are many Sitholes who have no connection with the Ndau. Sithole is of Nguni origin in Zululand) who moved from Zambezi Valley along Limpopo River and traded with both Arabs and Portuguese people. There are many clans from the Ndau-Shangani ethnic groups such as Mlambo; acknowledged as father of Ndau peoples, Simango, Khumbula, Mhlanga, Ndlakama, Mashaba and Moyana (Gumbi, Phahla). Beira, Mozambique Beira ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈbejɾɐ] )

1040-414: The Nguni invaders had slain many Ndau men and taken their wives. Due to this, many "Ndau people" have a lineage with Nguni influences. This was further cemented by the intermarriages between the Nguni and Ndau. The more appropriate term to describe the resultant group including the modern Ndau is Shangaan. The Ndau culture also evolved to include Nguni practices in the same that many Nguni words became part of

1080-685: The Nguni roots from where they derive their names. The names above are Nguni with their origins in Zululand where the Ndwandwe resided before fleeing as a result of the Mfecane. Ndau is also one of the languages used in churches in Beira . . Today the Ndau-Shangaan are largely identified by these surnames, Sakwinje, Semwayo, Simango, Sibiya, Dhliwayo, Dube, Makuyana, Mlambo, Mthethwa, Mhlanga, Nxumalo Hlatshwayo, Sithole, Kwidini, Sidhile, Dhlakama, Bhila and Zharikiya. It

1120-517: The Portuguese Crown elevated Beira to the status of city ( cidade ). Headquarters of the Companhia de Moçambique ( Mozambique Company ) from 1891, the city's administration passed from the trading company to the Portuguese government in 1942. In 1966, the construction of a new railway station was completed. Before Mozambique's independence from Portugal, as a city of Portuguese Mozambique , Beira

1160-629: The Tsonga, Shongonono, Ngomane, Portuguese, Hlengwe, Nyai, Rhonga, Shona, Xhosa, Zulu, Senga, Chopi as well as the Ndau tribes in a new nation with the people collectively called Shangani. With the prolonged drought, the rise of Gaza, the dominance of the slave trade, and the expansion of Portuguese control in the Zambezi Valley, the once-mighty African chieftaincies of the Zambezi region declined. In their place, valley warlords established fortified strongholds at

1200-574: The Yao chiefs of the north migrated south to the highlands along the Shire River, where they established their military power.[1] As a result of this settlement in Chipinge, some Ndau-Shangaan settled in what is now modern day Mozambique for it has to be borne in mind that prior to the arrival of the Portuguese and English in the colonization of what is now Zimbabwe and Mozambique respectively. Historically through hundreds of years of mixing with other Shona groups,

1240-596: The city to neighboring cities, including Nova Sofala and other coastal towns. Beira is served by an airport to the northeast of the city, with both domestic and international flights. The city has three public university campuses, namely the Zambeze University (with headquarters and rectory in the city), the Licungo University and the Higher Institute of Health Sciences. One of the major universities here

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1280-492: The confluence of the major rivers, where they raised private armies and raided for slaves in the interior. The most powerful of these warlords was Manuel António de Sousa, also known as Gouveia, a settler from Portuguese India, who by the middle of the 19th century controlled most of the southern Zambezi Valley and a huge swath of land to its south. North of the Zambezi, Islamic slave traders rose to power from their base in Angoche, and

1320-487: The overall education system. A second major university is the Jean Piaget University of Mozambique, locally termed da Universidade Jean Piaget de Moçambique(UNIPIAGET). This Portugal based University was founded in 2004 by Instituto Piaget , a non-profit cooperative, and is just one of seven campuses established across the globe. There is a Portuguese international school, Escola Portuguesa da Beira. Among

1360-458: The plant was opened by the country's President Armando Emílio Guebuza the day after he formally launched the next stage of the project to deal with Beira's sewage. Construction of the Beira treatment plant was carried out during a period of 30 months and was completed in June 2012. This latest part of the scheme consists of rehabilitating the existing sanitation network, together with the construction of

1400-568: The victory of the Democratic Movement of Mozambique (MDM) in the municipality, the Munhava district was the scene of violent clashes between police and supporters of the MDM. In 2019, Cyclone Idai caused extreme devastation in Beira. It struck the city on March 14, 2019, with winds of up to 177 km/h (106 mph), and caused flooding up to six meters deep across Mozambique. Beira features

1440-455: Was even worse. This was a serious public health issue in an area where cholera, dysentery and other water-borne diseases are endemic. With the inauguration of the new water treatment plant at Mutua in May 2007, an important milestone was passed in Mozambique's ambitious drive towards improving its provision of potable water and sanitation. Doubling the supply of water to the cities of Beira and Dondo,

1480-472: Was first developed by the Portuguese Mozambique Company in the 19th century, supplanting Sofala as the country's main port. It was then directly developed by the Portuguese colonial government from 1947 until Mozambique gained its independence from Portugal in 1975. Beira is the second largest seaport for international cargo transportation to Mozambique after Maputo . In March 2019, the city

1520-533: Was heavily damaged by Cyclone Idai , destroying up to 90% of the city. Beira is located on the Mozambique Channel , an arm of the Indian Ocean located between Madagascar and Mozambique . The city sits north of the mouth of the convergence of two major rivers of Mozambique: the Buzi River and the Pungwe River . The Buzi crosses 250 kilometres (160 mi) across Manica and Sofala provinces to form

1560-519: Was noted for its well-equipped seaport , one of the major facilities of its kind in all East Africa , tourism , fishing and trade . The city prospered as a cosmopolitan port with different ethnic communities (Portuguese, Indian, Chinese, Bantus such as the Sena and Ndau ) employed in administration, commerce, and industry. A large English-speaking population was the result of being a favourite holiday destination for white Rhodesians . One reminder of this

1600-407: Was the first member of the Portuguese royal family to visit Mozambique. Traditionally the Portuguese Crown prince carried the title of Prince of Beira , a historical province of mainland Portugal . The Portuguese built the port and a railway to Rhodesia , Portuguese families settled in the newly founded locality and started to develop commercial activities. With the growth of the village, in 1907

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