117-751: The National Space Council is a body within the Executive Office of the President of the United States created in 1989 during the George H. W. Bush administration, disbanded in 1993, and reestablished in June 2017 by the Donald Trump administration. It is a modified version of the earlier National Aeronautics and Space Council (1958–1973). The National Space Council operates as an office of policy development and handles
234-433: A CNN poll showing 48 percent of viewers thought Pence won and 42 percent believing Kaine won. Pence's "cooler" temperament was seen as an advantage compared to Kaine, who was perceived as more hotheaded. On October 7, 2016, lewd comments made by Donald Trump in 2005 surfaced and gained heavy media attention. That day, Pence said to reporters, "I do not condone his remarks and cannot defend them," but made clear that he
351-1171: A Superfund site. Governor Pence declined to declare the Superfund site a state emergency; his successor Governor Eric Holcomb issued Executive Order 17–13, declaring a disaster emergency in East Chicago. The site of several former lead smelting plants was first identified as a health concern by the EPA in 1997. Beginning in December 2014, there was an HIV outbreak in Southern Indiana. In 2011, Planned Parenthood (PP) operated five rural clinics in Indiana. They tested for HIV and offered prevention, intervention and counseling to improve public health outcomes. The PP clinic in Scott County performed no abortions. The Republican-controlled legislature and Pence defunded Planned Parenthood. Scott County has been without an HIV testing center since 2013. Pence had long been
468-640: A federal court issued a preliminary injunction blocking the bill from taking effect, with U.S. district judge Tanya Walton Pratt determining that the bill was likely to be unconstitutional and that the State of Indiana would be unlikely to prevail at trial. The abortion bill was subsequently ruled unconstitutional in April 2018 by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit . In June 2013, Pence
585-605: A "return to the values" of the Newt Gingrich -headed 1994 Republican Revolution . However, he lost the bid to Representative John Boehner of Ohio by a vote of 168 for Boehner, 27 for Pence, and one for Representative Joe Barton of Texas. In January 2009, Pence was elected as the Republican Conference chairman , the third-highest-ranking Republican leadership position at the time behind Minority Leader John Boehner and Republican Whip Eric Cantor . He ran unopposed and
702-474: A "state educational authority" along with the Department of Education (controlled by Ritz) for purposes of accessing sensitive student data. Pence and Ritz also clashed over non-binding federal guidelines that advised Indiana public schools must treat transgender students in a way that corresponds to their gender identity , even if their education files indicate a different gender. During Pence's term in office,
819-467: A $ 10-million state preschool pilot program in Indiana and testified personally before the state Senate Education Committee in favor of the program to convince fellow Republicans (several of whom opposed the proposal) to approve the plan. Although the plan was initially defeated, Pence successfully managed to revive it, "getting Indiana off the list of just 10 states that spent no direct funds to help poor children attend preschool". Demand for enrollment in
936-467: A 9:00 a.m. to noon (ET) time slot, the program reached as many as 18 radio stations in Indiana, including WIBC in Indianapolis. From 1995, Pence also hosted a weekend public affairs TV show likewise titled The Mike Pence Show on Indianapolis TV station WNDY . Pence ended his radio and television shows in 1999 to focus on his 2000 campaign for Congress, which he eventually won. Running for
1053-456: A Democrat who was the Indiana superintendent of public instruction (a separately elected position in the state). Pence created a new "Center for Education and Career Innovation" (CECI) to coordinate efforts between schools and the private sector; Ritz opposed the center, viewing it as a "power grab" and encroachment on her own duties. Pence eventually disestablished the center in order to help defuse
1170-610: A Negative Campaigner", published in the Indiana Policy Review , in which he apologized for running negative ads against Sharp. Pence vowed to refrain from using insulting speech or running ads that belittle his adversaries. Also taking place in 1991, he became the president of the Indiana Policy Review Foundation , a self-described free-market think tank and a member of the State Policy Network ,
1287-753: A briefing on supporting the Commercial Space Sector. Harris announced the second meeting of the National Space Council at the Chabot Space and Science Center in Oakland, California . The meeting will take place on September 9, 2022. Video: Transcript: A new User Advisory Group is appointed in December 2022. It is chaired by Lester Lyles. Executive Office of the President of the United States The Executive Office of
SECTION 10
#17328456516121404-487: A civilian organization would be involved in a military issue. In May 2015, Pence signed into law Senate Bill 98, which limited lawsuits against gun and ammunition manufacturers and sellers and retroactively terminated the City of Gary 's still-pending 1999 lawsuit against gun manufacturers and retailers that allegedly made illegal sales of handguns . The bill was supported by Republicans such as state senator Jim Tomes , who hoped
1521-463: A congressional committee. The Executive Office often helps with legislation by filling in specific points understood and written by experts, as Congressional legislation sometimes starts in broad terms. This table specifies the budget of the Executive Office for the years 2008–2017, and the actual outlays for the years 1993–2007. Mike Pence Michael Richard Pence (born June 7, 1959)
1638-556: A conservative and a Republican, in that order". In 2016, House speaker Paul Ryan described Pence as a "principled conservative". While in Congress, Pence belonged to the Tea Party Caucus . In his first year in office, Pence opposed President George W. Bush 's No Child Left Behind Act in 2001, as well as President Bush's Medicare prescription drug expansion in 2003. Pence was re-elected four more times by comfortable margins. In
1755-486: A life sciences research facility supported with $ 25 million in startup funds from the state. Pence made tax reform, namely a ten percent income-tax rate cut, a priority for 2013. While he did not get the ten percent cut he advocated, Pence did accomplish his goal of cutting state taxes. Legislators cut the income tax by five percent and also killed the inheritance tax. Speaker of the House Brian Bosma said
1872-482: A personal email account to conduct public business, given Pence's past attacks on Hillary Clinton 's use of a private email server while U.S. secretary of state. In 2017, Indiana hired a private law firm for $ 100,000 to handle a backlog of public-records requests for Pence's personal AOL account email correspondence. Pence ran for a second term as governor and was unopposed in the Republican primary on May 3, 2016. He
1989-522: A portfolio of civil, commercial, national security, and international space policy matters. Composed of cabinet-level members and supported by a Users Advisory Group, the council is chaired by the vice president of the United States . Established by the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, the NASC was chaired by the President of the United States (then Dwight Eisenhower ). Other members included
2106-655: A position he held until 1993. Shortly after his first congressional campaign in 1988, radio station WRCR-FM in Rushville, Indiana , hired Pence to host a weekly half-hour radio show, Washington Update with Mike Pence . In 1992, Pence began hosting a daily talk show on WRCR, The Mike Pence Show , in addition to a Saturday show on WNDE in Indianapolis. Pence called himself " Rush Limbaugh on decaf" since he considered himself politically conservative while not as bombastic as Limbaugh. Beginning on April 11, 1994, Network Indiana syndicated The Mike Pence Show statewide. With
2223-463: A pro-administration point of view is antithetical to the idea of an independent press." There was speculation that the news service would publish pro-administration stories that would make Pence look good in the event of a presidential run. According to the Associated Press , the idea "of stories prewritten for the media set off a wave of criticism from journalists around the country, who likened
2340-411: A robe and headdress and speaking in a thick Middle Eastern accent, thanked his opponent, Sharp, for doing nothing to wean the United States off imported oil as chairman of a House subcommittee on energy and power. In response to criticism, Pence's campaign responded that the advertisement was not about Arabs; rather, it concerned Sharp's lack of leadership. In 1991, Pence wrote an essay, "Confessions of
2457-456: A vocal opponent of needle exchange programs , which allow drug users to trade in used syringes for sterile ones in order to stop the spread of diseases, despite solid scientific evidence that such programs prevent the spread of AIDS, Hepatitis B (HBV), and Hepatitis C (HCV), and do not increase drug abuse. In March 2015, well after the outbreak began, Pence finally allowed at least five counties to open needle exchanges, but did not move to lift
SECTION 20
#17328456516122574-430: Is also referred to as a "permanent government", since many policy programs, and the people who are charged with implementing them, continue between presidential administrations. The civil servants who work in the Executive Office of the President are regarded as nonpartisan and politically neutral, so they are capable of providing objective and impartial advice. With the increase in technological and global advancement,
2691-568: Is an American politician and lawyer who served as the 48th vice president of the United States from 2017 to 2021 under President Donald Trump during the first administration . A member of the Republican Party , he previously served as the 50th governor of Indiana from 2013 to 2017, and as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 2001 to 2013. Born and raised in Columbus, Indiana , Pence graduated from Hanover College and then from
2808-665: The 2006 , 2008 , and 2010 House elections, he defeated Democrat Barry Welsh . Pence began to climb the party leadership structure and from 2005 to 2007 was chairman of the Republican Study Committee , a group of conservative House Republicans. In November 2006, Pence announced his candidacy for leader of the Republican Party ( minority leader ) in the United States House of Representatives . Pence's release announcing his run for minority leader focused on
2925-482: The 2016 Indiana Republican presidential primary , Pence endorsed Texas U.S. Senator Ted Cruz , who would lose the primary to Trump. Pence then endorsed Trump after the latter became the party's presumptive nominee for president of the United States. Donald Trump considered naming Pence as his vice presidential running mate along with other finalists including New Jersey governor Chris Christie and former House speaker Newt Gingrich . Pence had stronger connections at
3042-508: The Biden administration . In the statement the spokesperson said, "At a time of unprecedented activity and opportunity generated by America’s activities in space, the National Space Council will be renewed to assist the President in generating national space policies, strategies, and synchronizing America’s space activities." While the makeup of the council has yet to be finalized the spokesperson stated "While we are still working details, we will tailor
3159-457: The Disciples of Christ spoke out against the law. Apple CEO Tim Cook and Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff condemned the law, with the latter's company saying it would halt its plans to expand in the state. Angie's List announced that they would cancel a $ 40 million expansion of their Indianapolis-based headquarters over concerns with the law. The expansion would have moved 1,000 jobs into
3276-527: The Eisenhower presidency , the staff was expanded and reorganized. Eisenhower, a former U.S. Army general, had been Supreme Allied Commander during the war and reorganized the Executive Office to suit his leadership style. As of 2009, the staff is much bigger. Estimates indicate some 3,000 to 4,000 persons serve in office staff positions with policy-making responsibilities, with a budget of $ 300 to $ 400 million (George W. Bush's budget request for Fiscal Year 2005
3393-523: The Guttmacher Institute was not required in any other state. The law was described as "exceptional for its breadth"; if implemented, it would have made Indiana "the first state to have a blanket ban on abortions based solely on race, sex or suspected disabilities, including evidence of Down syndrome ". Days after the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt ,
3510-587: The Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law before entering private practice. He lost two House bids in 1988 and 1990 and was a conservative radio and television talk show host from 1994 to 1999. After being elected to the House in 2000, Pence represented Indiana's 2nd district from 2001 to 2003 and 6th district from 2003 to 2013. He chaired the Republican Study Committee from 2005 to 2007 and House Republican Conference from 2009 to 2011. He
3627-608: The Korean War and received the Bronze Star in 1953, which Pence displays in his office along with its commendation letter and a reception photograph. His father was of German and Irish descent, and his mother is of Irish ancestry. His paternal grandfather, Edward Joseph Pence Sr., worked in the Chicago stockyards . He was named after his maternal grandfather, Richard Michael Cawley, who emigrated from Dooncastle , County Mayo , Ireland, to
National Space Council - Misplaced Pages Continue
3744-495: The Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, where he became the chapter president. After graduating from Hanover, he was an admissions counselor at the college from 1981 to 1983. During his time at Hanover, Pence was a friend of future actor Woody Harrelson , whom he helped prepare to deliver a sermon as part of Harrelson's ministry studies. Harrelson later told late-night talk show host Jimmy Kimmel that he " ' quite liked [Pence]' at
3861-699: The Reorganization Act of 1939 . The Act led to Reorganization Plan No. 1, which created the office, which reported directly to the president. The office encompassed two subunits at its outset, the White House Office (WHO) and the Bureau of the Budget, the predecessor to today's Office of Management and Budget , which was created in 1921 and originally located in the Treasury Department . It absorbed most of
3978-503: The United States Trade Representative ). The information in the following table is current as of January 20, 2021. Only principal executives are listed; for subordinate officers, see individual office pages. The White House Office (including its various offices listed below ) is a sub-unit of the Executive Office of the President (office). The various agencies of the office are listed above. Congress as well as
4095-615: The age of the Earth , and letting children decide for themselves what to believe. Despite successful advocacy for more funding for pre-schools, voucher programs , and charter schools , Pence has frequently clashed with teachers unions and supporters of public schooling . In one of his first acts as governor, Pence removed control of the Educational Employment Relations Board, which was in charge of handling conflicts between unions and school boards , from Glenda Ritz ,
4212-474: The 19th century, presidents had few staff resources. Thomas Jefferson had one messenger and one secretary at his disposal, both of whose salaries were paid by the president personally. It was not until 1857 that Congress appropriated money ($ 2,500) for the hiring of one clerk. By Ulysses S. Grant 's presidency (1869–1877), the staff had grown to three. By 1900, the White House staff included one "secretary to
4329-682: The Catholic Church and became an evangelical, born-again Christian , to the disappointment of his mother. His political views also started shifting to the right during this time in his life, something which Pence attributes to the "common-sense conservatism of Ronald Reagan " with which he began to identify. After graduating from law school in 1986, Pence was an attorney in private practice. In 1988, he ran for Congress against Democratic incumbent Philip Sharp , but lost. He ran against Sharp again in 1990, quitting his job in order to work full-time in
4446-516: The Council to ensure we have representation that can address the priorities of the Administration — such as space-related science and technologies, space exploration, solutions to address climate change , ensuring economic and educational opportunities, building partnerships, cementing norms of behaviors in space, and addressing matters of national security efforts in space." It was also announced that
4563-535: The Family and Social Services Administration (FSSA); and $ 12 million cut from the Department of Correction . During Pence's term as governor, the unemployment rate reflected the national average. Indiana's job growth lagged slightly behind the national trend. In 2014, Indiana's economy was among the slowest-growing in the United States, with 0.4 percent GDP growth, compared to the national average of 2.2 percent; this
4680-486: The Indiana "religious objections" bill or Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), into law. The move was praised by religious conservatives , but criticized by people and groups who felt the law was carefully worded in a way that would permit discrimination against LGBT persons. Such organizations as the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the gamer convention Gen Con , and
4797-524: The Indiana Gateway project, a $ 71.4 million passenger and freight rail improvement initiative paid for by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the federal stimulus package), which Pence had voted against while a congressman. In October 2015, Pence "announced plans to pay off a $ 250 million federal loan" to cover unemployment insurance payments which had spiked during
National Space Council - Misplaced Pages Continue
4914-604: The Indiana Legislature overrode Pence's veto of a bill to retroactively authorize a local tax. Lawmakers overrode his veto by a 68–23 vote in the House and a 34–12 one in the Senate . Republican legislators overwhelmingly voted against Pence, while most Democrats supported his veto. The Jackson–Pulaski tax fix, one of three bills vetoed by Pence during the session, addressed a 15-year-old county income tax that had been imposed to fund
5031-524: The Indiana endeavor to state-run media in Russia and China. Headlines like 'Pravda in the Plains' accompanied calls for Pence to scrap the idea." David A. Graham of The Atlantic regarded the announcement of JustIN as evidence of a disturbing changing trend in how the public gets news. After a week or so of controversy about the idea, Pence scrapped the idea saying, "However well-intentioned, after thorough review of
5148-518: The Moon's South Pole, which holds great "scientific, economic, and strategic value". Afterward, there were two expert panels on human space exploration and council discussion, respectively. Panel 1: Ready to Fly, was led by: Panel 2: Ready to Explore, was led by: On 29 March 2021 a spokesperson for the National Security Council announced that the National Space Council would continue under
5265-520: The National Aeronautics and Space Council. However, he completed two terms as president without having done so. In October 2016, Robert Smith Walker and Peter Navarro , two senior policy advisers to GOP presidential candidate Donald Trump , wrote in an op-ed in SpaceNews that if elected, Trump would reinstitute a national space policy council headed by the vice president. In the first year of
5382-711: The President of the United States ( EOP ) comprises the offices and agencies that support the work of the president at the center of the executive branch of the United States federal government . The office consists of several offices and agencies, such as the White House Office (the staff working closest with the president, including West Wing staff), the National Security Council , Homeland Security Council , Office of Management and Budget , Council of Economic Advisers , and others. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building houses most staff. The office
5499-480: The Republican nomination for governor of Indiana in 2012. Incumbent Republican governor Mitch Daniels was term-limited. Pence ran on a platform that touted the successes of his predecessor and promised to continue educational reform and business deregulation of Daniels. The Democratic nominee was former Indiana Speaker of the House John R. Gregg . Despite strong name recognition and a popular outgoing governor of
5616-515: The Republican-controlled Indiana General Assembly "repeatedly tried to roll back renewable energy standards and successfully ended Indiana's energy efficiency efforts". Pence has been an outspoken supporter of the coal industry , declaring in his 2015 State of the State address that "Indiana is a pro-coal state," expressing support for an "all-of-the-above energy strategy", and stating: "we must continue to oppose
5733-632: The Secretaries of State and Defense, the NASA Administrator, the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, plus up to four additional members (one from the federal government and up to three from the private industry) chosen at the President's discretion. The Council was allowed to employ a staff to be headed by a civilian executive secretary. Eisenhower did not use the NASC extensively during
5850-564: The Trump administration, Vice President Mike Pence indicated that the space council would be re-established, and would have a significant involvement in the direction of America's activities in space. On June 30, 2017, President Trump signed an executive order for such a reestablishment. The revival of the National Space Council and the drafting of the Executive Order was led by Trump's senior advisor Peter J. White . Following its re-institution,
5967-457: The U.S. House of Representatives again in 2000, he won the seat in Indiana's 2nd congressional district after six-year incumbent David M. McIntosh opted to run for governor of Indiana. The 2nd district (renumbered the 6th in 2002) comprised all or portions of 19 counties in eastern Indiana. As a new congressman, Pence adopted the slogan he had used on the radio, describing himself as "a Christian,
SECTION 50
#17328456516126084-642: The United States through Ellis Island and who became a bus driver in Chicago, Illinois. His maternal grandmother's parents were from Doonbeg , County Clare , Ireland. Pence graduated from Columbus North High School in 1977. He earned a Bachelor of Arts in history from Hanover College in 1981, and a Juris Doctor from the Robert H. McKinney School of Law at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis in Indianapolis in 1986. While at Hanover, he joined
6201-665: The account and used it to send fraudulent emails in an attempt to obtain money from Pence's contacts. While Pence's use of a private email account for state business is not prohibited by Indiana law, some of the emails discussed sensitive matters and homeland security issues. In March 2017, after Pence had become vice president, the State of Indiana released 29 emails to media outlets that had made public records requests , but withheld an undisclosed number of other emails, saying they were deliberative or advisory and thus exempt from public disclosure. Cybersecurity experts and government transparency advocates were surprised by Pence's use of
6318-624: The aid of Samuel K. Skinner , the White House chief of staff, in urging Pres. Bush to remove Truly. Quayle and the council staff made the move because they felt Truly would impede a new plan to restructure and streamline many aspects of the space program, including the space agency administration. In 1993, the Space Council was disbanded and its functions absorbed by the National Science and Technology Council . In August 2008, when campaigning for president, Barack Obama promised to re-establish
6435-409: The campaign, but once again was unsuccessful. During the race, Pence used "political donations to pay the mortgage on his house, his personal credit card bill, groceries, golf tournament fees and car payments for his wife". While the spending was not illegal at the time, it reportedly undermined his campaign. During the 1990 campaign, Pence ran a television advertisement in which an actor, dressed in
6552-630: The candidates selected to serve on the National Space Council Users Advisory Group. Pending official appointment by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the selected members of the Users Advisory Group will serve to fulfill President Trump's mandate to "foster close coordination, cooperation, and technology and information exchange" across our nation's space enterprise. The announcement
6669-502: The companies agreed to reimburse local and state governments for certain tax incentives they had received. The Indiana Economic Development Corporation led by Pence had approved $ 24 million in incentives to ten companies who sent jobs abroad. $ 8.7 million had been paid out by August 2016. In 2013, Pence signed a law blocking local governments in Indiana from requiring businesses to offer higher wages or benefits beyond those required by federal law. In 2015, Pence also signed
6786-412: The conflict. In May 2015, Pence signed a bill stripping Ritz of much of her authority over standardized testing and other education issues, and reconstituting the State Board of Education dominated by Pence appointees. The bill also allowed the board to appoint a chairman other than the Superintendent of Public Instruction starting in 2017, and added the State Board of Education (controlled by Pence) as
6903-421: The construction of jail facilities with the stipulation that the tax be lowered by one percent after the first several years. The reduction had not been implemented and thus county residents had been paying an additional one percent tax that they were legally not required to pay. The bill, which was passed by a huge majority of legislators and subsequently vetoed by Pence, allowed money to be kept and not returned to
7020-424: The council met for the first time on October 5, 2017, at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum 's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center and Space Museum in Chantilly, Virginia. On December 9, 2020, the 8th and last meeting of the White House National Space Council under the leadership of then Vice President Mike Pence took place at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), FL. Major announcements were a new National Space Policy and
7137-492: The council's User Advisory Group would continue. On April 29, 2021, NASA Administrator Bill Nelson announced Vice President Kamala Harris was appointed chairman of the council. Vice President Harris later appointed Chirag Parikh as executive secretary of the National Space Council, on August 2, 2021. List of meetings of the Revived National Space Council chaired by Vice President Kamala Harris : On August 12, 2022, Introduction by Sala Ba . Vice President Harris presented
SECTION 60
#17328456516127254-410: The disease despite the recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control that needle exchange was an efficacious approach to reining in the spread of diseases. Pence had told lawmakers he would veto any bill they might pass that provided for such exchanges. In 2015, Pence and the Obama administration agreed to expand Medicaid in Indiana, in accordance with the Affordable Care Act . As part of
7371-456: The election results and the attack on the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021 , Pence oversaw the certification of Biden–Harris as the winner of the election. Pence has since distanced himself from Trump, endorsing candidates in primary elections in opposition to those supported by Trump and criticizing Trump's conduct on the day of the Capitol attack. In June 2023, he launched a bid for the 2024 Republican presidential nomination , but withdrew by
7488-400: The end of October. He chose not to endorse Trump in the general election . Likewise, Trump decided not to have Pence as his vice-presidential candidate again, instead choosing JD Vance . Pence was born on June 7, 1959, in Columbus, Indiana, one of six children of Ann Jane "Nancy" Cawley and Edward Joseph Pence Jr., who ran a group of gas stations. His father served in the U.S. Army during
7605-623: The expansion, called the Healthy Indiana Plan 2.0, Pence negotiated modifications to the program for Indiana that included co-payments by participants. The co-payments are linked to healthy behaviors on the part of the participants so that, for example, a participant who quit smoking would receive a lower co-payment. Participants can lose benefits for failing to make the payments. The required contribution would be about 2% of income. Critics say those who already struggle to buy food and housing will have even more difficulty paying their 2%. One critic expressed concern that lower-income people may stay out of
7722-457: The functions of the National Emergency Council. Initially, the new staff system appeared more ambitious on paper than in practice; the increase in the size of the staff was quite modest at the start. However, it laid the groundwork for the large and organizationally complex White House staff that emerged during the presidencies of Roosevelt's successors. Roosevelt's efforts are also notable in contrast to those of his predecessors in office. During
7839-569: The largest HIV outbreak related to injection drug use in the history of the United States by stalling adoption of a needle exchange program . Adams said, "There are people who have real moral and ethical concerns about passing out needles to people with substance abuse problems. To be honest, I shared that sentiment." When President Trump appointed Pence in 2020 to head the country's response to coronavirus, he touted his ostensible experience with quelling an epidemic of HIV in Indiana, in which Pence deliberately delayed his state government's response to
7956-421: The last 40 years. Pence called Dick Cheney his role model for vice president. During Pence's preparations for the vice presidential debate in October 2016, Wisconsin governor Scott Walker played the role of Democratic vice presidential nominee Tim Kaine . In Kaine's own debate prep, lawyer Robert Barnett was selected to play Pence. Following the debate, experts concluded Pence won against Kaine, with
8073-448: The law," while refusing to answer whether examples of discrimination against LGBT people would be legal under the law. Pence denied the law permitted discrimination and wrote in a March 31, 2015 Wall Street Journal op-ed, "If I saw a restaurant owner refuse to serve a gay couple, I wouldn't eat there anymore. As governor of Indiana, if I were presented a bill that legalized discrimination against any person or group, I would veto it." In
8190-472: The law. In March 2016, as Indiana governor, Pence signed into law H.B. 1337, a bill that both banned certain abortion procedures and placed new restrictions on abortion providers . The bill banned abortion if the reason for the procedure given by the woman was the fetus ' race or gender or a fetal abnormality. In addition, the bill required that all fetal remains from abortions or miscarriages at any stage of pregnancy be buried or cremated, which according to
8307-448: The legislation, although he did not get everything he had proposed. Legislation signed into law by Pence in 2013 greatly increased the number of students in Indiana who qualify for school vouchers, making it one of the largest voucher programs in the United States. The annual cost of the program was estimated to be $ 53 million for the 2015–2016 school year. Pence opposed the Common Core State Standards Initiative , calling for
8424-536: The legislative package was the "largest tax cut in our state's history, about $ 1.1 billion dollars". By signing Senate Bill 1, the state corporate income tax would be dropped from 6.5 percent to 4.9 percent by 2021, which would be the second-lowest corporate income tax in the nation. The law also permitted Indiana counties to eliminate the business personal property tax on new equipment and let them exempt small businesses with less than $ 20,000 worth of equipment from paying personal property taxes. On June 12, 2013,
8541-543: The measure would attract more gun-related businesses to Indiana, but opposed by Gary mayor and former Indiana attorney general Karen Freeman-Wilson , who viewed the measure as "an unprecedented violation of the separation of powers between the legislative and judicial branches of state government". In 2016, Pence signed Senate Bill 109 into law, legalizing the captive hunting of farm-raised deer in Indiana. In 2009, parts of East Chicago were discovered to have toxic lead and arsenic contamination , and were designated
8658-656: The meeting. The Vice President also stated that NASA would be directed to ensure that the first woman and next man on the Moon will both be American astronauts from American soil, and that the Trump Administration and the American people are committed to achieving that goal at the Marshall Space Flight Center, located in Huntsville, Alabama. He emphasized that the National Space Council would be aiming to get to
8775-519: The most recent meeting agenda booklet [1] Selection to the National Space Council Users Advisory Group: The fifth meeting of the National Space Council was held on March 26, 2019, where Chairman Vice President Mike Pence announced that U.S. astronauts would return to the surface of the Moon by March 26, 2024. Reports from NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine and other council members were received and reviewed during
8892-557: The naming of 18 NASA astronauts on the Artemis Team. The executive secretary of the National Space Council was Scott Pace during the Trump Administration. List of meetings of the Revived National Space Council chaired by then Vice President Mike Pence: The revived National Space Council consists of the following members: On February 20, 2018, Vice President Mike Pence , Chairman of the National Space Council announced
9009-511: The overreaching schemes of the EPA until we bring their war on coal to an end." In 2015, Pence sent a letter to President Obama denouncing the EPA's Clean Power Plan (which would regulate carbon emissions from existing power plants) and stating that Indiana would refuse to comply with the plan. Indiana joined other states in a lawsuit seeking to invalidate the plan. In 2016, Pence said that even if legal challenges failed, Indiana would continue to defy
9126-491: The preliminary planning and careful consideration of the concerns expressed, I am writing you to inform you that I have made a decision to terminate development of the JustIN website immediately." As governor, Pence attempted unsuccessfully to prevent Syrian refugees from being resettled in Indiana. In February 2016, a federal judge ruled that Pence's order to cut off federal funds for a local non-profit refugee resettlement agency
9243-577: The president has some control over the Executive Office of the President. Some of this authority stems from its appropriation powers given by the Constitution, such as the "power of the purse", which affects the Office of Management and Budget and the funding of the rest of federal departments and agencies. Congress also has the right to investigate the operation of the Executive Office, normally holding hearings bringing forward individual personnel to testify before
9360-468: The president" (then the title of the president's chief aide), two assistant secretaries, two executive clerks, a stenographer , and seven other office personnel. Under Warren G. Harding , there were thirty-one staff, although most were in clerical positions. During Herbert Hoover's presidency , two additional secretaries to the president were added by Congress, one of whom Hoover designated as his press secretary . From 1933 to 1939, as he greatly expanded
9477-470: The program "far outstripped" capacity, and Pence at first refused to apply for up to $ 80 million in federal Health and Human Services Preschool Development Grant program funding, arguing that "Indiana must develop our own pre-K program without federal intrusion". After coming under sustained criticism for this position, Pence reversed course and sought to apply for the funds. In 2015, Pence secured significant increases in charter-school funding from
9594-577: The program or avoid pursuing health care. A service provider said the program "wins the award for bureaucratic complexity and red tape". In early 2017, Indiana submitted its application to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to renew Healthy Indiana, to show that the program was meeting its targets, as required for renewal. National Public Radio/Side Effects Public Media said the application used "misleading and inaccurate information". On March 26, 2015, Pence signed Indiana Senate Bill 101, also known as
9711-417: The recession . In March 2016, Pence signed legislation to fund a $ 230 million two-year road-funding package. During his tenure as governor, Pence supported significant increases in education funding to pre-schools, voucher programs , and charter schools , but frequently clashed with supporters of traditional public schools. In 2014, a little over one year after taking office, Pence helped establish
9828-479: The remainder of his term, and recommended at the end of his last year in office that it be abolished. He did not fill the post of executive secretary but named an acting secretary on loan from NASA . Shortly before assuming office, then President-elect John F. Kennedy announced that he wanted his Vice President, Lyndon Johnson , to become chairman of the NASC, requiring an amendment to the Space Act. Edward C. Welsh
9945-508: The repeal of an Indiana law that required construction companies working on publicly funded projects to pay a prevailing wage . Indiana had enacted right-to-work legislation under Pence's predecessor, Republican governor Mitch Daniels. Under Pence, the state successfully defended this legislation against a labor challenge. In 2013, Pence also announced the formation of the Indiana Biosciences Research Institute ,
10062-453: The repeal of the standards in his 2014 State of the State address . The Indiana General Assembly then passed a bill to repeal the standards, becoming the first state to do so. In a televised interview appearance with Chris Matthews , Pence advocated for putting creationism on a par with science in public schools, accepting creationist beliefs as factual, and thus teaching the controversy over evolution and natural selection, and regarding
10179-624: The rule and would not come up with its own plan to reduce emissions. In 2014, over the opposition of Indiana school organizations, Pence signed a bill which allows firearms to be kept in vehicles on school property. In 2015, following a shooting in Chattanooga , Pence recruited the National Rifle Association to train the Indiana National Guard on concealed carry. Some National Guard officials from other states questioned why
10296-835: The running mate of Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump, who won the 2016 presidential election . As vice president, Pence chaired the National Space Council following its reestablishment in 2017 as well as the White House Coronavirus Task Force , which was established in early 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic . Pence and Trump lost their bid for re-election in the 2020 presidential election to Joe Biden and Kamala Harris , although Trump refused to concede, made false or unproven allegations of election fraud, and filed numerous unsuccessful lawsuits in multiple states . Despite Trump's urging to overturn
10413-451: The same party, Pence found himself in a heated race, eventually pulling out a close win with just under 50 percent of the vote, and less than 3% ahead of Gregg, with Libertarian nominee Rupert Boneham receiving most of the remaining votes. It was the closest race in 50 years. Pence was sworn in as the 50th governor of Indiana on January 14, 2013. Pence "inherited a $ 2 billion budget reserve from his predecessor, Mitch Daniels, and
10530-458: The scope of the federal government's policies and powers in response to the Great Depression , Roosevelt relied on his "brain trust" of top advisers, who were often appointed to vacant positions in agencies and departments, from which they drew their salaries since the White House lacked statutory or budgetary authority to create new staff positions. After World War II , in particular, during
10647-484: The size of the White House staff has increased to include an array of policy experts responsible with managing various federal governmental functions and policy areas. As of 2015, it included approximately 1,800 positions, most of which did not require confirmation from the U.S. Senate . The office is overseen by the White House chief of staff . Since February 8, 2023, that position has been held by Jeff Zients , who
10764-444: The state ... added to that reserve under his watch, though not before requiring state agencies, including public universities, to reduce funding in years in which revenue fell below projections". The state finished fiscal year 2014 with a reserve of $ 2 billion; budget cuts ordered by Pence for the $ 14 billion annual state budget include $ 24 million cut from colleges and universities; $ 27 million cut from
10881-703: The state ban on funding for needle exchanges. Critics say Pence's compromise had been ineffective because counties had no way to pay for needle exchanges themselves. Anesthesiologist Jerome Adams , then the Pence-appointed Indiana state health commissioner and later surgeon general of the United States during the Trump administration , defended Pence, arguing that publicly funded needle exchange programs are controversial in many conservative communities. During his time as Indiana State Health Commissioner, Adams—along with Governor Pence—delayed Indiana's efforts to deal with
10998-472: The state. Thousands protested against the policy. Five Republican state representatives voted against the bill, and Greg Ballard , the Republican mayor of Indianapolis, criticized it as sending the "wrong signal" about the state. Pence defended the law, saying it was not about discrimination. In an appearance on the ABC News program This Week with George Stephanopoulos , he said, "We're not going to change
11115-533: The taxpayers as would have otherwise been necessary. As governor, Pence pressed for a balanced budget amendment to the state's constitution . He initially proposed the initiative in his State of the State address in January 2015. The legislation passed the state Senate. Indiana has had AAA credit ratings with the three major credit-rating agencies since 2010, before Pence took office; these ratings were maintained throughout Pence's tenure. In 2014, Pence supported
11232-457: The time to the politically influential big donors, the Kochs , than Trump did. It was widely reported on July 14 that Pence planned to end his (Indiana gubernatorial) re-election campaign and accept the Republican vice presidential nomination instead. The following day, Trump officially announced on Twitter that Pence would be his running mate. Immediately after the announcement, Pence said he
11349-566: The time". In his childhood and early adulthood, Pence was a Roman Catholic and a Democrat , as was the rest of his family. He volunteered for the Bartholomew County Democratic Party in 1976 and voted for Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election , and has said he was originally inspired to get involved in politics by people such as John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. While in college, Pence left
11466-516: The time, it was reported that the two employees who would run the news service would be paid a combined $ 100,000 yearly salary. The target audience was small newspapers which had limited staff, but the site would also serve to communicate directly with the public. The publisher of the Commercial Review of Portland, Indiana , said, "I think it's a ludicrous idea ... the notion of elected officials presenting material that will inevitably have
11583-524: The title Deputy Assistant to the President , and third-level staff have the title Special Assistant to the President . The core White House staff appointments, and most Executive Office officials generally, are not required to be confirmed by the U.S. Senate , although there are a handful of exceptions (e.g., the director of the Office of Management and Budget , the chair of the Council of Economic Advisers , and
11700-459: The wake of the backlash against the RFRA, on April 2, 2015, Pence signed legislation revising the law to protect against potential discrimination. Pence received heavy criticism from liberals at the time of signing the religious freedom law, who labeled him as anti-gay. In 2018, emails released to the Associated Press showed that conservatives had similarly opposed his support of the subsequent changes to
11817-451: Was elected governor of Indiana in 2012. As governor, Pence initiated the largest tax cut in Indiana's history and pushed for more funding for private education initiatives. He signed bills intended to restrict abortions, including one that prohibited abortions if the reason for the procedure was the fetus's race, gender, or disability, and required funerary services for terminated fetuses, including those resulting from miscarriage; this law
11934-434: Was "very supportive of Donald Trump's call to temporarily suspend immigration from countries where terrorist influence and impact represents a threat to the United States". Pence said he was "absolutely" in sync with Trump's Mexican wall proposal, saying Mexico was "absolutely" going to pay for it. According to a FiveThirtyEight rating of candidates' ideology, Pence was the most conservative vice-presidential candidate in
12051-402: Was abolished in 1973 by a reorganization of the Executive Office of the President . President Richard Nixon decided that, because "basic policy issues in the United States space effort have been resolved, and the necessary interagency relationships have been established", the NASC was no longer needed. George H. W. Bush created the National Space Council by Executive Order 12675. The Council
12168-500: Was appointed by President Joe Biden . In 1937, the Brownlow Committee , which was a presidentially commissioned panel of political science and public administration experts, recommended sweeping changes to the executive branch of the U.S. federal government , including the creation of the Executive Office of the President. Based on these recommendations, President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939 lobbied Congress to approve
12285-411: Was attributed in part to a sluggish manufacturing sector. Carrier Corp. and United Technologies Electronic Controls (UTEC) announced in 2016 that they would be closing two facilities in Indiana, sending 2,100 jobs to Mexico; the Trump campaign criticized the moves and Pence expressed "deep disappointment". Pence was unsuccessful in his efforts to persuade the companies to stay in the state, although
12402-423: Was chaired by Vice President Dan Quayle and included the following members: On February 12, 1992, friction between the largely astronaut-based management at NASA and the National Space Council led to Richard Truly , then NASA Administrator and a former astronaut, being removed from the council. Truly was forced out after Vice President Quayle and the space council's executive director, Mark J. Albrecht , enlisted
12519-455: Was criticized for deleting comments of others posted on his official government Facebook page; he subsequently apologized. On January 26, 2015, it was widely reported that Pence had planned to launch a state-run, taxpayer-funded news service for Indiana. The service, called "JustIN", was to be overseen by a former reporter for The Indianapolis Star , and would feature breaking news, stories written by press secretaries, and light features. At
12636-485: Was elected unanimously. He was the first representative from Indiana to hold a House leadership position since 1981. During Pence's twelve years in the House, he introduced 90 bills and resolutions ; none became law. His committee assignments in the House were the following: In 2008, Esquire magazine listed Pence as one of the ten best members of Congress, writing that Pence's "unalloyed traditional conservatism has repeatedly pitted him against his party elders". Pence
12753-444: Was for $ 341 million in support of 1,850 personnel). Some observers have noted a problem of control for the president due to the increase in staff and departments, making coordination and cooperation between the various departments of the Executive Office more difficult. The president had the power to reorganize the Executive Office due to the 1949 Reorganization Act which gave the president considerable discretion, until 1983 when it
12870-466: Was made on the eve of the second meeting of the National Space Council. "Moon, Mars, and Worlds Beyond: Winning the Next Frontier" includes testimonials from leaders in the civil, commercial, and national security sectors about the importance of the United States' space enterprise. NSC UAG consists of six subcommittees. Details are at nasa.gov With detailed reports of meetings at FederalRegister.gov. and
12987-506: Was mentioned as a possible Republican candidate for president in 2008 and 2012 . In September 2010, he was the top choice for president in a straw poll conducted by the Values Voter Summit . That same year, he was encouraged to run against incumbent Democratic senator Evan Bayh , but opted not to enter the race, even after Bayh unexpectedly announced that he would retire. In May 2011, Pence announced that he would be seeking
13104-420: Was renewed due to President Reagan's administration allegedly encountering "disloyalty and obstruction". The chief of staff is the head of the Executive Office and can therefore ultimately decide what the president needs to deal with personally and what can be dealt with by other staff. Senior staff within the Executive Office of the President have the title Assistant to the President , second-level staff have
13221-506: Was ruled unconstitutional by a federal judge and prevented from going into effect. After Pence signed the Religious Freedom Restoration Act , he encountered resistance from moderate members of his party, the business community, and LGBT advocates. The backlash against the bill led Pence to approve changes to the law to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and other criteria. He later became
13338-539: Was standing by Trump. In response to the revelation, Paul Ryan "uninvited" Trump from what would have been a joint campaign event. The Trump campaign attempted to substitute Pence for Trump at the event, but according to The New York Times , Pence called Trump on October 8 and told him that he (Pence) would not appear at the event, and that Trump would need to handle the next 48 hours on his own, as Pence did not think he would be an effective surrogate for Trump. According to Bob Woodward 's 2018 book Fear: Trump in
13455-601: Was the first executive secretary of the NASC, appointed in 1961 by President John F. Kennedy . Welsh, who as a legislative aide to Senator Stuart Symington (D-Missouri) helped draft the 1958 legislation that created NASA and the NASC, spent the 1960s as the principal advisor to the White House on space issues. He also assisted in the development of the legislation that created the Communications Satellite Corporation (COMSAT). After his retirement in 1969, he remained active as an advisor to NASA. The NASC
13572-463: Was to face Democrat John R. Gregg in a rematch of the 2012 race. However, Pence filed paperwork ending his campaign on July 15, 2016, as Trump announced his selection of Pence as his vice presidential running mate . Lieutenant Governor Eric Holcomb was nominated in Pence's place, and selected Suzanne Crouch as his running mate. Holcomb went on to defeat Gregg in the general election. Shortly before
13689-480: Was unconstitutional; Pence unsuccessfully appealed. In December 2015, Pence said that "calls to ban Muslims from entering the U.S. are offensive and unconstitutional". Pence "repeatedly stonewalled public records requests as governor, often withholding documents or delaying their release if not denying them outright". As governor, Pence routinely used a personal AOL email account to conduct official business, according to public records. In 2016, hackers compromised
#611388