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66-496: In 2015 NSF released the results of a research study on sleep duration recommendations. The paper titled "National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary" was published in the peer-reviewed Sleep Health Journal . NSF convened an expert panel of 18 leading scientists and researchers tasked with updating the official sleep duration recommendations. The panelists included sleep specialists and representatives from leading organizations including

132-557: A Center of Excellence dedicated to the elimination of children's exposure to tobacco and secondhand smoke . The Richmond Center was established to help institutionalize pediatric tobacco control activities at AAP and was named in honor of Julius B. Richmond , MD, Chair of the FAMRI Medical Advisory Board and former Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service . The Center provides

198-406: A "National Sleep Awareness Week," but the poll, the declaration of a dedicated day and week, and the widely distributed press kits were paid for by manufacturers of sleeping medications, and the public relations firm assigned to contact medical reporters about the poll took the opportunity to mention the shortly-approaching release of Lunesta (eszopiclone), the first sleeping medication approved in

264-777: A cause of tobacco use initiation in adolescents. AAP supports a minimum purchasing age of 21 years for tobacco products. Increasing age of purchase has been shown to decrease youth smoking rates. Younger age of starting tobacco use leads to lower rates of ever stopping tobacco use . According to Block (2023) , the AAP and other American medical professional groups have becoming increasingly aligned in supporting gender affirming care for gender dysphoria, which may include gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) to suppress puberty; oestrogen or testosterone to promote secondary sex characteristics; and surgical removal or augmentation of breasts, genitals, or other physical features. In 2018,

330-594: A mask without increased face touching. Teachers' unions opposed the AAP statement, however, saying "Our educators are overwhelmingly not comfortable returning to schools ... They fear for their lives, the lives of their students and the lives of their families." Two weeks later, the AAP walked back its support, under political pressure from teachers and other groups. The then-president Donald Trump cited AAP's original statement repeatedly, pressuring school leaders to reopen schools. In its 2020 statement in Pediatrics ,

396-519: A mental health issue exists, it most often stems from stigma and negative experiences rather than being intrinsic to the child. The AAP also describe conversion therapy as "unsuccessful", "deleterious" and "outside the mainstream of traditional medical practice". Finally, the AAP recommends that youth identifying as transgender have access to comprehensive and development-appropriate healthcare provided in safe and inclusive clinics but also that family based therapy be available. The AAP also recommend that

462-724: A partner with a sleep problem, with snoring being the most common complaint. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) declared insufficient sleep a "public health epidemic" in 2014. Sleep Health is NSF's official, peer-reviewed academic journal. It was launched in 2015. The Journal's aims are to explore sleep's role in population health and bring the social science perspective on sleep and health. Its scope extends across diverse sleep-related fields, including anthropology, education, health services research, human development, international health, law, mental health, nursing, nutrition, psychology, public health, public policy, fatigue management, transportation, social work, and sociology. The Journal

528-458: A rigorous scientific process that included reviewing over 300 current scientific publications and voting on how much sleep is appropriate throughout the lifespan. NSF developed Sleep Health Index to measure sleep health at a global group or at an individual level. It was created with the help of sleep experts and public opinion research experts. It is composed of three sub-component scales: sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleep disorders. The Index

594-472: A simple message to families. Drowsy driving Sleep-deprived driving (commonly known as tired driving , drowsy driving , or fatigued driving ) is the operation of a motor vehicle while being cognitively impaired by a lack of sleep. Sleep deprivation is a major cause of motor vehicle accidents, and it can impair the human brain as much as inebriation can. According to a 1998 survey, 23% of adults have fallen asleep while driving. According to

660-468: A sleeping pill, they're saying go to the doctor and that doctor will sell you a sleeping pill in a large proportion of instances." Wolfe also criticized American doctors for "selling" sleeping pills, "even if it's not what (the patient) really need(s)." A previous 2002 "Sleep in America" poll from NSF, which similarly characterized the results as revealing an "epidemic" of daytime sleepiness in its press release,

726-481: A substantial body of research has demonstrated that delaying the start of the school day is an effective countermeasure to chronic sleep loss and has a wide range of potential benefits to the physical and mental health, safety, and academic achievement of students—including reduced obesity risk, rates of depression, and drowsy driving crashes as well as improved academic performance and quality of life. Later start times also result in less frequent tardiness . There

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792-573: Is an important public health issue that significantly affects the health and safety, as well as academic success , the American Academy of Pediatrics strongly supports efforts of school districts to optimize sleep in students and urges high schools and middle schools to aim for start times no earlier than 8:30 a.m., to allow students the opportunity to achieve optimal levels of sleep (8.5–9.5 hours) and to improve physical and mental health, safety, academic performance, and quality of life. Although

858-427: Is divided into 14 departments and 26 divisions. It has the largest pediatric publishing program in the world, with more than 300 titles for consumers and over 500 titles for physicians and other healthcare professionals . These publications include electronic products, professional references, medical textbooks , practice management publications, patient education materials, and parenting books . The AAP News

924-538: Is fielded quarterly and results are publicly available. NSF has conducted a national poll called Sleep in America Poll to catalog the state of sleep in America since 1991.  This poll provides valuable information to the public, sleep community and the media on specific topics of interest. Past Sleep In America poll data and results are available on the NSF's website. The NSF Sleep in America poll began providing evidence of

990-493: Is gathered about the risks and benefits of the procedure. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (electronic cigarettes, e-hookahs, vape pens, others) are highly addictive and often candy-flavored products that are rapidly rising in popularity among middle and high school students, and appear to be serving as a gateway to other forms of tobacco, and threaten to addict a new generation to nicotine . The American Academy of Pediatrics says that although firearms-related deaths in

1056-645: Is headquartered in Itasca, Illinois , and maintains an office in Washington, D.C. The AAP has published hundreds of policy statements, ranging from advocacy issues to practice recommendations. The Academy was founded in 1930 by 35 pediatricians to address pediatric healthcare standards. As of 2022 , it has 67,000 members in primary care and sub-specialist areas. Qualified pediatricians can become fellows (FAAP). The Academy runs continuing medical education (CME) programs for pediatricians and sub-specialists . The Academy

1122-482: Is impaired, have longer reaction time, impairs judgment, and memory is impaired. Sleep deprivation has been proven to affect driving ability mainly in four areas: Sufficient sleep before driving improves memory. Researchers recorded activity in the hippocampus during learning, and recorded from the same locations during sleep. The results were patterns that occurred during sleep resembled those that occurred during learning, except they were more rapid during sleep. Also,

1188-487: Is limited medical controversy surrounded the AAP regarding abusive head trauma (AHT), also called shaken baby syndrome in infants. The current skepticism is not whether violent shaking or shaking with slamming is dangerous to infants and children, but of how the scientific information is used in the legal processes. The AAP updated its policy paper in 2020. In the updated policy paper, the APP states "The AAP continues to affirm

1254-552: Is pharmaceutical and medical device companies." In particular, nearly $ 1 million (≈28%) of its $ 3.6 million budget at the time came from manufacturers of sleeping medications. The National Sleep Foundation is sometimes criticised on the grounds that its work is unduly influenced by funding from sleeping pill manufacturers. The NSF has been criticized by the American Institute of Philanthropy , Dr. Sidney M. Wolfe of Public Citizen 's Health Research Group, Jerry Avorn (head of

1320-512: Is so risky is because sleep becomes an irresistible urge especially from about midnight until 6 a.m. A sleepy period is also "programmed" for the afternoon which makes that a risky time. Sleep-deprived driving is a major problem in commercial transportation and in the military. 20% of commercial pilots and 18% of train operators have admitted to making a serious error due to fatigue. Commercial truck drivers are especially susceptible to drowsy driving. A recent study of 80 long-haul truck drivers in

1386-640: Is the academy's official news magazine, and Pediatrics is its flagship journal. The AAP issues a weekly report on COVID-19 cases in the United States . States began reporting COVID-19 cases on September 17, 2020. The AAP tracked 587,948 child COVID-19 cases, 5,016 child hospitalizations, and 109 child deaths. In 2006, the Academy received a grant from the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (FAMRI) to plan and establish

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1452-605: The American Academy of Pediatrics , American Association of Anatomy , American College of Chest Physicians , American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists , American Geriatrics Society , American Neurological Association , American Physiological Society , American Psychiatric Association , American Thoracic Society , Gerontological Society of America , Human Anatomy and Physiology Society, and Society for Research in Human Development. The panelists participated in

1518-710: The Consumer Technology Association (CTA) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to develop standards for sleep technology. As a result, the R6.4 WG1 Sleep Monitors Group was established, composed of sleep experts and technology manufacturers. In September 2017, CEA and NSF announced a new standard for measuring sleep cycles with wearables and other applications. The new standard expands on 2016's work that defined terms and functionality required for sleep measuring devices. NSF educates

1584-489: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ) rose from 58 to 72 percent. The AAP periodically issues guidance for child passenger safety , including policy recommendations for transitioning between rear-facing car seats , front-facing car seats, belt-positioning booster seats, and vehicle safety belts . These recommendations are typically published in the peer-reviewed scientific journal Pediatrics . Previously,

1650-593: The United States Department of Transportation , twice as many male drivers than female drivers admit to have fallen asleep while driving. In the United States, 250,000 drivers fall asleep at the wheel every day, according to the Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School and in a national poll by the National Sleep Foundation , 54% of adult drivers said they had driven while drowsy during

1716-422: The AAP acknowledges that numerous factors may impair the amount and/or quality of sleep in adolescents—among them, biological changes in sleep associated with puberty , lifestyle choices, and academic demands—it considers school start times before 8:30 a.m. ("earlier school start times") to be a key modifiable contributor to insufficient sleep, together with circadian rhythm disruption. It also recognizes that

1782-450: The AAP called for banning all digital advertising that was targeted to children under the age of 7 and urged limits to advertising aimed at people under 17. This aimed to protect kids from digital tracking on social media, Tv and video games. In a 2012 position statement, the academy stated that a systematic evaluation of the medical literature shows that the "preventive health benefits of elective circumcision of male newborns outweigh

1848-510: The AAP issued a policy statement putting forward a model of gender affirmative care. Gender affirmative care is based in the idea that transgender identities and diverse gender expressions do not constitute a mental disorder, that variations in gender identity and expression are normal aspects of human diversity, and binary definitions of gender do not always reflect emerging gender identities, that gender identity evolves as an interplay of biology, development, socialization, and culture, and that if

1914-406: The AAP recommended that children remain rear-facing until they are two years of age. In response to updated crash test, simulation, and field data, the AAP revised their guidance to exclude the age guideline entirely. Current AAP Child Passenger Safety recommendations (as of August 30, 2018 ) state that children should remain in a rear-facing car seat for as long as possible, until they meet

1980-471: The Academy recommends that pediatricians and regulators treat it as they would tobacco. The Academy supports "decriminalization" of marijuana (reductions in the penalties for its use and possession) in combination with an increased commitment to substance-abuse treatment . The Academy recommends changing marijuana from a DEA Schedule I to a DEA Schedule II to facilitate research into pharmaceutical uses . Recognizing that insufficient sleep in adolescents

2046-426: The Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics at Harvard Medical School ), and other consumer and medical ethics groups for its reliance on industry funding, and the possible influence of such funding on its work. In 2005, for instance, they released a survey purporting to find extremely high rates of insomnia , declared insomnia to be a "crisis" and an "epidemic," announced an "Insomnia Awareness Day" and

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2112-594: The National Sleep Foundation" or have implied such endorsement in their literature. My Pillow made such claims in its television ads. At the time, the NSF was selling MyPillow on its own website. When asked by the Truth in Advertising consumer rights organization, an NSF spokesman declined to say whether MyPillow had made payments to the organization for its claimed “official pillow” status, but said in an email that

2178-652: The Nebraska Rural Health and Safety Coalition once posted on the Centers for Disease Control website once claimed that collisions related to sleep deprivation are most likely to happen in the early to mid afternoon, and in the very early morning hours. However, several other groups including the AAA Foundation naturalistic studies have found that crashes that occurred in darkness were more than three times as likely to involve driver drowsiness as those that occurred during

2244-543: The PERCLOS measure, which is the percentage of time that the driver's eyes are closed over a defined time period. Of 701 crashes the researchers studied, drowsiness was a factor in 8.8–9.5%, including 10.6–10.8% of crashes that led to significant property damage, deployment of the airbag , or injury. No fatal crashes occurred over the course of the study, however, so the researchers were unable to reliably estimate drowsy driving's contributions to fatalities. A 2002 fact sheet from

2310-570: The SleepTech Awards, the world's first innovation awards targeted specifically at sleep technology. Recent winners are: NSF is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization , and contributions are tax-deductible. The foundation's programs are funded by corporate and individual contributions, and through its partnerships with corporations and government entities. Its recent revenues are in the $ 3.5 million range. According to then-CEO Richard Gelula, "The largest single source of National Sleep Foundation funding

2376-613: The US have dropped since the 1990s, guns were used in more than 80 percent of teen homicides in 2009 and were the most common suicide method among US teens. The AAP believes pediatricians should discuss guns and gun safety with parents before babies are born and at children's annual exams. It also advocates for, among other things, more background checks , an assault weapons ban , and more federal research on gun violence . The AAP warns of possible marijuana damage to children and adolescents. In states that have already legalized marijuana ,

2442-878: The United States and Canada found that drivers averaged less than 5 hours of sleep per day. The National Transportation Safety Board reported that drowsy driving was likely the cause of more than half of crashes leading to a truck driver's death. For each truck driver fatality, another three to four people are killed. In the fall of 2013 a new law was passed in the USA requiring the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration to propose guidelines related to screening for sleep apnea among commercial drivers. The US military estimates that approximately 9% of crashes resulting in death or serious injury during Operation Desert Storm and Operation Desert Shield were caused by sleep-deprived driving. Sleep deprivation

2508-517: The United States for extended use. Simultaneously, the drug's manufacturer assigned 1,250 pharmaceutical sales representatives to educate physicians about Lunesta, as part of a $ 60 million advertising push. A Sacramento Bee report on these connections also noted that 10 of NSF's 23-member Board of Directors had current or past financial ties to manufacturers of sleeping medications. These reports led to criticism from Public Citizen's Wolfe, who theorized that "Although they're not saying you should be on

2574-574: The achievements of individuals who have contributed to advancing the sleep field. The following individuals received an award from the National Sleep Foundation: As part of addressing one of NSF's goals – that sleep science is rapidly incorporated into products and services – NSF launched the SleepTech program to advance innovations in sleep technology. Each year the National Sleep Foundation recognizes innovative sleep products by giving out

2640-643: The age of 21 years is just an arbitrary line for adolescence , because brain development does not fully reach adult levels of functioning until the early 30s. In a 2017 policy update, AAP changed its policy to discourage age limits of pediatric providers and instead have families reach an agreement with their pediatric provider as to when to transition care. In 2009, the national office and four of its State chapters provided training support to 49 pediatric practices to improve adherence to well-established asthma care guidelines. The percentage of patients at participating practices with well-controlled asthma (as defined by

2706-424: The amount of hippocampal activity during sleep correlated highly with a subsequent improvement in performance. Signs that tell a driver of a need to stop and rest: Numerous studies have found that sleep deprivation can affect driving as much as (and sometimes more than) alcohol. British researchers have found that driving after 17 to 18 hours of being awake is as harmful as driving with a blood alcohol level of .05%,

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2772-568: The beginning of daylight-saving time in the spring. During this week, NSF releases the results from its annual Sleep in America Poll or from the Sleep Health Index. NSF provides valuable information about the benefits of optimal sleep and how sleep affects health, well-being, and safety. The week-long campaign provides the public and the media with shareable messages including an infographic, sleep health messaging, and social media posts. NSF conducts an annual Drowsy Driving Prevention Week during

2838-461: The crash, and is thought by experts to greatly underestimate the true contribution of sleep-deprived driving to collisions. Between October 2010 and December 2013, researchers at the AAA Foundation conducted a study in which they continuously monitored 3513 drivers from six locations across the United States, using in-vehicle cameras and other equipment to objectively assess driver sleepiness using

2904-677: The dangers and harms of shaking infants, continues to embrace the 'shaken baby syndrome' diagnosis as a valid subset of the AHT diagnosis, and encourages pediatric practitioners to educate community stakeholders when necessary." In 2008, the AAP and the American Heart Association recommended statins for children as young as eight years with high lipid concentrations and for children as young as two years with major cardiovascular risk factors, if weight management , dietary changes, and additional physical exercise were not sufficient to reduce

2970-418: The day. The reason that collisions involving drowsy driving are more or less likely to happen at different times of the day may have to do with circadian rhythms (the biological time clock). The biological master clock in the hypothalamus is the suprachiasmatic nucleus or SCN. It provides the main control of the circadian rhythms for sleep, body temperature and other functions. The reason night time driving

3036-402: The education, training, and tools needed to protect children from tobacco and secondhand smoke. The Academy has published hundreds of policy statements, ranging from advocacy issues to practice recommendations. The academy's policy website contains all current Academy policies and clinical reports. The AAP policy regarding its statements is to give each statement a five-year life, after which

3102-472: The health and safety of our patients and jeopardizing the patient-physician relationship". The AAP has changed positions on its age limit throughout the years. In 1988, the American Academy of Pediatrics published a statement on the age limit of pediatrics that identified the upper age limit of pediatrics as age 21. The policy had a note that exceptions could always be made when the doctor and family jointly agree to an older age. Recent studies have shown that

3168-459: The legal limit in many European countries. The MythBusters TV show dedicated a special episode "Tipsy vs. Tired" to exploring these findings and has confirmed that sleep deprivation can be more dangerous than driving with a BAC over the legal limit. A 2017 meta-analysis found that driving while sleepy was associated with being approximately two-and-a-half times as likely to have a motor vehicle collision, with significant heterogeneity between

3234-647: The maximum height or weight dictated by the car seat manufacturer. On June 29, 2020, AAP stated that it "strongly advocates that all policy considerations for the coming school year should start with a goal of having students physically present in school" as remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States made it more difficult for education professionals to notice learning deficits, physical and sexual abuse , depression and suicidal ideation . The AAP argued that masks are probably not practical for children younger than middle school unless they can wear

3300-420: The medical field and federal government prioritize research that is dedicated to improving the quality of evidence-based care for transgender youth. Brush, Book, Bed (BBB) is an American Academy of Pediatrics program aimed at improving children's health by creating a nighttime routine of brushing the child's teeth, reading together, and setting a bedtime . It was developed to help pediatricians communicate

3366-569: The more arduous tasks of cutting back on junk foods, promoting healthy diets, and putting physical education back into the schools." AAP recommends that tobacco control programs should change the image of tobacco by telling the truth about the substance. This includes prohibiting tobacco advertising and promotion that is accessible to children, as well as point of sale advertising, product placements in movies and other entertainment media, and promotion in print or internet-based media accessible to youth. Advertising and promotion has been shown to be

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3432-403: The organization receives approaches “from many different manufacturers” and “works to select products that are a good fit for our organization.” In 2016, My Pillow agreed to stop claiming an NSF endorsement and paid a fine. American Academy of Pediatrics The American Academy of Pediatrics ( AAP ) is the largest professional association of pediatricians in the United States. It

3498-489: The past year with 28% saying they had actually fallen asleep while driving. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration , drowsy driving is a factor in more than 100,000 crashes, resulting in 6,550 deaths and 80,000 injuries annually in the USA. When a person does not get an adequate amount of sleep, their ability to function is affected. As listed below, their coordination

3564-597: The public about sleep health in content that appears through online, print and broadcast media. NSF's official website is thensf.org which is the primary sleep health website for sleep education content. NSF operates three public education websites: thensf.org, drowsydriving.org (supporting NSF's annual Drowsy Driving Prevention Week campaign), and sleephealthjournal.org (supporting NSF's peer-reviewed research journal Sleep Health). NSF also licenses its educational content at times for distribution by other entities. NSF-branded sleep health content appears on sleepfoundation.org, which

3630-457: The risk estimates in individual studies. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has estimated that between the years 2011 and 2015, driver drowsiness was involved in approximately 1.4% of all car crashes reported to police in the United States, including 2.0% of crashes that resulted in injuries and 2.4% of crashes that resulted in a death. However, this estimate is based on police reports based on investigations conducted after

3696-443: The risk of heart disease. The organizations were criticized by bloggers and the editorial board of The New York Times , who expressed "fear that it will open the way for drug companies to bombard anxious parents with ads promoting these and other products and increase the number of parents insisting on prescriptions for their children. The ease of popping pills should not distract parents, health professionals, or policy makers from

3762-412: The risks of the procedure" and that the health benefits "are sufficient to justify access to this procedure for families choosing it and to warrant third-party payment for circumcision of male newborns", but "are not great enough to recommend routine circumcision for all male newborns". The academy takes the position that parents should make the final decision about circumcision after appropriate information

3828-644: The size and scope of the American sleep problem in 1991. The 2002 Sleep in America poll (1,010 people surveyed) first suggested that as many as 47 million Americans were risking injury and health problems because they were not sleeping enough. Media coverage of 2002 Sleep in America poll suggested a sleep "crisis" and an "epidemic," and included headlines suacha as "Epidemic of daytime sleepiness linked to increased feelings of anger, stress and pessimism." Again, in NSF's 2005 Sleep in America poll, it reported that half of adults report frequent sleep problems and 77 percent reported

3894-453: The statement expires unless it is reaffirmed. The AAP is supportive of abortion rights and criticized the overturning of Roe v. Wade . In June 2022, they stated that adolescents "should have the right to receive legal and confidential medical and surgical abortion care and counseling" and that "[ Dobbs v. Jackson ] means that in many places in the United States, this evidence-based care will be difficult or impossible to access, threatening

3960-696: The states on whether such notification should be mandatory or permissive. An authority on professional confidentiality, Jacob Appel of New York University , has written that physician reporting is a double-edged sword, because it may deter some patients from seeking care. According to Appel, "Reporting may remove some dangerous drivers from the roads, but if in doing so it actually creates other dangerous drivers, by scaring them away from treatment, then society has sacrificed confidentiality for no tangible return in lives saved." Governments had attempted to reduce sleep-deprived driving through education messages and by ingraining roads with dents, known as rumble strips in

4026-601: The week leading up to the end of daylight-saving time in the fall. The campaign goal is to reduce the number of drivers who choose to drive while sleep deprived. Drowsy driving is responsible for more than 6,400 U.S. deaths annually. These fall-asleep crashes are often caused by voluntarily not getting the sleep one needs. Millions of Americans also experience excessive sleepiness as a result of sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea and narcolepsy. The campaign encompasses dissemination of educational messages via social media. Since 2001 NSF has been recognizing and celebrating

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4092-530: Was 2016 winner of the Association of American Publishers' PROSE Award for Best New Journal in Science, Technology and Medicine . The PROSE Awards annually recognize the very best in professional and scholarly publishing by bringing attention to distinguished books, journals, and electronic content. The 2021 Journal Citation Reports published a 2020 Impact Factor of 4.450 for Sleep Health . In 2014 NSF encouraged

4158-601: Was acquired by OneCare Media in 2019. OneCare is a marketing business based on digital content, with a portfolio of consumer-oriented websites, primarily focused on health topics, and derives revenues from commissions on products sold by its affiliate partners. The website continues to be titled "Sleep Foundation" and uses the .org domain. The National Sleep Foundation is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. In March 2017, NSF

4224-509: Was awarded Accreditation with Commendation by the ACCME. Accreditation with Commendation is ACCME's mechanism for celebrating organizations that excel. Many of NSF's physician education courses are found in the Sleep Learning Zone , an online learning platform. Sleep Awareness Week is NSF's annual public awareness event celebrating sleep health. It usually occurs during the week leading up to

4290-581: Was blamed as a major cause of the Selby rail crash in which 10 people died and 82 were injured. Six US states require physicians to report patients who drive while impaired, including those who may be chronically sleep-deprived. Another twenty-five US states permit physicians to violate doctor-patient confidentiality to report sleep-deprived drivers or those with sleeping disorders likely to impair driving, if they so choose. The American Medical Association endorsed physician reporting in 1999. Still, he deferred to

4356-628: Was similarly characterized in a report by The Seattle Times as industry " astroturfing " due to sponsorship from the makers of the sleeping medications Unisom , Sonata, and Ambien . A 2016 NSF public education program highlighting "personal stories about sleep for four individuals" received grant support from Merck. A report in the Huffington Post described this effort as part of a multi-pronged "unbranded" marketing effort for Belsomra (suvorexant), Merck's then-forthcoming new sleeping drug. Some merchants and products have claimed to be "endorsed by

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