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53-920: Indian government-sponsored public service program [REDACTED] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources:   "National Service Scheme"  –  news   · newspapers   · books   · scholar   · JSTOR ( February 2024 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) National Service Scheme (NSS) [REDACTED] Motto Not me but you Country India Launched 24 September 1969 ; 55 years ago  ( 1969-09-24 ) Website https://nss.gov.in [REDACTED] The National Service Scheme (NSS) Marching Contingent [REDACTED] The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind with

106-451: A centrally sponsored sector scheme. In 2021 Smriti Irani blamed Mamata Banerjee for taking credit of schemes of the central government. BJP blamed Jharkhand Mukti Morcha for not implementing schemes properly. Welfare schemes are used as electoral campaigns, beneficiaries as voters. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has used its implementation of schemes as a vote bank in the 2017 and 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections , and

159-456: A goal to create a typology or taxonomy of polities , as typologies of political systems are not obvious. It is especially important in the political science fields of comparative politics and international relations . Like all categories discerned within forms of government, the boundaries of government classifications are either fluid or ill-defined. Superficially, all governments have an official de jure or ideal form. The United States

212-425: A governing body, such as a legislature or jury . Some governments combine both direct and indirect democratic governance, wherein the citizenry selects representatives to administer day-to-day governance, while also reserving the right to govern directly through popular initiatives , referendums (plebiscites), and the right of recall . In a constitutional democracy the powers of the majority are exercised within

265-463: A narrower scope, such as the government of Portugal , which is actually more similar to the concept of "administration" . The moment and place that the phenomenon of human government developed is lost in time; however, history does record the formations of early governments. About 5,000 years ago, the first small city-states appeared. By the third to second millenniums BC, some of these had developed into larger governed areas: Sumer , ancient Egypt ,

318-674: A quarter of the world's population under democratically backsliding governments. List of schemes of the government of India From 131 CSSs in February 2021, the union government aimed to restructure/revamp/rationalize these by the next year. In 2022 CSS's numbered 65 with a combined funding of ₹ 442,781 crore (equivalent to ₹ 5.0 trillion or US$ 60 billion in 2023). In 2022, there were 157 CSs and CSSs with individual funding of over ₹ 500 crore (equivalent to ₹ 561 crore or US$ 67 million in 2023) each. Central sector scheme actual spending in 2017-18

371-529: A severe challenge. The Supreme Court has advised the government to keep finances in mind when coming out with schemes. An example given was the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 , a shortage of both schools and teachers. Since their inception, flagship welfare schemes of the Modi government such as Namami Gange and Ayushman Bharat have been sanctioned more than what has been spent. A key issue

424-407: A standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three. Scholars generally refer to a dictatorship as either a form of authoritarianism or totalitarianism. An autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for

477-477: A striking parallel with star formation, new structures suddenly appeared, together with a new level of complexity. Like stars, cities and states reorganize and energize the smaller objects within their gravitational field. Another explanation includes the need to properly manage infrastructure projects such as water infrastructure. Historically, this required centralized administration and complex social organisation, as seen in regions like Mesopotamia. However, there

530-428: A variety of hybrid regimes . Modern classification systems also include monarchies as a standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three. Historically prevalent forms of government include monarchy, aristocracy , timocracy , oligarchy , democracy , theocracy , and tyranny . These forms are not always mutually exclusive, and mixed governments are common. The main aspect of any philosophy of government

583-485: Is a federal constitutional republic, while the former Soviet Union was a federal socialist republic . However self-identification is not objective, and as Kopstein and Lichbach argue, defining regimes can be tricky, especially de facto , when both its government and its economy deviate in practice. For example, Voltaire argued that "the Holy Roman Empire is neither Holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire". In practice,

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636-429: Is a form of government that places power in the hands of a small, elite ruling class , such as a hereditary nobility or privileged caste . This class exercises minority rule , often as a landed timocracy , wealthy plutocracy , or oligarchy . Many monarchies were aristocracies, although in modern constitutional monarchies, the monarch may have little effective power. The term aristocracy could also refer to

689-448: Is a political concept in which a group of members are bound together by covenant with a governing representative head . The term "federalism" is also used to describe a system of government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units, variously called states, provinces or otherwise. Federalism is a system based upon democratic principles and institutions in which

742-583: Is archaeological evidence that shows similar successes with more egalitarian and decentralized complex societies. Starting at the end of the 17th century, the prevalence of republican forms of government grew. The English Civil War and Glorious Revolution in England, the American Revolution , and the French Revolution contributed to the growth of representative forms of government. The Soviet Union

795-471: Is called an aristocracy. In other kinds of Commonwealth there can be none: for either one, or more, or all, must have the sovereign power (which I have shown to be indivisible) entire. According to Yale professor Juan José Linz , there a three main types of political systems today: democracies , totalitarian regimes and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes with hybrid regimes . Another modern classification system includes monarchies as

848-426: Is how political power is obtained, with the two main forms being electoral contest and hereditary succession . A government is the system to govern a state or community. The Columbia Encyclopedia defines government as "a system of social control under which the right to make laws, and the right to enforce them, is vested in a particular group in society". While all types of organizations have governance ,

901-413: Is identifying who to transfer scheme benefits to and how. In 2017 Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) called Beti Bachao Beti Padhao a failure as per its own objectives. The government runs various initiatives to increase awareness of government schemes. Awareness of schemes affects the implementation of the schemes as well as who beneficiaries vote for and who they hold responsible for

954-608: Is no output to show for. Surveys trying to ascertain whether someone has benefitted from a scheme or not can result in someone denying being benefitted with the hope of receiving the benefit again. This kind of respondent bias in its various form is being addressed by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation . The Comptroller and Auditor General of India also assesses the implementation of these schemes. A number of schemes of successive governments are effective, while others are not effective. Despite various schemes and programmes targeted towards hunger, nutrition remains

1007-412: Is on Wikidata Government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state . In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature , executive , and judiciary . Government is a means by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining policy. In many countries,

1060-581: Is to be reconceptualised where in times of climatic change the needs and desires of the individual are reshaped to generate sufficiency for all. The quality of a government can be measured by Government effectiveness index , which relates to political efficacy and state capacity . List of forms of government Plato in his book The Republic (375 BC) divided governments into five basic types (four being existing forms and one being Plato's ideal form, which exists "only in speech"): These five regimes progressively degenerate starting with aristocracy at

1113-421: Is typically the case with majority governments, but even a minority government may consist of just one party unable to find a willing coalition partner at the moment. A state that continuously maintains a single-party government within a (nominally) multiparty system possesses a dominant-party system . In a (nondemocratic) one-party system a single ruling party has the (more-or-less) exclusive right to form

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1166-468: The 2019 Indian general election . Rationalisation is a means to improve governance of schemes. In 2002 there were about 360 CSSs. In 2022 there were 704 CSs. In 2016 a committee came out with the recommendation of rationalising, revamping and restructuring 66 CSSs, grouping them into umbrella schemes, core schemes and optional schemes on the basis of which identification would be easier and funding patterns would differ, among other recommendations. In

1219-493: The 2021 Union budget of India . The subsidy for kerosene, started in the 1950s, was slowly decreased since 2009 and eliminated in 2022. Implementation of government schemes varies between schemes, and locations, and depends on factors such as evaluation process, awareness, accessibility, acceptability, and capability for last-mile implementation. Government bodies undertaking evaluations and audits include NITI Aayog , Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation , and

1272-642: The Comptroller and Auditor General of India . A pension program that allows people to make voluntary contributions within a certain range with a matching government contribution to receive pension in the future. By September 2021, non-metros subscribers numbered 3,77,00,000. Under this scheme, an online job-portal named as National Career Service portal has been launched which acts as a common platform for job-seekers, employers, skill providers, government departments, placement organisations and counsellors. (Swadhar, Self-reliance Home Scheme) Under this scheme,

1325-662: The Indus Valley civilization , and the Yellow River civilization . One reason that explains the emergence of governments includes agriculture. Since the Neolithic Revolution , agriculture has been an efficient method to create food surplus. This enabled people to specialize in non-agricultural activities. Some of them included being able to rule over others as an external authority. Others included social experimentation with diverse governance models. Both these activities formed

1378-766: The Soviet Union was a centralized autocratic one-party state under Joseph Stalin . Identifying a form of government is also difficult because many political systems originate as socio-economic movements and are then carried into governments by parties naming themselves after those movements; all with competing political ideologies. Experience with those movements in power, and the strong ties they may have to particular forms of government, can cause them to be considered as forms of government in themselves. Other complications include general non-consensus or deliberate " distortion or bias " of reasonable technical definitions of political ideologies and associated forms of governing, due to

1431-823: The Tata Institute of Social Sciences(TISS) , 1971. National Service Scheme: guide-lines to project-masters , by Andhra University, Dept. of Sociology & Social Work. Published by Dept. of Sociology & Social Work, Andhra University , 1971. National Service Scheme in Gujarat: An Evaluation Report for the Year 1986–87 , by Tata Institute of Social Sciences Training Orientation & Research Centre (NSS), India, India. Dept. of Youth Affairs and Sports. Published by The Centre, 1987. National Service Scheme in Maharashtra: An Evaluation Report for

1484-594: The United States has been chiefly associated with right-wing politics and the Republican Party . However, during the era of segregation many Southern Democrats were conservatives, and they played a key role in the conservative coalition that controlled Congress from 1937 to 1963. Opinions vary by individuals concerning the types and properties of governments that exist. "Shades of gray" are commonplace in any government and its corresponding classification. Even

1537-5310: The Year 1986–87 , by Tata Institute of Social Sciences Training Orientation & Research Centre (NSS), India, India Dept. of Youth Affairs and Sports. Published by The Centre, 1988. National Service Scheme in India: A Case Study of Karnataka , by M. B. Dilshad. Published by Trust Publications, 2001. External links [ edit ] [REDACTED] Wikimedia Commons has media related to National Service Scheme . National Service Scheme website NSS Unit 8 Instagram Handle v t e Government schemes in India List of schemes Welfare schemes for women Poverty alleviation programmes Subsidies Social security Food security Active Schemes Antyodaya Anna Atal Pension Ayushman Bharat Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Direct Benefit Transfer DigiLocker Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan Heritage City Development and Augmentation Integrated Child Development Services Income declaration JAM Yojana Khelo India Pravasi Suraksha Midday Meal Scheme Local Area Development National Infrastructure Pipeline National Pension System National Social Assistance Scheme National Service Scheme Post Office Passport Farmer Income Protection Scheme (PM AASHA) Adarsh Gram Gramin Awaas Awas Digital Health Mission Gram Sadak Jan Dhan Krishi Sinchai Matsya Sampada Matritva Vandana Shram Yogi Mandhan Ujjwala Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Garib Kalyan Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana Jeevan Jyoti Bima Kisan Samman Nidhi Suraksha Bima Sansad Adarsh Gram Saubhagya Soil Health Card UDAN Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Unnat Jeevan Missions Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation Indradhanush Education Climate Resilient Agriculture Manuscripts Health Anganwadi Auxiliary nurse midwife Accredited Social Health Activist Solar Translation Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan Remunerative Approach for Agriculture and Allied sector Rejuvenation Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Smart Cities Mission TB-Mission 2020 Projects Agriculture MMP Bharatmala Indian Rivers Inter-link Operation Flood Sagar Mala project Setu Bharatam Urja Ganga Gas Pipeline Project Campaigns Accessible India Campaign Digital India Make in India Skill India Standup India Startup India Swachh Bharat Mission Identity Aadhaar Business identification Passport Permanent account Ration card Unorganised Workers Voters State AP Annadatha Sukhibhava TG Mission Bhagiratha T App Folio GJ Jyotigram Vibrant Gujarat MP Global Investors Summit Ladli Laxmi MH Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Jan Arogya Magnetic Maharashtra OR Ahar Biju Krushak Kalyan Madhu Babu Pension RJ Bhamashah UP Global Investors Summit TN Global Investors Meet Closed/subsumed Schemes Bharat Nirman National Urban Renewal Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Rural Livelihood Finance Development Fund Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Tuberculosis Control Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Voluntary Disclosure of Income Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Service_Scheme&oldid=1215514577 " Categories : Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports Youth organisations based in India Education in India Government schemes in India 1969 establishments in India Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles needing additional references from February 2024 All articles needing additional references All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024 Commons category link

1590-429: The activities of associated government officials and candidates for office. In a multiparty system of government, multiple political parties have the capacity to gain control of government offices, typically by competing in elections , although the effective number of parties may be limited. A majority government is a government by one or more governing parties together holding an absolute majority of seats in

1643-402: The basis of governments. These governments gradually became more complex as agriculture supported larger and denser populations, creating new interactions and social pressures that the government needed to control. David Christian explains As farming populations gathered in larger and denser communities, interactions between different groups increased and the social pressure rose until, in

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1696-545: The center and states for the schemes. In 2014 Congress blamed the Modi government for taking credit for schemes undertaken by previous governments. In 2017 Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) blamed Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) for taking credit. The Himachal Pradesh government blamed NITI Aayog for a cut in funding to centrally sponsored schemes. In 2019 Mamata Banerjee blamed Modi for taking credit for Ayushman Bharat. In 2020 Modi blamed Aam Aadmi Party for not implementing

1749-570: The framework of representative democracy, but the constitution limits majority rule , usually through the provision by all of certain universal rights , such as freedom of speech or freedom of association . A republic is a form of government in which the country is considered a "public matter" ( Latin : res publica ), not the private concern or property of the rulers, and where offices of states are subsequently directly or indirectly elected or appointed rather than inherited. The people, or some significant portion of them, have supreme control over

1802-811: The functions and number of branches. An independent, parallel distribution of powers between branches of government is the separation of powers . A shared, intersecting, or overlapping distribution of powers is the fusion of powers . Governments are often organised into three branches with separate powers: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary; this is sometimes called the trias politica model. However, in parliamentary and semi-presidential systems , branches of government often intersect, having shared membership and overlapping functions. Many governments have fewer or additional branches, such as an independent electoral commission or auditory branch. Presently, most governments are administered by members of an explicitly constituted political party which coordinates

1855-628: The government and where offices of state are elected or chosen by elected people. A common simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of state is not a monarch. Montesquieu included both democracies , where all the people have a share in rule, and aristocracies or oligarchies , where only some of the people rule, as republican forms of government. Other terms used to describe different republics include democratic republic , parliamentary republic , semi-presidential republic , presidential republic , federal republic , people's republic , and Islamic republic . Federalism

1908-471: The government has a kind of constitution , a statement of its governing principles and philosophy. While all types of organizations have governance , the term government is often used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 independent national governments and subsidiary organizations . The main types of modern political systems recognized are democracies , totalitarian regimes , and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes with

1961-401: The government, and the formation of other parties may be obstructed or illegal. In some cases, a government may have a non-partisan system , as is the case with absolute monarchy or non-partisan democracy . Democracy is the most popular form of government. More than half of the nations in the world are democracies—97 of 167, as of 2021. However, the world is becoming more authoritarian with

2014-550: The implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection ). Absolute monarchy is a historically prevalent form of autocracy, wherein a monarch governs as a singular sovereign with no limitation on royal prerogative . Most absolute monarchies are hereditary , however some, notably the Holy See , are elected by an electoral college (such as the college of cardinals , or prince-electors ). Other forms of autocracy include tyranny , despotism , and dictatorship . Aristocracy

2067-479: The literature of classical antiquity , including Plato 's Ship of State . In British English , "government" sometimes refers to what's also known as a " ministry " or an " administration ", i.e., the policies and government officials of a particular executive or governing coalition . Finally, government is also sometimes used in English as a synonym for rule or governance. In other languages, cognates may have

2120-524: The most liberal democracies limit rival political activity to one extent or another while the most tyrannical dictatorships must organize a broad base of support thereby creating difficulties for " pigeonholing " governments into narrow categories. Examples include the claims of the United States as being a plutocracy rather than a democracy since some American voters believe elections are being manipulated by wealthy Super PACs . Some consider that government

2173-458: The nature of politics in the modern era. For example: The meaning of "conservatism" in the United States has little in common with the way the word's definition is used elsewhere. As Ribuffo notes, "what Americans now call conservatism much of the world calls liberalism or neoliberalism "; a "conservative" in Finland would be labeled a " socialist " in the United States. Since the 1950s conservatism in

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2226-550: The non- peasant , non-servant, and non- city classes in the feudal system . Democracy is a system of government where citizens exercise power by voting and deliberation . In a direct democracy , the citizenry as a whole directly forms a participatory governing body and vote directly on each issue. In indirect democracy , the citizenry governs indirectly through the selection of representatives or delegates from among themselves, typically by election or, less commonly, by sortition . These select citizens then meet to form

2279-405: The parliament, in contrast to a minority government in which they have only a plurality of seats and often depend on a confidence-and-supply arrangement with other parties. A coalition government is one in which multiple parties cooperate to form a government as part of a coalition agreement . In a single-party government, a single party forms a government without the support of a coalition, as

2332-458: The people as a whole (a democracy, such as a republic). Thomas Hobbes stated on their classification: The difference of Commonwealths consisteth in the difference of the sovereign , or the person representative of all and every one of the multitude. And because the sovereignty is either in one man, or in an assembly of more than one; and into that assembly either every man hath right to enter, or not everyone, but certain men distinguished from

2385-432: The power to govern is shared between national and provincial/state governments, creating what is often called a federation . Proponents are often called federalists . Governments are typically organised into distinct institutions constituting branches of government each with particular powers , functions, duties, and responsibilities. The distribution of powers between these institutions differs between governments, as do

2438-1006: The recipients of the university-level national service scheme awards The National Service Scheme ( NSS ) is an Indian government sector public service program conducted by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports of the Government of India . Popularly known as NSS, the scheme was launched in Mahatma Gandhi 's centenary year in 1969. See also [ edit ] National Cadet Corps (India) (NCC) Rashtriya Indian Military College (RIMC) References [ edit ] ^ "Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports" . Further reading [ edit ] National Service Scheme: A Report , by Khwajala Ghulama Saiyidain. Published by Ministry of Education, Govt. of India , 1961. Training and consultancy needs in national service scheme , by N. F. Kaikobad, Krishan K. Kapil. Published by

2491-455: The rest; it is manifest there can be but three kinds of Commonwealth. For the representative must need to be one man or more; and if more, then it is the assembly of all, or but of a part. When the representative is one man, then is the Commonwealth a monarchy; when an assembly of all that will come together, then it is a democracy or popular Commonwealth; when an assembly of a part only, then it

2544-407: The success or failure of a scheme - the state or center. In 2021-2022 the Government of Goa launched a scheme Swayampurna Goa which involves a government official making eligible beneficiaries aware of the schemes and how to avail them. Nearly 80% of Beti Bachao Beti Padhao funds during 2016-2019 was spent on media advocacy. There is no official or legalised credit-sharing mechanism between

2597-637: The target group is all children below 14 years of age who are working in occupations and processes listed in the Schedule to the Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986. The Development Monitoring and Evaluation Office (DMEO) under the NITI Aayog is responsible for evaluations. Evaluation problems exist. Ministries such as the transport ministry can show immediate physical outcomes of its schemes whereas in health related schemes, in certain cases, there

2650-401: The top and tyranny at the bottom. In his Politics , Aristotle elaborates on Plato's five regimes discussing them in relation to the government of one, of the few, and of the many. From this follows the classification of forms of government according to which people have the authority to rule: either one person (an autocracy , such as monarchy), a select group of people (an aristocracy), or

2703-471: The word government is often used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 independent national governments on Earth, as well as their subsidiary organizations, such as state and provincial governments as well as local governments . The word government derives from the Greek verb κυβερνάω [ kubernáo ] meaning to steer with a gubernaculum (rudder), the metaphorical sense being attested in

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2756-552: Was ₹ 587,785 crore (equivalent to ₹ 6.6 trillion or US$ 79 billion in 2023), in 2019-20 it was ₹ 757,091 crore (equivalent to ₹ 8.5 trillion or US$ 100 billion in 2023) while the budgeted amount for 2021-22 is ₹ 1,051,703 crore (equivalent to ₹ 12 trillion or US$ 140 billion in 2023). Schemes can also be categorised as flagship schemes. 10 flagship schemes were allocated ₹ 1.5 lakh crore (equivalent to ₹ 1.7 trillion or US$ 20 billion in 2023) in

2809-496: Was the first large country to have a Communist government. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall , liberal democracy has become an even more prevalent form of government. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there was a significant increase in the size and scale of government at the national level. This included the regulation of corporations and the development of the welfare state . In political science, it has long been

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