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19-640: MIP is an abbreviation for male iron pipe, and FIP is an abbreviation for female iron pipe. Outside North America, some US pipe thread sizes are widely used, as well as many British Standard Pipe threads and ISO 7–1, 7–2, 228–1, and 228-2 threads. The various types are each named with an abbreviation and a full name, as follows: Threaded pipes can provide an effective seal for pipes transporting liquids , gases , steam , and hydraulic fluid. These threads are now used in materials other than steel and brass, including PTFE , PVC , nylon , bronze , and cast iron . The taper on NPT threads allows them to form

38-633: A lubricant like lubricating paste or thread seal tape. The use of tape also helps to limit corrosion on the threads, which otherwise can make future disassembly nearly impossible. Commonly used sizes are 1 ⁄ 8 , 1 ⁄ 4 , 3 ⁄ 8 , 1 ⁄ 2 , 3 ⁄ 4 , 1, 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 , 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 2, 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 3, 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 4, 5, and 6 inch, as pipe and fittings by most US suppliers. Sizes smaller than 1 ⁄ 8  inch are occasionally used for compressed air, while sizes larger than 6 inches are often joined by other methods. NPT

57-555: A five-term president of the Franklin Institute, who was instrumental in harnessing Niagara Falls for electricity. Sellers was married in 1849 to Mary Ferris (1820–1870), with whom he had three children, Katherine (1852–1917), William (1856–1933), and Frances (1858–1859). He married again in 1873 to Amélie Haaszm (1842–1929), with whom he had another three children, Alexander (1875–1957), Richard (1881–1942), and Christine (1882–-1884). He died in his hometown on January 24, 1905, at

76-630: A partnership with his brother-in-law Edward Bancroft (1811–1855) in 1848. After Bancroft's death in 1855, Sellers incorporated as William Sellers & Co., which continued to operate until 1947 when it was sold to the Consolidated Machine Tool Corporation and relocated to Rochester, New York . In 1847 Sellers was elected a member of the Franklin Institute, where he served as a member of the Board of Managers from 1857 to 1861 and again from 1864 to 1892, and as president from 1864 to 1867. At

95-436: A seal when torqued as the flanks of the threads compress against each other, as opposed to parallel/straight thread fittings or compression fittings in which the threads merely hold the pieces together and do not provide a seal. The various types of pipe threads are designed for use both with or without thread sealants, as particular applications demand. The sealants, where used, are typically thread seal tape thread sealant or

114-408: A thread seal paste pipe dope (sometimes similar in composition to plumber's putty ). Because the thread body is tapered (0.75 in/ft or 62.5 mm/m), a larger diameter keeps compressing into a smaller diameter and finally forms a seal (no clearance remains between the crests and roots of the threads because of the taper). This means that NPT fittings should be burr -free and lubricated using

133-523: Is a set of technical standards for screw threads that has been adopted internationally for interconnecting and sealing pipes and fittings by mating an external ( male ) thread with an internal (female) thread. It has been adopted as standard in plumbing and pipe fitting , except in North America, where NPT and related threads are used. Two types of threads are distinguished: These can be combined into two types of joints: The thread form follows

152-492: Is defined by ANSI / ASME standard B1.20.1. The taper rate for all NPT threads is 1 inch of diameter in 16 inches of length ( 3 ⁄ 4 inch per foot or 62.5 millimeters per meter) measured by the change of diameter (of the pipe thread) over distance of thread. The half-angle (between the taper surface and the axis of the pipe) is arctan ( 1 ⁄ 32 ) ≈ 1.7899° ≈ 1° 47′. The standard for Nominal Pipe Size (often abbreviated NPS, which should not be confused with

171-570: The British Standard Whitworth standard: At least 41 thread sizes have been defined, ranging from ⁄ 16 to 18, although of these only 15 are included in ISO 7 and 24 in ISO 228. The size number was originally based on the inner diameter (measured in inches) of a steel tube for which the thread was intended, but contemporary pipes tend to use thinner walls to save material, and thus have an inner diameter larger than this nominal size. In

190-598: The United States standard screw thread , the standard bolt and machine screw thread still used today. As president of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , Sellers proposed the adoption of a system of screw threads which was easier for ordinary mechanics and machinists to cut than a similar design by Joseph Whitworth . For many years, he led the machine tool firm of William Sellers & Co. , which

209-455: The NPT has a crest width of 0.038 to 0.062 pitch, which is sharper than the 0.125 pitch of Sellers. National Pipe Taper Fuel ( NPTF , also called Dryseal American National Standard Taper Pipe Thread , defined by ASME B1.20.3) is designed to provide a more leak-free seal without the use of PTFE tape (often referred to by the popular brand name "Teflon") or another sealant compound. NPTF threads have

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228-487: The abbreviation NPS for the straight thread form standard) is loosely related to the inside diameter of Schedule 40 series of sizes. Because of the pipe wall thickness of Schedule pipe, the actual diameter of the NPT threads is larger than the Nominal Pipe Size diameter, and considerably so for small sizes. Pipe of a given size in a different Schedule than Schedule 40 provides a different wall thickness while maintaining

247-489: The age of 81. After receiving a private education in a family-run school, he began apprenticing at age fourteen with his uncle, J. Morton Poole, in a machine shop near Wilmington, Delaware . After seven years, he moved to Providence, Rhode Island , to run the shops of what eventually became the Corliss Steam Engine Company. Returning to West Philadelphia to start his own machine company, he eventually formed

266-428: The following sequence of blocks: Threads are normally right-hand. For left-hand threads, the letters, LH , are appended. Example: Pipe thread EN 10226 Rp 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 The terminology for the use of G and R originated from Germany ( G for gas , as it was originally designed for use on gas pipes; R for rohr , meaning pipe .) The standard ISO 7 - Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are made on

285-478: The modern standard metric version, it is simply a size number, where listed diameter size is the major outer diameter of the external thread. For a taper thread, it is the diameter at the "gauge length" (plus/minus one thread pitch) from the small end of the thread. The taper is 1:16, meaning that for each 16 units of measurement increase in the distance from the end, the diameter increases by 1 unit of measurement. These standard pipe threads are formally referred to by

304-454: The same basic shape but with crest and root heights adjusted for an interference fit, eliminating the spiral leakage path. In 1864, William Sellers , then president of Franklin Institute , presented a standard for nuts, bolts, and screws. Out of this effort came the first United States Standard threads , including pipe threads. British Standard Pipe British Standard Pipe ( BSP )

323-470: The same outside diameter and thread profile as Schedule 40. Thus the inside diameter of a given size of Schedule pipe differs from the Nominal Pipe Size, while outside diameters for a given nominal Schedule size are the same between Schedules. National Pipe Thread series have the same 60° included angle as Sellers thread . On the other hand, for sealing capability, tapered (pressure-tight) threads have crest and root shapes that differ from Sellers. For example,

342-406: The threads consists of the following parts: The standard ISO 228 - Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the threads consists of the following parts: William Sellers William Sellers (September 19, 1824 – January 24, 1905) was a mechanical engineer, manufacturer, businessman, noted abolitionist, and inventor who filed more than 90 patents, most notably the design for

361-567: Was a very influential machine tool builder during the latter half of the 19th century. Sellers was born in Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania , to John and Elizabeth (Poole) Sellers, into a Quaker family full of industrial and manufacturing innovators. His cousins include George Escol Sellers (1808–1899), an inventor holding patents for a hill-climbing locomotive, a pulp-paper process, converting steamboats to coal, and removing brine from salt water, and Coleman Sellers II (1827–1907),

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