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31-630: As part of its responsibilities in delivering the Natural Environment White Paper, Biodiversity 2020 and the European Landscape Convention , Natural England is revising its National Character Area profiles to make environmental evidence and information easily available to a wider audience. Revised profiles for all 159 NCAs were published in September 2014. The new NCAs are being published in a rolling program and can be found on

62-459: A Site of Special Scientific Interest and Special Area of Conservation . The Southern Pennines National Character Area defined by Natural England includes the West Pennine Moors and is a landscape of broad moorland, flat-topped hills and fields enclosed by dry stone walls. Settlements built from local gritstone occupy river valleys with wooded sides. Peat soils and blanket bog on

93-463: A definition of ' landscape '. For the purposes of the convention it is an area whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors. It also defines 'landscape protection' as actions to conserve and maintain the significant or characteristic features of a landscape and 'Landscape management' as an action ensuring the regular upkeep of a landscape, so as to guide and harmonise changes within. Finally "landscape planning"

124-475: Is a summary of the full text, which is available from the Council of Europe ) The convention consists of the preamble and eighteen articles divided into four chapters. The preamble to the convention states, inter alia, that the landscape: Moreover, it states that the convention is a response to the public’s wish to enjoy high quality landscapes and to play an active part in their development. Article 1 provides

155-535: Is defined as a strong forward-looking action to enhance, restore or create landscapes. Article 2 denotes the territorial and functional scope of the treaty. It covers: It also states, with the exception of Art. 15 that convention applies to the entire territory of the Parties. Article 3 provides that the aims of the treaty are to promote landscape protection, management and planning, and to organise European co-operation on landscape issues. Article 5 and 6 state

186-612: The Rochdale Canal between Greater Manchester and Lancashire in the west and West Yorkshire to the east. The Huddersfield Narrow Canal and the Manchester to Huddersfield railway pass through the Standedge Tunnels and the A62 road crosses the moorland at Standedge . The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes through Bingley and Keighley en route to Skipton. Natural England describes

217-537: The 18th century, water powered mills were vital for industrial expansion of the textile industry, initially for spinning cotton, but subsequently for woollens and worsteds. Walking, mountain-biking and horseriding are common pastimes enjoyed in the area. Numerous walking trails have been established including, amongst many others, the Calderdale Way and the Bronte Way . The long-established Pennine Way passes through

248-512: The Convention to apply. This article has been used by e.g. by Denmark to exclude the treaty's application to Greenland. Article 16 gives any Party permission to denounce the convention, at any time, by a notification addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. The European Landscape Convention of the Council of Europe is an international-level legal text that addresses

279-688: The Convention: Andorra , Armenia , Azerbaijan , Belgium , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Croatia , Cyprus , Czech Republic , Denmark , Estonia , Finland , France , Georgia , Greece , Hungary , Iceland , Ireland , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Moldova , Montenegro , Netherlands , North Macedonia , Norway , Poland , Portugal , Romania , San Marino , Serbia , Slovak Republic , Slovenia , Spain , Sweden , Switzerland , Turkey , Ukraine , United Kingdom . A further state has signed but not ratified it: Malta . The Convention provides an important contribution to

310-724: The Council of Europe was adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on 19 July 2000 in Strasbourg and opened for signature of the Member States of the Organisation in Florence (Italy) on 20 October 2000. It aims to promote European landscape protection, management and planning and to organise European co-operation. The Convention came into force on 1 March 2004. As of 1 April 2020, 40 Council of Europe member states have ratified

341-470: The Council of Europe, also known as the Florence Convention , is the first international treaty to be exclusively devoted to all aspects of European landscape . It applies to the entire territory of the Parties and covers natural, rural , urban and peri-urban areas. It concerns landscapes that might be considered outstanding as well as everyday or degraded landscapes. The Convention is aimed at:

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372-7309: The Natural Character Areas by regions. Because some overlap regional boundaries, they may be shown in more than one region. 1. North Northumberland Coastal Plain 2. Northumberland Sandstone Hills 3. Cheviot Fringe 4. Cheviots 5. Border Moors & Forests 10. North Pennines 11. Tyne Gap & Hadrian's Wall 12. Mid Northumberland 13. South East Northumberland Coastal Plain 14. Tyne & Wear Lowlands 15. Durham Magnesian Limestone Plateau 16. Durham Coalfield Pennine Fringe 22. Pennine Dales Fringe 23. Tees Lowlands 25. North York Moors and Cleveland Hills 5. Border Moors & Forests 6. Solway Basin 7. West Cumbria Coastal Plain 8. Cumbria High Fells 9. Eden Valley 10. North Pennines 11. Tyne Gap & Hadrian's Wall 17. Orton Fells 18. Howgill Fells 19. South Cumbria Low Fells 20. Morecambe Bay Limestones 21. Yorkshire Dales 31. Morecambe Coast & Lune Estuary 32. Lancashire & Amounderness Plain 33. Bowland Fringe & Pendle Hill 34. Bowland Fells 35. Lancashire Valleys 36. Southern Pennines 51. Dark Peak 53. South West Peak 54. Manchester Pennine Fringe 55. Manchester Conurbation 56. Lancashire Coal Measures 57. Sefton Coast 58. Merseyside Conurbation 59. Wirral 60. Mersey Valley 61. Shropshire, Cheshire & Staffordshire Plain 62. Cheshire Sandstone Ridge 10. North Pennines 21. Yorkshire Dales 22. Pennine Dales Fringe 23. Tees Lowlands 24. Vale of Mowbray 25. North Yorkshire Moors & Cleveland Hills 26. Vale of Pickering 27. Yorkshire Wolds 28. Vale of York 29. Howardian Hills 30. Southern Magnesian Limestone 33. Bowland Fringe & Pendle Hill 34. Bowland Fells 35. Lancashire Valleys 36. Southern Pennines 37. Yorkshire Southern Pennine Fringe 38. Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire & Yorkshire Coalfield 39. Humberhead Levels 40. Holderness 41. Humber Estuary 42. Lincolnshire Coast & Marshes 43. Lincolnshire Wolds 44. Central Lincolnshire Vale 45. Northern Lincolnshire Edge with Coversands 50. Derbyshire Peak Fringe & Lower Derwent 51. Dark Peak 30. Southern Magnesian Limestone 37. Yorkshire Southern Pennine Fringe 38. Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire & Yorkshire Coalfield 39. Humberhead Levels 42. Lincolnshire Coast & Marshes 43. Lincolnshire Wolds 44. Central Lincolnshire Vale 45. Northern Lincolnshire Edge with Coversands 46. The Fens 47. South Lincolnshire Edge 48. Trent & Belvoir Vales 49. Sherwood 50. Derbyshire Peak Fringe & Lower Derwent 51. Dark Peak 52. White Peak 53. South West Peak 54. Manchester Pennine Fringe 64. Potteries & Churnet Valley 68. Needwood & South Derbyshire Claylands 69. Trent Valley Washlands 70. Melbourne Parklands 71. Leicestershire & South Derbyshire Coalfield 72. Mease / Sence Lowlands 73. Charnwood 74. Leicestershire & Nottinghamshire Wolds 75. Kesteven Uplands 88. Bedfordshire & Cambridgeshire Claylands 89. Northamptonshire Vales 91. Yardley-Whittlewood Ridge 92. Rockingham Forest 93. High Leicestershire 94. Leicestershire Vales 95. Northamptonshire Uplands 96. Dunsmore & Feldon 107. Cotswolds 52. White Peak 53. South West Peak 61. Shropshire & Staffordshire Plain 63. Oswestry Uplands 64. Potteries & Churnet Valley 65. Shropshire Hills 66. Mid Severn Sandstone Plateau 67. Cannock Chase & Cank Wood 68. Needwood & South Derbyshire Claylands 69. Trent Valley Washlands 70. Melbourne Parklands 72. Mease / Sence Lowlands 94. Leicestershire Vales 95. Northamptonshire Uplands 96. Dunsmore & Feldon 97. Arden 98. Clun & North West Herefordshire Hills 99. Black Mountains & Golden Valley 100. Herefordshire Lowlands 101. Herefordshire Plateau 102. Teme Valley 103. Malvern Hills 104. South Herefordshire & Over Severn 105. Forest of Dean & Lower Wye 106. Severn & Avon Vales 107. Cotswolds 46. The Fens 76. North West Norfolk 77. North Norfolk Coast 78. Central North Norfolk 79. North East Norfolk & Flegg 80. The Broads 81. Greater Thames Estuary 82. Suffolk Coast & Heaths 83. South Norfolk & High Suffolk Claylands 84. Mid Norfolk 85. The Brecks 86. South Suffolk & North Essex Clayland 87. East Anglian Chalk 88. Bedfordshire Claylands 89. Northamptonshire Vales 90. Bedfordshire Greensand Ridge 91. Yardley-Whittlewood Ridge 92. Rockingham Forest 110. Chilterns 111. Northern Thames Basin 115. Thames Valley 81. Greater Thames Estuary 88. Bedfordshire Claylands 90. Bedfordshire Greensand Ridge 91. Yardley-Whittlewood Ridge 95. Northamptonshire Uplands 107. Cotswolds 108. Upper Thames Clay Vales 109. Midvale Ridge 110. Chilterns 111. Northern Thames Basin 112. Inner London 113. North Kent Plain 114. Thames Basin Lowlands 115. Thames Valley 116. Berkshire and Marlborough Downs 119. North Downs 120. Wealden Greensand 121. Low Weald 122. High Weald 123. Romney Marshes 124. Pevensey Levels 125. South Downs 126. South Coast Plain 127. Isle of Wight 128. South Hampshire Lowlands 129. Thames Basin Heaths 130. Hampshire Downs 131. New Forest 132. Salisbury Plain & West Wiltshire Downs 134. Dorset Downs and Cranborne Chase 135. Dorset Heaths 100. Herefordshire Lowlands 103. Malvern Hills 104. South Herefordshire and Over Severn 105. Forest of Dean and Lower Wye 106. Severn and Avon Vales 107. Cotswolds 108. Upper Thames Clay Vales 109. Midvale Ridge 116. Berkshire and Marlborough Downs 117. Avon Vales 118. Bristol , Avon Valleys and Ridges 129. Thames Basin Heaths 130. Hampshire Downs 131. New Forest 132. Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs 133. Blackmoor Vale and Vale of Wardour 134. Dorset Downs and Cranborne Chase 135. Dorset Heaths 136. South Purbeck 137. Isle of Portland 138. Weymouth Lowlands 139. Marshwood and Powerstock Vales 140. Yeovil Scarplands 141. Mendip Hills 142. Somerset Levels and Moors 143. Mid Somerset Hills 144. Quantock Hills 145. Exmoor 146. Vale of Taunton and Quantock Fringes 147. Blackdowns 148. Devon Redlands 149. The Culm 150. Dartmoor 151. South Devon 152. Cornish Killas 153. Bodmin Moor 154. Hensbarrow 155. Carnmenellis 156. West Penwith 157. The Lizard 158. Isles of Scilly 159. Lundy European Landscape Convention The European Landscape Convention of

403-516: The Natural England website. NCAs are areas that share similar landscape characteristics, and which follow natural lines in the landscape rather than administrative boundaries, making them a good decision-making framework for the natural environment. National Character Area profiles are guidance documents which can help communities to inform their decision-making about the places that they live in and care for. The information they contain will support

434-641: The South Pennine moorlands as the Watershed Landscape where the area's high rainfall fills a multitude of reservoirs. The South Pennines and its fringe has a population of more than a million people. Woodland covers about 4% of the terrain mostly on steep valley sides. The South Pennines provide evidence of Mesolithic , the late Bronze Age and Iron Age findings. The Romans built roads and built forts in Ilkley and at Castleshaw . They also dug coal which

465-620: The South Pennines includes Rombalds Moor , Rishworth Moor, Haworth Moor, Turton Moor and Castleshaw Moor. The highest point of the M62 motorway , the highest motorway in England, is at 1,221 feet (372 m) on Windy Hill near Junction 22. The rivers Aire , Calder and Colne drain the area to the east and the Roch and Irwell to the west. The Calder Valley provides a low-level route for road, railway and

496-794: The South Pennines mostly cover the Pennine area between the Yorkshire Dales, Bowlands Fells and Peak District. It is separated from the Yorkshire Dales to the north by the Aire Gap , the Bowland Fells to the north west by the Ribble Valley and the Peak District to the south by the Tame Valley , Standedge and Holme Valley . The West Lancashire Coastal Plain and Greater Manchester conurbation are both to

527-507: The convention establishes the Landscape award of the Council of Europe. Its purpose is to promote and serve as an example the policies and measures of local and regional authorities or NGOs, which were adopted to protect, manage and/or plan their landscape, and have proven to be effective. Until now the award was given: Southern Pennines The South Pennines is a region of moorland and hill country in northern England lying towards

558-567: The current key drivers for ongoing change, and a broad analysis of each area's characteristics and ecosystem services . Statements of environmental opportunity (SEOs) are suggested, which draw on this integrated information. The SEOs offer guidance on the critical issues, which could help to achieve sustainable growth and a more secure environmental future. NCA profiles are working documents which draw on current evidence and knowledge. Natural England aim to refresh and update them periodically as new information becomes available. Natural England list

589-536: The end Carboniferous Coal Measures which in this region are all assigned to the Pennine Lower Coal Measures Formation . It comprises mudstones, siltstones and sandstones and of course coal seams. Coal Measures rocks occur along the eastern and western margins of the region, on either side of the ‘Pennine Anticline’, and across much of the West Pennines. Although precise definitions vary,

620-462: The following experts: Régis Ambroise, Michael Dower, Bengt Johansson, Yves Luginbuhl, Michel Prieur and Florencio Zoido-Naranjo. The draft Convention was consulted between ministerial representatives, international and non-governmental organisations during the CLRAE consultation conference held in Florence from 2 to 4 April 1998, after which the final draft was prepared. The European Landscape Convention of

651-467: The general and specific obligations of the Parties, such as: Articles 7 – 9 concern the international co-operation, assistance, exchange of the specialists and information, and encourage Parties to prepare and implement joint landscape programmes. Article 11 denotes the Landscape Award of the Council of Europe (see below). Article 15 allows Parties to specify the territory to which they want

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682-463: The implementation of the Council of Europe ’s objectives, namely to promote democracy , human rights and the rule of law and to seek common solutions to the main problems facing European society today. By developing a new territorial culture, the Council of Europe seeks to promote populations’ quality of life and well-being. The European Landscape Convention introduced a Europe-wide concept centring on

713-477: The moors store carbon while high rainfall fills many reservoirs supplying water to the adjacent conurbations. The area is important for recreation having open access areas, footpaths and historic packhorse routes. The area is almost wholly formed from multiple layers of sedimentary rock dating from the Carboniferous period. The oldest of these are the limestones and associated mudstones which outcrop in

744-533: The northernmost part of the region, though which are thought to underlie the entire area at depth. These are assigned to the Craven Group . Overlying these and occurring widely across the region are the mudstones and sandstones of the Millstone Grit Group . Many of the sandstones, particularly the coarser-grained ones are commonly referred to as gritstones or ‘grits’. The Millstone Grit is in turn overlain by

775-422: The planning of conservation initiatives at a landscape scale, inform the delivery of nature improvement areas and encourage broader partnership working through local nature partnerships . The profiles will also help to inform choices about how land is managed and can change. Each profile includes a description of the natural and cultural features that shape our landscapes, how the landscape has changed over time,

806-634: The protection and management of natural and cultural heritage, and regional and spatial planning. It is complementary to other international treaties, such as: The definition of 'landscape' in the European Landscape Convention is wider than that of 'cultural landscape' in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention; the former includes any kind of landscape while the latter denotes sites of outstanding universal value that have been identified as World Heritage Sites . Article 11 of

837-551: The protection, management and planning of all landscapes and raising awareness of the value of a living landscape. The work on the Convention was initiated by the Congress of Regional and Local Authorities of the Council of Europe (CLRAE) in 1994. Within the CLRAE, the draft convention was prepared by a Working Group chaired by different CLRAE members (Cristiana Storelli, Pierre Hitier and François Paour) and co-ordinated by Riccardo Priore, Council of Europe's official. The group included

868-498: The quality of landscape protection, management and planning and covering the entire territory, not just outstanding landscapes. Through its ground-breaking approach and its broader scope, it complements the Council of Europe ’s and UNESCO ’s heritage conventions. After the 6th Conference of Parties held in Strasbourg in 3–4 May 2011, the current president of conference is selected as Portugal and vice-chair as Turkey. (The following

899-684: The southern end of the Pennines . In the west it includes the Rossendale Valley and the West Pennine Moors . It is bounded by the Greater Manchester conurbation in the west and the Bowland Fells and Yorkshire Dales to the north. To the east it is fringed by the towns of West Yorkshire whilst to the south it is bounded by the Peak District . The rural South Pennine Moors constitutes both

930-731: The west while the West Yorkshire conurbation is to the east. Settlements within the South Pennines include Addingham , Ilkley and Otley in the north, as well as Bingley , Keighley , Haworth and Oxenhope . Halifax , Sowerby Bridge , Hebden Bridge and Todmorden are in the Calder Valley . These also include Marsden , Slaithwaite and Meltham in the south-east, Darwen , Haslingden and Rawtenstall in Lancashire , and Greenfield , Horwich , Ramsbottom , Oldham , Rochdale and Littleborough in Greater Manchester . Moorland in

961-469: Was further exploited especially during the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Steep-sided valleys with fast flowing streams provided power and water for the area's early mills and factories. Water-powered corn mills and fulling mills were used in medieval times and more fulling mills were built after the mid-16th century as the woollen industry grew. At the end of

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