The Nashville Americans were a minor league baseball team that played in the Class B Southern League from 1885 to 1886. They were located in Nashville, Tennessee , and played their home games at Sulphur Spring Park , later known as Sulphur Dell.
119-745: The team was formed on October 6, 1884, as Nashville's first professional baseball team. They played several exhibition games against major league teams that fall at the Nashville Fairgrounds as they sought admission to the Union Association , one of three major leagues at the time. Instead, they were selected as charter members of the Southern League for the next season. The 1885 Americans were managed at different times by local player Will Bryan, second baseman Nate Kellogg , and local businessman John R. Mayberry. They played well throughout
238-468: A riverboat dock, a river walk, and Riverwalk Stadium . The completion of a 112,000-square-foot (10,400 m ) space in 2007, the Convention Center, has encouraged growth and activity in the downtown area and attracted more high-end retail and restaurants. Three blocks east of the Convention Center, Old Alabama Town showcases more than 50 restored buildings from the 19th century. The Riverwalk
357-572: A 15-foot (4.6 m) fence. A grandstand was erected in the northeastern corner of the block near the intersection of Cherry Street (Fourth Avenue North) and Jackson Street. With the possibility of membership in Union Association looking dim, Bryan attended a meeting of Southern baseball men on November 25 in Montgomery to organize the Southern League for 1885. Though a tentative membership
476-449: A 57–31 (.648) record, 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 games behind Atlanta with a month left to play. However, league directors met on September 12 and voted to end the season one month early on September 17. Only Nashville and Memphis voted to continue the season long enough to play out the remaining scheduled games among active teams. The standings and games remaining made it a mathematical impossibility that any team other than Atlanta would win
595-477: A 6th-7th century Gaelic overkingdom; a subsequent misspelling in an advertisement led to the current spelling. The first lots were sold in 1914. The city's two largest shopping malls ( Eastdale Mall and The Shoppes at Eastchase ), as well as many big-box stores and residential developments, are on the east side. The area is also home of the Wynton M. Blount Cultural Park . This 240-acre (1.0 km ) park contains
714-399: A US$ 500 deposit to guarantee they would play the entire campaign. Membership was to include Atlanta, Augusta, Chattanooga, Macon, Memphis, and Nashville, with Charleston and Savannah later admitted in place of Birmingham and Columbus. Salaries were capped at $ 1,000 per player with strict penalties of a $ 1,000 fine for the first offence and expulsion from the league for the second. Locally,
833-710: A century later, when an English expedition from Carolina went down the Alabama River in 1697. The first permanent European settler in the Montgomery area was James McQueen , a Scots trader who settled there in 1716. He married a high-status woman in the Coushatta or Alabama tribe. Their mixed-race children were considered Muskogean, as both tribes had a matrilineal system of property and descent. The children were always considered born into their mother's clan , and gained their status from her people. In 1785, Abraham Mordecai,
952-461: A crucial series on the road against the first-place Atlanta Atlantas on August 13. The Nashvilles were five games out of first and had the potential to make up significant ground on the leaders. The first game was postponed by rain, but Atlanta won the August 14 contest, 6–3. A tragic event occurred in the sixth inning of that game when Atlanta's Lewis Henke collided with Marr as he ran to first base. Marr
1071-517: A disbanded club, but simultaneous interest in keeping the team intact for a month's worth of exhibition games. They also cast doubt towards the umpiring as to Atlanta losing only five games on their home grounds. Furthermore, they recalled President Grady predicting that "the Atlantas should win the pennant or he would break up the Southern League." In the final weeks of competition, Nashville gained second baseman Bill Geiss and left fielder John Murphy of
1190-452: A family of four. These are slightly higher than the state averages of $ 20.15 per hour for an individual and $ 41.11 for a family of four. US$ 7.25 per hour minimum wage in Alabama. Montgomery serves as a hub for healthcare in the central Alabama and Black Belt region. Hospitals located in the city include Baptist Medical Center South on South East Boulevard, Baptist Medical Center East next to
1309-520: A game where only three locals reached base, two via walks and one on an error. At the end of the first full month of play, Nashville stood in second place with a 14–11 (.560) record behind Atlanta. Beginning with the June 3 game at Memphis, telegraph operators began to report in detail the team's road games at the Masonic Theater. They utilized a blackboard bearing the image of a diamond with holes around
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#17328479612361428-559: A later date. Since returning home after the fateful events in Atlanta, the Nashvilles had been handicapped by injuries to Beard, Cullen, and Werrick, yet still won 11 of 13 games through September 1. Crowell had been released on August 20 to reduce the size of the roster. Nashville was encouraged in its chances at the pennant by an 11–3 win in the exhibition benefit game at Atlanta on September 2. With over six weeks of games left to be played,
1547-400: A loss to Chattanooga and an Atlanta win over Memphis. Earle was released to Memphis on June 11 in exchange for catcher Charlie Krehmeyer who made his Nashville debut on June 18. By July 3, despite several losses and more rain outs, the team remained in second place at 28–21 (.571). Pitcher Billy Taylor of the 1885 team joined on July 5 in a 13–3 defeat of Memphis. Much like the last campaign,
1666-497: A month into the season and after dropping the Americans name, they added a second set of shirts and pants made of old gold fabric. The only known photograph of the team shows players wearing light colored short-sleeved jerseys with no markings or insignia, being either the gold uniforms or the grays with the name removed. Light pants terminating below the knees were tucked into dark socks and paired with dark belts and caps. By late August,
1785-600: A more principled league in the next. Nashville was represented by local baseball magnates John Morrow, who was elected president, and William Cherry. The local team fielded in 1887 has come to be known as the Nashville Blues . Birmingham dropped out of the Southern League on September 5. They were followed in disbandment by Columbus on September 7. Records for these two disbanded clubs are given as they stood on their last days of competition. Augusta forfeited its franchise on July 7, and Chattanooga dropped out on July 10 to keep
1904-527: A near no-hitter against Birmingham on May 12, with Al McCauley recording the only hit against him in the 10–0 shutout . The stockholders of the club made several changes beginning on May 19 in response dissension among the team in the form of negligent play and possible thrown games . Manager Bryan was released before that afternoon's game. Kellogg was selected as manager and team captain on May 20. Beard and Deistel were named first and second assistant captains. McKean and Rhue were also released. The club, at
2023-522: A second day's game, but the teams returned to Nashville for two more games on April 8 and 9. Nashville won both, 12–3 and 4–3. Nearly 4,000 people were in attendance at Sulphur Spring Park as the National League 's Chicago White Stockings defeated the Americans, 4–2, on April 10. They then played two final warm-up games against an amateur club from Montgomery on April 13 and 14, winning 10–7 and 18–5. The Nashville Americans were scheduled to begin
2142-473: A second fence was erected around the entire park inside the existing fence to further prevent unpaid viewing of games over or through the fence. The first base side of the grandstand was covered with a roof. The facility, known as Sulphur Dell from 1908, was demolished in 1969 after serving as the home of the Nashville Vols from 1901 to 1963. Since 2015, the site has been the location of First Horizon Park ,
2261-578: A system that was nicknamed the Lightning Route . Residents followed the streetcar lines to settle in new housing in what were then "suburban" locations. As the Reconstruction era ended, mayor W. L. Moses asked the state legislature to gerrymander city boundaries. It complied and removed the districts where African Americans lived, restoring white supremacy to the city's demographics and electorate. This prevented African Americans from being elected in
2380-644: A war veteran from a Sephardic Jewish family of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania, established a trading post . The Coushatta and Alabama had gradually moved south and west in the tidal plain. After the French were defeated by the British in 1763 in the Seven Years' War and ceded control of their lands, these Native American peoples moved to parts of present-day Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, then areas of Spanish rule , which they thought more favorable than British-held areas. By
2499-584: A warmer climate. In their first two games, held at the not-yet-completed Sulphur Spring Park on March 30 and 31, the Americans lost to the Indianapolis Hoosiers of the minor Western League , 8–4 and 12–4. Nashville defeated the Cleveland Forest Cities of the same league, 15–7 and 3–2, on April 1 and 2. They then traveled to Chattanooga for a game against the Southern League's Chattanooga Lookouts on April 6, losing 6–5. Rain prevented playing
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#17328479612362618-476: Is Steven Reed , who was elected as the city's first African-American mayor in a runoff election which was held on October 8, 2019. The city is served by a nine-member city council, elected from nine single-member districts of equal size population. As the seat of Montgomery County , the city is the location of county courts and the county commission, elected separately. Montgomery is the capital of Alabama, and hosts numerous state government offices, including
2737-561: Is 46.6 °F (8.1 °C), and there are 3.4 days of sub 20 °F (−7 °C) lows; 10 °F (−12 °C) and below is extremely rare. The daily average in July is 81.8 °F (27.7 °C), with highs exceeding 90 °F (32.2 °C) on 86 days per year and 100 °F (37.8 °C) on 3.9. Summer afternoon heat indices, much more often than the actual air temperature, are frequently at or above 100 °F. The diurnal temperature variation tends to be large in spring and autumn. Rainfall
2856-477: Is built on the site of two Alibamu towns: Ikanatchati (Ekanchattee or Ecunchatty or Econachatee), meaning "red earth;" and Towassa , built on a bluff called Chunnaanaauga Chatty. The first Europeans to travel through central Alabama were Hernando de Soto and his expedition, who in 1540 recorded going through Ikanatchati and camping for one week in Towassa. The next recorded European encounter occurred more than
2975-727: Is home to the newly built Wright Brothers Park. High-end apartments are planned for this area. The Bell Building , located across from the Rosa Parks Library and Museum, is being redeveloped for mixed-use retail and residential space. The National Memorial for Peace and Justice opened in downtown Montgomery on April 26, 2018. Founded by the Equal Justice Initiative , it acknowledges the historic past of racial terrorism and lynching in America. South of downtown, across Interstate 85 , lies Alabama State University . ASU's campus
3094-561: Is located at 32°21′42″N 86°16′45″W / 32.36167°N 86.27917°W / 32.36167; -86.27917 . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 162.27 square miles (420.3 km ), of which 159.86 square miles (414.0 km ) is land and 2.41 square miles (6.2 km ) (0.52%) is water. The city is built over rolling terrain at an elevation of about 220 feet (67 m) above sea level. Downtown Montgomery lies along
3213-669: Is often applied as an umbrella term for all leagues — major and minor — under the authority of the Commissioner of Baseball . Operating outside the Minor League Baseball organization are many independent minor leagues such as the Atlantic League , American Association , Frontier League , and the feeder league to these the Empire Professional Baseball League . Japan has had professional baseball since
3332-400: Is part of a larger plan to revitalize the downtown area and connect it to the waterfront. The plan includes urban forestry , infill development, and façade renovation to encourage business and residential growth. Other downtown developments include historic Dexter Avenue, which will be the center of a Market District. A$ 6 million streetscape project is improving its design. Maxwell Boulevard
3451-525: Is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County . Named for Continental Army Major General Richard Montgomery , it stands beside the Alabama River , on the coastal Plain of the Gulf of Mexico . The population was 200,603 at the 2020 census . It is the third-most populous city in the state after Huntsville and Birmingham , and is the 128th most populous in
3570-492: Is well-distributed throughout the year, though February, March and July are the wettest months, while October is significantly the driest month. Snowfall occurs only during some winters, and even then is usually light. Substantial snowstorms are rare, but do occur approximately once every 10 years. Extremes range from −5 °F (−21 °C) on February 13, 1899 to 107 °F (42 °C) on July 7, 1881. Thunderstorms bring much of Montgomery's rainfall. These are common during
3689-474: The 2020 census , there were 200,603 people, 82,835 households, and 49,303 families residing in the city. There were 93,920 housing units. As of the 2010 census , there were 205,764 people, 81,486 households, out of which 29% had children under the age of 18 living with them. The racial makeup of the city was 37.3% White , 56.6% Black , 2.2% Asian , 0.2% Native American , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 2.2% from other races , and 1.3% from two or more races. 3.9% of
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3808-872: The Alabama Shakespeare Festival and Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts . Montgomery has been recognized nationally for its continuing downtown revitalization. In the early 2000s, the city constructed the Montgomery Biscuits minor league baseball stadium and Riverfront Park. Following those developments, hundreds of millions of dollars have been invested by private companies that have adapted old warehouses and office buildings into loft apartments, restaurants, retail, hotels, and businesses. The demand for downtown living space has risen, as people want to have walkable, lively neighborhoods. More than 500 apartment units are under construction, including The Heights on Maxwell Boulevard, The Market District on Dexter Avenue,
3927-624: The Alabama Shakespeare Festival , the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts , and the National Memorial for Peace and Justice . Montgomery has also been recognized nationally for its downtown revitalization and new urbanism projects. It was one of the first cities in the nation to implement SmartCode Zoning . Prior to European colonization, the east bank of the Alabama River was inhabited by the Alibamu tribe of Native Americans . The Alibamu and
4046-729: The Alabama State Capitol . The Capitol is located atop a hill at one end of Dexter Avenue, along which also lies the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church , where Martin Luther King Jr. was pastor. Both the Capitol and Dexter Baptist Church are recognized as National Historic Landmarks by the U.S. Department of the Interior . Other notable buildings include RSA Dexter Avenue, RSA Headquarters, Alabama Center for Commerce, RSA Union, and
4165-565: The American League (founded in 1901). Historically, teams in one league never played teams in the other until the World Series , in which the champions of the two leagues played against each other. This changed in 1997 with the advent of interleague play . The Philadelphia Phillies , founded in 1883, are the oldest continuous same-name, same-city franchise in both Major League Baseball and all of American professional sports. In addition to
4284-492: The China National Baseball League , Israel Baseball League , and Baseball Philippines . During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, players of black African descent were barred from playing the major leagues , though several did manage to play by claiming to be Cubans or Native Americans . As a result, a number of parallel Negro leagues were formed. However, after Jackie Robinson began playing with
4403-699: The Civil Rights Movement , including the Montgomery bus boycott and the Selma to Montgomery marches . In addition to housing many Alabama government agencies, Montgomery has a large military presence, due to Maxwell Air Force Base . It has three public universities ( Alabama State University , Troy University (Montgomery campus), and Auburn University at Montgomery ), two private post-secondary institutions ( Faulkner University and Huntingdon College ), high-tech manufacturing (particularly Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama ), and many cultural attractions, such as
4522-730: The Confederate States of America . Montgomery was named the first capital of the nation, and Jefferson Davis was inaugurated as president on the steps of the State Capitol . The capital was later moved to Richmond, Virginia. On April 12, 1865, following the Battle of Selma , Major General James H. Wilson captured Montgomery for the Union. In 1886 Montgomery became the first city in the United States to install citywide electric streetcars along
4641-730: The Coushatta , who lived on the west side of the river, were descended from the Mississippian culture . This civilization had numerous chiefdoms throughout the Midwest and South along the Mississippi and its tributaries, and had built massive earthwork mounds as part of their society about 950–1250 AD. Its largest location was at Cahokia , in present-day Illinois east of St. Louis . The historic tribes spoke mutually intelligible Muskogean languages , which were closely related. Present-day Montgomery
4760-660: The Cumberland River and prone to regular flooding in the spring. The rising Cumberland prevented the play of further exhibitions against the Louisville Colonels, Pittsburgh, and the Detroit Wolverines . They were able to play the Vanderbilt Commodores at Vanderbilt University , defeating them, 17–8, on April 8. The Nashvilles traveled to Columbia where they won against the city's amateur team on April 10;
4879-573: The Nashville Fairgrounds , Fort Negley , Vanderbilt University , and Sulphur Spring Bottom . On October 6, 1884, the American Baseball Association, a local stock company with US$ 1,000 in capital, met to establish the city's first professional baseball team. The club was to be known as the Americans in honor of The Nashville Daily American newspaper, which, in addition to the Nashville Banner , provided scores and accounts of
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4998-591: The Tennessee State Capitol , the site was owned by the Sulphur Spring Company, which used the property for providing hot and cold baths with water from its natural sulphur springs . The land had hitherto been little more than solely a baseball field and required improvements to make it suitable for a professional team. The old bath houses were demolished and replaced with new ones, and the grounds were graded, leveled, sowed with grass, and enclosed by
5117-549: The Uniform Crime Report statistics compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 2022, there were 522 violent crimes and 2,636 property crimes per 100,000 residents. Of these, the violent crimes consisted of 18 murders, 9 forcible rapes, 141 robberies and 354 aggravated assaults, while 562 burglaries, 1,773 larceny-thefts, 301 motor vehicle thefts and 0 acts of arson defined the property offenses. According to
5236-581: The federal land office in Milledgeville, Georgia . The first group of white settlers to come to the Montgomery area was headed by General John Scott . This group founded Alabama Town about 2 miles (3 km) downstream on the Alabama River from present-day downtown Montgomery. In June 1818, county courts were moved from Fort Jackson to Alabama Town. Alabama was admitted to the Union in December 1819. Soon after, Andrew Dexter Jr. founded New Philadelphia,
5355-630: The 10 men who began the season with the Americans had played on major league teams the previous year. Alex Voss , the more experienced of the two, pitched in 34 games for the Kansas City Cowboys and Washington Nationals of the Union Association. Joe Werrick played a few games for the Union St. Paul White Caps . Their spring training regimen consisted of several series of exhibition games against amateur, minor, and major league teams, many of which traveled south to prepare for their seasons in
5474-471: The 10–2 loss. After a third defeat by Columbus, the Americans got their first home win against the Birmingham Coal Barons , 12–5, on May 9. Hillery led Nashville's offence that day with a single , a double, two triples, and three runs scored. Outfielders Ollie Beard and Lefty Marr , formerly on Chicago's spring training roster, were acquired and made their Americans debut on May 11. Crowell pitched
5593-458: The 1886 season. The first scoreboard was a blackboard on which scores were displayed by writing figures in chalk. It was replaced with a larger board using painted tin squares which hung on hooks. In September 1885, Summer Street (Fifth Avenue) was raised, which necessitated raising the adjacent fence to prevent onlookers. An additional row of boards was placed atop the Jackson Street fence, and
5712-676: The 1930s. Nippon Professional Baseball consists of two leagues, the Central League and the Pacific League , each with six teams. South Korea has had professional baseball since 1982. There are 10 teams in KBO League . Taiwan has had professional baseball since the 1990s. The Chinese Professional Baseball League absorbed Taiwan Major League in 2003. There are currently 6 teams in the CPBL. Other Asian leagues include three now defunct leagues,
5831-424: The Alabama River to deliver enslaved laborers to planters, to work the cotton . Buoyed by the revenues of the cotton trade at a time of high market demand, the newly united Montgomery grew quickly. In 1822, the city was designated as the county seat. A new courthouse was built at the present location of Court Square, at the foot of Market Street (now Dexter Avenue). Court Square had one of the largest slave markets in
5950-401: The August 15 game against Atlanta on account of actions by the Atlantas and questionable rulings by the umpire in the previous game. Atlanta's pitcher was allowed to play outside the pitcher's box , but Nashville's was not. Additionally, Nashville was disallowed the use of pinch runners for injured players as Atlanta had been in the case of Henke. Displeased with these rulings and questioning
6069-625: The Garden District, Cloverdale, and Huntingdon are all listed on the National Register of Historic Places as historic districts . Montgomery's east side is the fastest-growing part of the city. Development of the Dalraida neighborhood, along Atlanta Highway, began in 1909, when developers Cook and Laurie bought land from the Ware plantation. A Scotsman, Georgie Laurie named the area for Dál Riata ,
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#17328479612366188-542: The Kress Building on Dexter Avenue, The Bell Building on Montgomery Street, and a new complex by the convention center. Additionally, Montgomery has recently opened a 50 million dollar white water park on July 7, located off Maxwell Boulevard. Montgomery has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ), with short, mild winters, warm springs and autumns, and long, hot, humid summers. The daily average temperature in January
6307-537: The Nashville Base Ball Association raised its capital to $ 6,000 to afford the best possible players. Milan Woods was elected president of the board of directors. Walt Goldsby , who played for a trio of American Association teams in 1884 and was acquired to play in Nashville's 1885 postseason games, was selected as the team's manager for 1886. By mid-December, Goldsby had already secured several players for
6426-567: The Nashvilles continued to chase first-place Atlanta, three more pitchers were acquired. Amateur hurler William Walton was added on a trial basis on July 29, but, doubting his own ability and unwilling to harm the team, he received his requested release on August 1. Billy Taylor debuted on July 31 when a lone base hit and a fielding error kept his first outing from being a perfect game against Chattanooga. Norm Baker , acquired from Louisville, gave up only two runs on three hits in his first appearance on August 6. Nashville began what should have been
6545-414: The Nashvilles played well after the managerial change and retained second by July 3 due in part to a nine-game winning streak from June 17 to 27. Going into Independence Day , nearly the half-way point of the season, they held a 31–19 (.620) record, six games out of first. Looking to bolster the roster for their run at the pennant, several players were added and subtracted in July. Right fielder John Sneed
6664-523: The Olympic Theater resulted in a discontinuance of game reporting on July 13. While games and descriptions were liberally patronized in the early goings, attendance lagged as the season wore on and the team fell further in the standings. Southern League representatives met at the Maxwell House Hotel in Nashville on October 7 to discuss the affairs of the preceding season and lay the groundwork for
6783-745: The Renaissance Hotel and Spa. One block south of the Capitol is the First White House of the Confederacy , the 1835 Italianate-style house in which President Jefferson Davis and family lived while the Confederate capital was in Montgomery. Montgomery's third National Historic Landmark is Union Station . Passenger train service to Montgomery ceased in 1989. Today Union Station is part of the Riverfront Park development, which includes an amphitheater,
6902-415: The South. The state capital was moved from Tuscaloosa to Montgomery, on January 28, 1846. As state capital, Montgomery began to influence state politics, and it would also play a prominent role on the national stage. Beginning February 4, 1861, representatives from Alabama, Georgia , Florida, Louisiana , Mississippi , and South Carolina met in Montgomery , host of the Southern Convention , to form
7021-447: The South: to be allowed to vote and participate in politics, to freely use public places, to end segregation. According to the historian David Beito of the University of Alabama , African Americans in Montgomery "nurtured the modern civil rights movement ." African Americans comprised most of the customers on the city buses, but were forced to give up seats and even stand in order to make room for whites. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks
7140-502: The Southern League championship season of 1885 with a road trip beginning on April 15 at Columbus. Though several players were not placed at their regular positions , the Opening Day roster consisted of pitcher Billy Crowell ; catcher James Hillery; first baseman Len Sowders ; second baseman Ed McKean ; third baseman Joseph Deistel; shortstop Joe Werrick; left fielder George Rhue; center fielders Will Bryan and Tony Hellman ; and right fielder Alex Voss. Sowders led off
7259-655: The Southern League was soon to come to an abrupt end. The collapse began when Birmingham withdrew from the league on September 5 having suffered from poor on-field play and, subsequently, low patronage. Other financially struggling teams were soon to follow. Columbus dropped out on September 7, and it was expected that Chattanooga and Macon would be the next to go. League directors decided to deduct results of some surviving teams' games against Birmingham and Columbus so as to have an even number of series between each club. Macon planned to play until September 15 before disbanding to keep an even record. The modified standings gave Nashville
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#17328479612367378-419: The Southern League would not complete this season intact. On July 7, Augusta forfeited its franchise to the league. Chattanooga, last in the standings, voluntarily dropped out on July 10 to provide the circuit with an even number of teams. On July 11, an off day before the resumption of the league's adjusted schedule, Nashville stood in fourth place at 30–24 (.556); their degrading play and earlier misfortunes with
7497-421: The Sulphur Spring Park home opener on May 8, the Nashvilles and Augustas were paraded from the Maxwell House Hotel through the streets of Nashville to the ballpark. In the 8–0 shutout win, Baker limited the first-place Browns to a single hit while walking one and striking out 12 batters. Catcher Tony Hellman of the 1885 team was reacquired and joined the club on May 15. Brynan was released on May 21, and McVey
7616-415: The United States. The Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area 's population in 2022 was 385,460; it is the fourth largest in the state and 142nd among United States metropolitan areas . The city was incorporated in 1819 as a merger of two towns situated along the Alabama River . It replaced Tuscaloosa as the state capital in 1846, representing the shift of power to the south-central area of Alabama with
7735-457: The age of 18, 11.7% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 41,380, and the median income for a family was $ 53,125. Males had a median income of $ 40,255 versus $ 33,552 for females. The per capita income for
7854-441: The autumn exhibition season on October 19 and 20, defeating the Georgetowns, 6–2 and 9–3. The Louisville Eclipse of the major American Association came to Nashville for two games on November 1 and 2, winning both, 7–6 and 9–7. On November 7, club directors signed a five-year contract to lease the baseball grounds at Sulphur Spring Bottom on which they would build a ballpark to be called Sulphur Spring Park . Located just north of
7973-480: The campus of Auburn University Montgomery on Taylor Road, and Jackson Hospital, which is located next to Oak Park off interstate 85. Montgomery is also home to two medical school campuses: Baptist Medical Center South (run by University of Alabama at Birmingham ) and Jackson Hospital (run by Alabama Medical Education Consortium). Montgomery operates under a Mayor–council government system. The mayor and council members are elected to four-year terms. The current mayor
8092-586: The capital to press for voting rights. These actions contributed to Congressional passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , to authorize federal supervision and enforcement of the rights of African Americans and other minorities to vote. On February 7, 1967, a devastating fire broke out at Dale's Penthouse, a restaurant and lounge on the top floor of the Walter Bragg Smith apartment building (now called Capital Towers) at 7 Clayton Street downtown. Twenty-six people died. In recent years, Montgomery has grown and diversified its economy. Active in downtown revitalization,
8211-517: The chest in dark letters, paired with light pants and dark caps, belts, and stockings. A total of 32 men played in at least one game for Nashville across the 1885 and 1886 seasons. Of these, 24 also played for major league teams during their careers. The 1885 roster consisted of 21 different players, including 15 who also played in the majors at some point. The 1886 roster consisted of 18 different players, including 15 past or future major leaguers. Only seven men played for both iterations of
8330-480: The circuit's first batting title. The Daily American presented Sowders a medal in recognition of his accomplishment. The majority of the team remained together after the season to get in more practice and play a few exhibition games before the offseason. A few additional players were acquired to make out a full nine. On October 11, they traveled to Louisville where they were shutout by the Colonels, 19–0. Nashville defeated Louisville, 6–2, on October 15, but lost, 10–5,
8449-432: The city adopted a master plan in 2007; it includes the revitalization of Court Square and the riverfront, renewing the city's connection to the river. Many other projects under construction include the revitalization of Historic Dexter Avenue, pedestrian and infrastructure improvements along the Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail , and the construction of a new environmental park on West Fairview Avenue. Montgomery
8568-492: The city processed 160,000–200,000 bales of cotton annually. Montgomery has also had large metal fabrication and lumber production sectors. Due to its location along the Alabama River and extensive rail connections, Montgomery has been and continues to be a regional distribution hub for a wide range of industries. Since the late 20th century, it has diversified its economy, achieving increased employment in sectors such as healthcare, business, government, and manufacturing. Today,
8687-405: The city was $ 23,139. About 18.2% of families and 21.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.8% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over. Montgomery's central location in Alabama's Black Belt has long made it a processing hub for commodity crops such as cotton, peanuts, and soybeans . In 1840 Montgomery County led the state in cotton production, and by 1911,
8806-720: The city's Gross Metropolitan Product is $ 12.15 billion, representing 8.7% of the gross state product of Alabama. According to Bureau of Labor Statistics data from October 2008, the largest sectors of non-agricultural employment were: Government, 24.3%; Trade, Transportation, and Utilities, 17.3% (including 11.0% in retail trade); Professional and Business Services, 11.9%; Manufacturing, 10.9%; Education and Health Services, 10.0% (including 8.5% in Health Care & Social Assistance); Leisure and Hospitality, 9.2%; Financial Activities, 6.0%, Natural Resources, Mining and Construction, 5.1%; Information, 1.4%; and Other services 4.0%. Unemployment for
8925-423: The city's many baseball games. Will Bryan, a well-known local player, was selected to manage the team. He promptly left for Cincinnati with instructions to hire first-class players with no regard to their cost. The Union Association , one of three major leagues in operation in 1884, considered the Americans for membership in the 1885 season. On October 10, President Henry Lucas came to Nashville to meet with
9044-486: The club, including six major leaguers. Professional baseball Professional baseball is organized baseball in which players are selected for their talents and are paid to play for a specific team or club system. It is played in leagues and associated farm teams throughout the world. Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada consists of the National League (founded in 1876) and
9163-567: The conclusion of the Creek War . Following their defeat by General Andrew Jackson in August 1814, the Creek tribes were forced to cede 23 million acres to the United States, including remaining land in today's Georgia and most of today's central and southern Alabama. In 1816, the Mississippi Territory (1798–1817) organized Montgomery County . Its former Creek lands were sold off the next year at
9282-468: The edges through which flags would be inserted to indicate each player's performance play-by-play. The presentations were attended by enthusiastic, cheering audiences. At the end of the short cross-state trip, Kellogg resigned as manager, feeling overwhelmed by the responsibility in addition to playing and being team captain. John R. Mayberry, a stockholder and businessman in the field of insurance, took control on June 7. Though briefly falling to third place,
9401-576: The growth of cotton as a commodity crop of the Black Belt and the rise of Mobile as a mercantile port on the Gulf Coast. In February 1861, Montgomery was chosen the first capital of the Confederate States of America , which it remained until the Confederate seat of government moved to Richmond, Virginia , in May of that year. In the middle of the 20th century, Montgomery was a major center of events and protests in
9520-518: The home stadium of the Triple-A Nashville Sounds baseball team. The Americans wore two sets of uniforms in 1885. Their initial set, per the March 5 edition of The Daily American , consisted of "gray shirts and pants, trimmed with bright red, and having the word "American" across the breast plate. Red stockings and red caps complete the outfit." The lettering was in black. On May 26, just over
9639-500: The league with an even number of teams. Their records are given as they stood on their last days of competition. The Americans played their 1884 exhibition games at the Nashville Fairgrounds . Construction began that November on Sulphur Spring Park , their home for the next two seasons. The grandstand was built at the northeastern corner of the block bounded by modern-day Jackson Street, Fourth Avenue North, Harrison Street, and Fifth Avenue North. The main Jackson Street entrance led past
9758-631: The major leagues, many North American cities and towns feature minor league teams. An organization officially styled Minor League Baseball , formerly the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues, oversees nearly all minor league baseball in the United States and Canada. The minor leagues are divided into classes AAA, AA, High-A, A, and Rookie. These minor-league divisions are affiliated with major league teams, and serve to develop young players and rehabilitate injured major-leaguers. "Affiliated baseball" (archaically, " organized baseball ")
9877-656: The major-league Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947, the Negro leagues gradually faded. The process of integration did not go entirely smoothly; there were some ugly incidents, including pitchers who would try to throw directly at a black player's head. Now, however, baseball is fully integrated, and there is little to no racial tension between teammates. Between 1943 and 1954, the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League fielded teams in several Midwestern towns. Montgomery, Alabama Montgomery
9996-512: The municipality and denied them city services. On February 12, 1945, a devastating and deadly tornado struck the western portion of the city. The tornado killed 26 people, injured 293 others, and caused a city-wide blackout which lasted for hours. The United States Weather Bureau would describe this tornado as "the most officially observed one in history". In the post-World War II era, returning African-American veterans were among those who became active in pushing to regain their civil rights in
10115-471: The next afternoon's game, 17–6. In their first competition against a major league team, Nashville defeated the American Association's Pittsburgh Alleghenys , 13–6, on March 22. They then traveled to Memphis for three games from March 23 to 25. Nashville won the first and third games, 10–3 and 20–5, but lost the middle game, 5–4. Sulphur Spring Park was located in a low-lying area in close proximity to
10234-486: The next campaign. Among these signings were Baker, Beard, Hillery, Marr, and Sowders, who were to return for a second season with Nashville. Goldsby also acquired ex-major leaguers Ed Dundon , Billy O'Brien , and George McVey . The team began to assemble in Nashville on March 1 to being practice. In their first exhibition game at Sulphur Spring Park, the Nashvilles defeated the Memphis Grays , 8–0, on March 18. They lost
10353-470: The next day. Their final game was played as a benefit, where all the proceeds went to the remaining members of the team, on October 24. The Nashvilles defeated the Donohues, an amateur club, 5–3. Afterward, players returned to their homes for the winter. In preparation for the 1886 season, Southern League team representatives voted to reduce the schedule from six months to five months and require each club to pay
10472-592: The office of the Governor , the Alabama Legislature , and the Alabama Supreme Court . At the federal level, Montgomery is part of Alabama's 2nd , 7th , and 3rd Congressional district , currently represented by Barry Moore , Terri Sewell , and Mike Rogers , respectively. The 7th represents most of Western Montgomery, the 2nd Southern and Northern Montgomery, and the 3rd Eastern Montgomery. According to
10591-406: The pennant. The Daily American alleged a scheme on the part of Atlanta and league president Henry W. Grady to ensure the pennant for Atlanta at any cost. Had no games been removed from the record, Nashville and Atlanta would have tie records as of September 13. The newspaper pointed out Atlanta's duplicity in considering to drop out of the league to avoid losing money for each day scheduled against
10710-425: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Non-Hispanic Whites were 36.1% of the population in 2010, down from 66% in 1970. The population density varies in different parts of the city; East Montgomery (Taylor Rd and East), the non-Hispanic White population is 74.5%, African American 8.3%, Latino 3.2%, other non-white races carry 2.7% of the population. The city population was spread out, with 24.9% under
10829-503: The present-day eastern part of downtown. He envisioned a prominent future for his town; he set aside a hilltop known as "Goat Hill" as the future site of the state capitol building. New Philadelphia soon prospered, and Scott and his associates built a new town adjacent, calling it East Alabama Town. Originally rivals, the towns merged on December 3, 1819, and were incorporated as the town of Montgomery, named for Richard Montgomery , an American Revolutionary War general. Slave traders used
10948-646: The push for integration organized mob violence at stops along the Freedom Ride. In Montgomery, there was police collaboration when a white mob attacked Freedom Riders at the Greyhound Bus Station in May 1961. Outraged national reaction resulted in the enforcement of desegregation of interstate public transportation. Martin Luther King Jr. returned to Montgomery in 1965. Local civil rights leaders in Selma had been protesting Jim Crow laws and practices that raised barriers to blacks registering to vote. Following
11067-420: The recently disbanded Birmingham team on September 3. They played their final game of the season, a 3–1 loss at Augusta, on September 17. The pennant was awarded to Atlanta at the league meeting on October 13 in Atlanta. The Nashvilles' final record was 62–39 (.614), placing them in third, 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 games behind Atlanta. Sowders led all hitters in the league with a .309 batting average , giving him
11186-424: The request of other Southern League teams, which were all named for their respective cities, changed the name of the club to the Nashville Base Ball Association. From that point onward, the local press dropped all references to the "Americans", and the team was usually referred to as simply Nashville or the Nashvilles. On May 30, Toad Ramsey of the visiting Chattanooga Lookouts pitched a no-hitter against Nashville in
11305-427: The roster, they added outfielder John Cullen to the roster on April 21. The Americans returned home in third place with a record of 7–4 (.636). The Sulphur Spring Park home opener took place on May 4 against Columbus. In the top of the first, Werrick hit a two- RBI triple scoring Hillery and Cullen, but these were to be Nashville's only runs of the game. Tied 2–2 in the fifth, a bad throw allowed Columbus to score
11424-525: The same period was 5.7%, 2.5% higher than October 2007. The city also draws in workers from the surrounding area; Montgomery's daytime population rises 17.4% to 239,101. According to the city's 2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are: According to the Living Wage Calculator, the living wage for the city is US$ 19.73 per hour (or $ 41,038 per year) for an individual and $ 37.14 per hour ($ 77,251 per year) for
11543-842: The score was 14–1 after seven innings when the score was no longer kept. In their final two tuneup games on the road, Nashville defeated the Atlanta Atlantas, 7–6 and 9–4, on April 12 and 13. The Atlanta games were the first of the year to be presented via telegraphed descriptions at the Olympic Theater. Nashville's Southern League championship season of 1886 was to begin on April 15 at Augusta. The Opening Day roster consisted of pitchers Norm Baker, Tod Brynan , Ed Dundon, and Mike Smith ; catchers Billy Earle , George McVey, and Al Schellhase ; first baseman Billy O'Brien; second baseman Henry Bittman; third baseman James Hillery; shortstop Ollie Beard; left fielder/manager Walt Goldsby ; center fielder Lefty Marr; and right fielder Len Sowders. Nashville lost
11662-613: The season and compiled a 62–39 (.614) record, placing third. They spent the majority of the season in either second or third place. Led by left fielder Walt Goldsby , the 1886 team played well but finished in a distant third place with a record of 46–38 (.548). Baseball was first played in Nashville, Tennessee , by amateur teams in the late 1860s. By summer 1884, the city was home to countless teams, with an estimated 20 clubs being formed that year alone. The various teams played at fields around town, including East Nashville's Spring Park,
11781-599: The season opener against the Columbus Stars with a double and came home to score on Hillery's base hit and a wild throw to first. Hillery scored later in the first inning, putting Nashville up 2–0. The Americans proceeded to hold the lead for the entire game, with the decisive run being scored by Deistel in the seventh. Nashville won its inaugural regular season game, 11–9. They continued their opening road trip with two more games against Columbus before going on to Birmingham, Macon, and Augusta. In an early move to strengthen
11900-488: The season opener, 6–3. Following another loss the next day, the team won its first game of 1886 on April 17 against Augusta. They opened the scoring in the second inning and held the lead for the duration of the game. The winning run in the 13–6 victory was scored in the fifth inning when O'Brien drove in Sowders from second base. They completed the first road trip with a 7–8 (.467) record and returned home in fifth place. Prior to
12019-439: The shooting of a man after a civil rights rally, the leaders decided to march to Montgomery to petition Governor George Wallace to allow free voter registration. The violence they encountered from county and state highway police outraged the country. The federal government ordered National Guard and troops to protect the marchers. Thousands more joined the marchers on the way to Montgomery, and an estimated 25,000 marchers entered
12138-653: The southern bank of the Alabama River , about 6 miles (10 km) downstream from the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers. The most prominent feature of Montgomery's skyline is the 375 ft (114 m), RSA Tower , built in 1996 by the Retirement Systems of Alabama . Other prominent buildings include 60 Commerce Street, 8 Commerce Street, and the RSA Dexter Avenue Building . Downtown also contains many state and local government buildings, including
12257-445: The summer months but occur throughout the year. Severe thunderstorms – producing large hail and damaging winds in addition to the usual hazards of lightning and heavy rain – can occasionally occur, particularly during the spring. Severe storms also bring a risk of tornadoes . Sometimes, tropical disturbances – some of which strike the Gulf Coast as hurricanes before losing intensity as they move inland – can bring very heavy rains. As of
12376-441: The team disbanded. Their final record for the 1886 season was 46–38 (.547), a third-place finish 14 games behind the pennant-winning Atlantas. Marr, mirroring Sowders' feat from the previous season, was the league's batting champion with a .327 average. The Daily American presented him with a medal in recognition of his feat. Nashville had an average daily attendance of 1,200 people in their second season. Low patronage at
12495-424: The team on August 12 to makeup for the dismissal of Taylor on August 7. The Nashvilles defeated the Louisville Colonels, 6–3, in an exhibition game at Sulphur Spring Park on August 17. As the season drew to a close, Baker was given his release so he could sign on with another league on September 1. Nashville played its final game on September 4, losing 10–9 at home against Savannah. After the game, players were paid and
12614-432: The team was down to only seven sets of old gold uniforms and often had to mix-and-match articles to assemble a full uniform. The team's new 1886 uniforms were similar to those worn at the beginning of the previous season. The shirts and pants were made of pearl gray cloth and paired with red caps, belts, and stockings. In the team photograph, players are shown in light shirts, some short-sleeved some long, with "Nashville" on
12733-639: The team's directors and to survey the prospect of major league baseball in the city. That afternoon at the fairgrounds, the Americans played their first exhibition game against one of the association's top teams, the Cincinnati Outlaw Reds . Approximately 1,200 to 1,500 people were in attendance as the Outlaw Reds won, 6–3. The Americans were defeated again in the next afternoon's game, 11–2. On October 12, Nashville lost to an amateur team from Georgetown, Kentucky , 4–1. The home team won its only games of
12852-453: The ticket booth and into the grandstand's reserved seats behind home plate and a screen backstop . Rooms for players, directors, scorers, and reporters were built under the grandstand. Restrooms and water fountains, which pumped up sulphur water from the springs below, were also built. The distance to the outfield fence was 362 feet (110 m) to left and right fields and 485 feet (148 m) to center. Several improvements were made prior to
12971-442: The time Mordecai arrived, Creek had migrated into and settled in the area, as they were moving away from Cherokee and Iroquois warfare to the north. Mordecai married a Creek woman. When her people had to cede most of their lands after the 1813-14 Creek War , she joined them in removal to Indian Territory. Mordecai brought the first cotton gin to Alabama. The Upper Creek were able to discourage most white immigration until after
13090-463: The umpire's impartiality, Mayberry planned to return with the team to Nashville. He was later persuaded to play the scheduled game with the promise of fair treatment and the use of a different umpire—dissatisfaction with umpires was rampant across the league. Ultimately, the game was postponed when the severity of Henke's injury was realized. Mayberry and Atlanta manager Gus Schmelz arranged to play an exhibition benefit game for Henke's widow and child at
13209-442: The weather was taking its toll. Poor hitting and injuries incurred by pitchers Baker and Smith were contributing factors to lackluster performance throughout the month. On July 30, Goldsby released Krehmeyer and Smith. On August 8, with about one month left in the season, Nashville's pennant hopes were all but faded as they stood in an ever-distant third place, 11 games back, at 36–33 (.522). Amateur pitcher Arthur Saunders joined
13328-459: The winning run. Voss pitched well in the 3–2 Nashville loss, allowing only three runs on five hits and striking out four, but opposing pitcher Doc Landis held the Americans to just two runs on five hits. Errors , five by Nashville and four by Columbus, hampered both teams as none of the game's five runs were earned . Down by a significant score in the next day's game, Nate Kellogg , a newly acquired second baseman, moved over to pitch in relief in
13447-404: Was added on July 6. Pitcher Gus Shallix made a favorable debut in a July 14 win in which he allowed only two runs on five hits. Some 3,000 people attended an exhibition game against the American Association's Louisville Colonels at Sulphur Spring Park on July 17, which was won by the major leaguers, 9–6. Shallix was released with a sore arm on July 25, and Kellogg was released on July 27. As
13566-539: Was arranged, the final league makeup was not determined until another meeting on February 11 at the Kimball House in Atlanta , where franchises were granted to Atlanta, Augusta , Chattanooga , Columbus , Macon , Memphis , and Nashville, with Birmingham later admitted from a pool of applicants. Bryan's players reported to Nashville to prepare for the coming season, with their first practice being held on March 6. Two of
13685-561: Was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man, sparking the Montgomery bus boycott . Martin Luther King Jr. , then the pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church , and E.D. Nixon , a local civil rights advocate, founded the Montgomery Improvement Association to organize the boycott. In June 1956, the US District Court Judge Frank M. Johnson ruled that Montgomery's bus racial segregation
13804-668: Was built in Colonial Revival architectural style from 1906 until the beginning of World War II. Surrounding ASU are the Garden District and Cloverdale Historic District . Houses in these areas date from around 1875 until 1949, and are in Late Victorian and Gothic Revival styles. Huntingdon College is on the southwestern edge of Cloverdale. The campus was built in the 1900s in Tudor Revival and Gothic Revival styles. ASU,
13923-430: Was reaching for a fumbled ball when Henke's side collided with his head and both fell to the ground. Marr got up and recovered the ball as Henke writhed in pain. He was removed from the game and appeared to be doing better that evening. As the night wore on, however, he grew worse and was attended to by doctors who diagnosed him with a ruptured liver from which he died on the evening of August 15. Mayberry refused to play
14042-511: Was released on May 23. By the end of May, Nashville was fluttering between second and third place at 17–15 (.531). The Nashvilles continued to improve, playing far better than in their opening Southern trip, and moved into a first-place tie with Atlanta on June 7. They took sole possession of the lead on June 9 with a 3–2 win over Memphis and an Atlanta loss to Chattanooga. Following several rain-outs and games prevented by poor field conditions at home, Nashville dropped to second place on June 18 with
14161-586: Was unconstitutional. After the US Supreme Court upheld the ruling in November, the city desegregated the bus system, and the boycott was ended. In separate action, integrated teams of Freedom Riders rode South on interstate buses. In violation of federal law and the constitution, bus companies had for decades acceded to state laws and required passengers to occupy segregated seating in Southern states. Opponents of
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