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46-610: Narathiwat province is on the Gulf of Thailand , on the Malay Peninsula . The Bang Nara is the main river and enters the Gulf of Thailand at the town of Narathiwat. Narathat Beach, the most popular in the province, is near the estuary. The total forest area is 1,196 km (462 sq mi) or 26.6 percent of provincial area. There are three national parks, along with two other national parks, make up region 6 (Pattani branch) of Thailand's protected areas. The former name of Narathiwat

92-720: A higher salinity (3.4 percent) flow into the gulf from the South China Sea . It fills the central depression below a depth of 50 metres (160 ft). The main rivers which empty into the gulf are the Chao Phraya, including its distributary Tha Chin River , the Mae Klong , and Bang Pakong rivers at the Bay of Bangkok , and to a lesser degree the Tapi River flowing into Bandon Bay in the southwest of

138-513: A pipeline leak resulted in an oil slick that went on to coat a beach on the nearby Ka Samet island. In late January 2022, a leak in the pipeline operated by the Star Petroleum Refining Public Company Ltd caused a spill of 20 to 50 tonnes across 47 km of water, with some oil reaching the coast of Rayong province 20 km away. The gulf's many coral reefs have made it attractive to divers. The tropical warmth of

184-623: A population of at least 5,000 with a minimum density of 1,500 per km , plus the approval of the population within that area. Many of today's thesaban municipalities were originally sukhaphiban tambon , sanitation districts, the number of which had grown to 35 in 1935, when these were converted into municipalities. New sanitary districts were again established starting in 1952. With the Act to Upgrade Sanitary Districts to Thesaban of May 1999 all were converted in May 1999, though many of them did not actually meet

230-528: Is an university in Narathiwat province which aims to distribute the equality, equity, and opportunity to local citizen by merging all educational institutions in the province. Those institutions are Narathiwat Technical College, Narathiwat Agricultural & Technology College, Takbai Vocational College, and Boromarjonani College of Nursing, Narathiwat Narathiwat Airport has a direct flight from and to Bangkok daily, operated by Air Asia , departing from Bangkok in

276-530: Is bordered by Cambodia , Thailand , Malaysia , and Vietnam . It occupies a seabed area of 304,000 km from 6° N to 13°30' N latitude and 99°E to 104° E longitude. The northern tip of the gulf is the Bay of Bangkok at the mouth of the Chao Phraya River . The southern boundary of the gulf is defined by a line from Cape Bai Bung in southern Vietnam (just south of the mouth of the Mekong River ) to

322-467: Is highly respected by locals and Buddhists in the south. 6°25′44″N 101°49′26″E  /  6.42889°N 101.82389°E  / 6.42889; 101.82389 Gulf of Thailand The Gulf of Thailand ( Thai : อ่าวไทย ), historically known as the Gulf Gulf of Siam ( Thai : อ่าวสยาม ), is a shallow inlet in the southwestern South China Sea , bounded between the southwestern shores of

368-649: Is roughly 1100 kilometres from Bangkok Railway Station . Highway 42 is considered as main highway in Narathiwat and its terminus, Su-ngai Kolok. Narathiwat is mostly served by public hospitals. Its main hospital is Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Hospital and the province has one university hospital which is Galyanivadhanakarun Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, Princess of Naradhiwas University . Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using

414-1815: Is subject to several territorial disputes. Malaysia and Thailand have chosen to jointly develop the disputed areas, which include the islands of Ko Kra and Ko Losin . A long-standing dispute between Cambodia and Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand concerns mainly the island of Phú Quốc or Koh Tral in Khmer, which is off the Cambodian coast. Cambodia also claims 48,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) of shelf area . Thesaban mueang Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) Dipangkorn Rasmijoti Paetongtarn Shinawatra ( PTP ) Phumtham Wechayachai ( PTP ) Suriya Juangroongruangkit ( PTP ) Anutin Charnvirakul ( BTP ) Pirapan Salirathavibhaga ( UTN ) Pichai Chunhavajira ( PTP ) Prasert Jantararuangtong ( PTP ) Wan Muhamad Noor Matha ( PCC ) Mongkol Surasajja [REDACTED] Wan Muhamad Noor Matha ( PCC ) Pichet Chuamuangphan ( PTP ) Paradorn Prissanananthakul ( BTP ) Natthaphong Ruengpanyawut ( PP ) [REDACTED] Mongkol Surasajja Kriangkrai Srirak Bunsong Noisophon President: Chanakarn Theeravechpolkul President: Prasitsak Meelarp President: Nakarin Mektrairat Diplomatic missions of / in Thailand Passport Visa requirements Visa policy Borders : Cambodia Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Maritime : India Indonesia Vietnam) Foreign aid Thesaban ( Thai : เทศบาล , RTGS :  thetsaban , pronounced [tʰêːt.sā.bāːn] ) are

460-583: The British Empire . Along with Yala, Narathiwat was then part of Monthon Pattani . Narathiwat is one of four Thai provinces (along with Yala , Pattani , and Satun ) with a predominantly Muslim population; 82% are Muslim and 17.9% are Buddhist. Also 80.4% speak the Patani Malay as their first language. Narathiwat Malays are very similar in ethnicity and culture to the Malays of Kelantan , Malaysia . In 1963,

506-467: The Gulf of Siam , derives its name from the historical kingdom of Siam , the former name of modern-day Thailand. The term "Gulf of Siam" was widely used in Western cartography and geographical references up until the mid-20th century, reflecting the colonial-era practice of naming regions based on the prevalent local political entities at the time. "Siam" itself is an exonym , believed to have origins in

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552-478: The Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017. There has been growing violence in southern Thailand since 4 January 2004, especially in the majority Muslim provinces of Narathiwat, Yala , and Pattani . Most of the inhabitants of these provinces are ethnic Malays , though

598-538: The Indochinese Peninsula and the northern half of the Malay Peninsula . It is around 800 km (500 mi) in length and up to 560 km (350 mi) in width, and has a surface area of 320,000 km (120,000 sq mi). The gulf is surrounded on the north, west and southwest by the coastlines of Thailand , on the northeast by Cambodia and the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam , and opens to

644-525: The Northeast region . They speak Isan and are 90% Theravadin Buddhists in what is a predominantly Muslim province. The inhabitants of Narathiwat are largely farmers and fishermen. Narathiwat is an area with various religious places of historical significance. The provincial seal shows a sailing boat with a white elephant on the sail. A white elephant is a royal symbol, and was put on the seal to commemorate

690-474: The Sanskrit word "Syama," which means "dark" or "brown," referring to the skin tone of the region's inhabitants. The term "Siam" was used internationally until 1939, when the country officially changed its name to Thailand. Following this renaming, "Gulf of Thailand" gradually became the more commonly used term, especially in official contexts, although "Gulf of Siam" is still occasionally used. The Gulf of Thailand

736-633: The Sukhaphiban ( สุขาภิบาล ) sanitary districts first created in Bangkok by a royal decree of King Chulalongkorn in 1897. The thesaban system was established in the Thesaban Organization Act of 1934 ( Thai : พระราชบัญญัติจัดระเบียบเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๖ ), and has been updated several times since, starting with the Thesaban Act of 1939 ( Thai : พระราชบัญญัติเทศบาล พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๑ ), which

782-582: The Narathiwat- Rangae Road. The main attraction in this site is a southern Buddha image , the golden "Pra Buddha Thaksin Ming Monkol", which is seated in the lotus position and giving posture. "This mountaintop Buddha image which is considered to be the most beautiful and largest (17 meters wide and 24 meters high) outdoor Buddha image in southern Thailand is decorated in the South Indian style". It

828-715: The South China Sea in the southeast. The modern Thai name of the gulf is Ao Thai ( Thai : อ่าวไทย , [ʔàːw tʰāj] , 'Thai Gulf') and "Gulf of Thailand" has been adopted as the official name of the body by the International Hydrographic Organization . Its name in Malay is "Gulf of Siam", Teluk Siam or in Jawi script : تلوق سيم ‎ , and in Khmer : ឈូងសមុទ្រសៀម , Chhoung Samut Siem . In Thai,

874-585: The Thai government launched the Nikhom Sang Ton Eng Pak Tai ('self-development community in the south') program to move families from Thailand's northeastern and central provinces to the Sukhirin and Chanae Districts of Narathiwat. A total of 5,633 families were relocated to Narathiwat, where each family was rewarded with 18 rai of land. In Phukhao Thong Subdistrict as of 2019, most inhabitants migrated from

920-476: The Thai kingdoms of Sukhothai and Siamese Ayutthaya Kingdom . After the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, the Sultanate of Patani gained full independence but returned under Thai control during the reign of King Rama I (r. 1782–1809), 18 years later, and in the early–1800s was divided into seven smaller kingdoms. In 1909, Narathiwat was fully integrated into Siam as part of Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 negotiated with

966-459: The central depression of the gulf is characterised by the presence of elongated mounds and ridges arranged parallel to the axis of the basin . This morphology, widespread within the gulf in water depths exceeding 50 m, covers an area of tens of thousands of square kilometres. It reflects an interaction between sediment dewatering and the erosional activity of the present-day bottom currents . The sediment dewatering and fluid seepage result in

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1012-519: The cities are mainly Thai, Thai Chinese, and Indian. Violent mujahideen activity has happened since the 1980s, but this lessened when Thaksin Shinawatra became prime minister in 2001. Most of the violence has been directed towards the minority Buddhist population in the province. The important religious site for Muslims is the central mosque of Narathiwat. This mosque is on Pitchitbamrung Road, Tambon Bangnark, Amphoe Muang, about 1 kilometer from

1058-407: The coast of Chonburi Province showed high levels of microplastics , leading the authors to warn that, "Health risks are possible when people consume these contaminated marine organisms, particularly shellfish." Thailand's Pollution Control Department (PCD) estimates that plastic waste in the country is increasing at an annual rate of 12 percent, or around two million tonnes per year. In 2013,

1104-608: The endemic, critically endangered populations of cetaceans ( Eden's whales , newly described Omura's whales , Chinese white dolphins , and Irrawaddy dolphins showing unique feeding behaviors), and dugongs . It was first classified by Müller in 1776 as Trichechus dugon . Five species of the sea turtles have been found in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman sea coast, including olive ridley turtles, green turtles, hawksbill turtles, loggerhead turtles, and leatherback turtles. The area between Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam

1150-724: The erosion is attributable to the clearing of mangrove forests to make way for shrimp farms. In February 2017, a 10 kilometer-long patch of plastic refuse was found floating off Chumphon Province . Thailand is among the world's worst plastic polluters. More than half of "land-based plastic waste leakage" into the sea originates from just five countries: China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. The Thai Marine and Coastal Resources Department has noted that at least 300 sea animals on average—60 per cent of which are whales and dolphins—die from eating plastic fishing gear and trash each year. Filter feeding invertebrates tested off

1196-419: The formation of numerous small pits and pockmarks . The long-term erosion imposed by currents of stable orientation modifies pockmarks into long runnels and depressions, and ultimately leads to the formation of the large fields of elongated mounds and ridges, as well as the residual outliers of un-eroded mud and clay sheets. The larger islands in the gulf include: There are 75,590 rai of coral reef in

1242-811: The ground, this species of cyprinid is the provincial aquatic life. Narathiwat is divided into 13 districts ( amphoe ), which are further divided into 77 subdistricts ( tambon ) and 551 villages ( muban ). As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Narathiwat Provincial Administration Organisation ( ongkan borihan suan changwat ) and 16 municipal ( thesaban ) areas in the province. Narathiwat, Sungai Kolok and Tak Bai have town ( thesaban mueang ) status. Further 13 subdistrict municipalities ( thesaban tambon ). The non-municipal areas are administered by 72 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations – SAO ( ongkan borihan suan tambon ). Narathiwat has many schools which classified as primary school, elementary school, high school and university. Princess of Naradhiwas University

1288-509: The gulf is historically known as Ao Sayam ( Thai : อ่าวสยาม ). In Vietnamese it is known as Vịnh Thái Lan . It is generally identified with the Great Gulf ( Latin : Magnus Sinus ) known to Greek , Roman , Arab , Persian , and Renaissance cartographers before the influx of Portuguese explorers removed the phantom Dragon Tail peninsula from European world maps in the 16th century. The Gulf of Thailand , historically known as

1334-629: The gulf, of which five percent are considered to be in fertile condition. In 2010 severe coral bleaching occurred at most reef sites in the country. Bleaching of reefs in the Andaman Sea was more severe and extensive than that in the Gulf of Thailand. In 2016, coral bleaching was detected at Ko Thalu and Ko Lueam in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province for the first time. Scientists have determined that bleaching starts when seawater temperature rises beyond 30 °C for more than three weeks. Given

1380-560: The gulf. The International Hydrographic Organization defines the southern limit of the gulf as "[a] line running from the Western extreme of Cambodia or Camau Point (8°36'N) to the Northern extreme of the point on the East side of the estuary of the Kelantan River ( 6°14′N 102°15′E  /  6.233°N 102.250°E  / 6.233; 102.250 )". The seabed morphology in

1426-403: The lowest level municipal unit, is usually translated as "sub-district municipality". Despite the name, it may not necessarily cover the same area as a sub-district ( tambon ); i.e., it may not cover a tambon completely, or conversely, it may extend over parts of more than one tambon . For an area to qualify as a thesaban tambon , it must have a gross income of at least 5 million baht and

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1472-604: The morning and leaving Narathiwat for Bangkok in the afternoon. It also has Thai Smile from Narathiwat to Suvanrabhumi airport. Although there is no direct access to Mueang Narathiwat District, Narathiwat's main railway station and nearest to Mueang District is Tanyong Mat Railway Station , on the Southern Line, in Ra-ngae District . Other major stations along the line in Narathiwat include Rueso , Su-ngai Kolok , Su-ngai Padi and Cho-airong . Distance to Narathiwat by rail

1518-436: The municipalities of Thailand . There are three levels of municipalities: city, town, and sub-district. Bangkok and Pattaya are special municipal entities not included in the thesaban system. The municipalities assume some of the responsibilities which are assigned to the districts ( amphoe ) or subdistricts ( tambon ) for non-municipal (rural) areas. Historically, this devolution of central government powers grew out of

1564-488: The prolonged period of temperatures up to 32 °C at Ko Thalu in Prachuap Khiri Khan, five to ten percent of corals in the area are already bleached. Coastal water monitoring results in 2015 from 202 sampling locations, collected twice annually, indicate that no Thai coastal waters were found to be in excellent condition. Sixteen percent of coastal water was of good quality, 72 percent was of fair quality, 9 percent

1610-626: The provincial town. This mosque is the center for Thai Muslims who come to worship on Fridays. It was built in 1981 in a three-storied Arabian-style building with a high tower and a domed roof as other mosques. The tower is used to call Muslims to prayer. A minority of the people in Narathiwat are Buddhist. Although a minority, there are Buddhist temples in the same amphoe as the mosque. These include Khao Kong Buddhist Park, which occupies an area of 142 rai (227,200 square metres (2,446,000 sq ft)) in Tambon Lamphu about nine kilometers from town on

1656-432: The south. Thesaban mueang ( Thai : เทศบาลเมือง , RTGS :  thetsaban mueang , pronounced [tʰêːt.sā.bāːn mɯ̄a̯ŋ] ) is translated as "town municipality". For a municipality to qualify as a town, it either needs to be a provincial capital, or have a population of at least 10,000 and sufficient income to cover the tasks of a town. When first organized in 1934, minimum qualification for town status

1702-487: The tasks of a city. When first organized in 1934, the minimum qualifications for city status were a population of 30,000 with a density of 1,000 per km . In 1939 the required population density was increased to 2,000 per km , along with the addition of a financial requirement. In 1953 the population density requirement was again raised, to 3,000 per km , before being removed entirely in 2000. For 22 years, from 1972 to 1994, as well as between March and November 1936, there

1748-460: The town of Tumpat and Pengkalan Chepa on the Malaysian coast. The gulf is relatively shallow: its mean depth is 58 metres (190 ft) and the maximum depth is only 85 metres (279 ft). This makes water exchange slow, and the strong water inflow from the rivers reduces the level of salinity in the gulf (3.05–3.25 percent) and enriches the sediments . Only at greater depths does water with

1794-663: The water attracts many tourists. Some of the most important tourist destinations in the Gulf of Thailand are the islands of Ko Samui and Ko Pha Ngan in Surat Thani Province , Pattaya in Chonburi Province , Cha-am in Phetchaburi Province , Hua Hin in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province , and Ko Samet in Rayong Province . In recent years, the bay has become known for its whale watching activities, targeting

1840-596: The white elephant Phra Sri Nararat Rajakarini which was caught here and presented to the king. The provincial symbol is the longkong fruit ( Lansium parasiticum ). The provincial tree is the Chengal ( Neobalanocarpus heimii ), and the provincial flower is the Odontadenia macrantha . The ornamental fish harlequin rasbora ( Trigonostigma heteromorpha ), are fish that live in swampy water conditions. In Thailand, they are found only in Narathiwat's Pa Phru To Daeng , and on

1886-450: Was Menara ( Jawi : منارا ), meaning 'minaret' or 'tower' in Malay , the pre-Islamic name is unknown. This became Bang Nara ( Thai : บางนรา ) or Bang Nak ( Thai : บางนาค ) in Thai, but was changed to Narathiwat by King Rama VI in 1915. "Narathiwat", from the Sanskrit (Nara+adhivāsa), means the residence of wise people . Historically, Narathiwat was the part of the semi-independent Malay Sultanate of Patani , paying tribute to

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1932-497: Was a population of 3,000 with a density of 1,000 per km . In 1939 requirements were increased to a population of 5,000 with a density of 2,000 per km , plus a financial criterion. In 1953, the minimum population requirements was raised to the present value; the population density was also raised, to 3,000 per km , before being removed entirely in 2000. Thesaban tambon ( Thai : เทศบาลตำบล , RTGS :  thetsaban tambon , pronounced [tʰêːt.sā.bāːn tām.bōn] ),

1978-697: Was of poor quality and 3 percent was of very poor quality. The quality of all coastal waters exhibited similar percentages — most were of fair quality — except for the Inner Gulf of Thailand, where the coastal water was poor to very poor. In comparison to coastal water quality as measured in 2014, water quality has deteriorated. Some gulf waters off Chachoengsao Province , Samut Sakhon Province , Samut Prakan Province , Bangkok, Rayong Province , Chonburi Province , Phetchaburi Province , Prachuap Khiri Khan Province , and Surat Thani Province were judged to have coastal waters in "poor" or "very poor" condition. Songkhla

2024-403: Was only one city municipality in Thailand, which is Chiang Mai , as in 1972 Bangkok had been changed from city municipality, to special governed district. Until 1972 there were three city municipalities: Chiang Mai , Phra Nakhon (now Bangkok), and Thonburi (now part of Bangkok). In 1994, Nakhon Si Thammarat town municipality became the second city municipality of Thailand, and the first in

2070-422: Was replaced by the Thesaban Act of 1953. The 1953 act was most recently amended by the Thesaban Act (No. 12) of 2003. Thesaban nakhon ( Thai : เทศบาลนคร , RTGS :  thetsaban nakhon , pronounced [tʰêːt.sā.bāːn ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn] ) is translated as "city municipality". To qualify for city status a municipality needs to have a population of at least 50,000 and sufficient income to carry out

2116-497: Was the only province on the gulf with coastal water rated "good" quality. Of Thailand's total marine catch, 41 percent is caught in the Gulf of Thailand and 19 percent in the Andaman Sea . Forty percent is caught in waters outside Thailand's EEZ . Thailand has 1,660 kilometres of coastline bordering the gulf. "Severe erosion", more than five metres of coastline loss per year, afflicts 670 kilometres of that total. At least some of

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