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68-644: Nanticoke Creek is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania , in the United States. It is approximately 4.4 miles (7.1 km) long and flows through Hanover Township and Nanticoke . The watershed of the creek has an area of 7.57 square miles (19.6 km). The creek has one named tributary, which is known as Espy Run. Nanticoke Creek impaired by pH and metals due to abandoned mine drainage . Abandoned mine drainage discharges in

136-681: A few tenths of a mile before receiving Espy Run, its only named tributary, from the left . It then crosses the Sans Souci Parkway and turns northwest for a few tenth of a mile, crossing the South Cross Valley Expressway once more before reaching its confluence with the Susquehanna River. Nanticoke Creek joins the Susquehanna River 183.04 miles (294.57 km) upriver of its mouth. In addition to having several unnamed tributaries, Nanticoke Creek has one named tributary, which

204-471: A few tenths of a mile before turning west-northwest, briefly passing through Nanticoke before reentering Hanover Township. It then turns north-northwest for nearly a mile, crossing Pennsylvania Route 29 / US Route 11 / South Cross Valley Expressway and passing by the community of Loomis Park. The creek then turns northwest for several tenths of a mile before turning west and crossing the South Cross Valley Expressway again. After this, it turns northwest again for

272-490: A glacial or resedimented till known as Wisconsinan Till , and bedrock consisting of sandstone and shale . The upper reaches of the creek mainly are around surficial geology consisting of surface mining land, bedrock, and Wisconsinan Till. Mountains such as Little Wilkes-Barre Mountain and Penobscot Mountain are partially in the watershed. The topography of the watershed features refuse piles, crop falls, and strip pits in numerous places due to past mining. Some parts of

340-574: A mean of 6.3 cubic feet per second. The discharge of the creek at its mouth was measured to be 3.8 cubic feet per second in June 1999 and 8.2 cubic feet per second in October 1999. Both values were significantly lower than those of the nearby Newport Creek . In June 1999, the pH of Nanticoke Creek downstream of the Truesdale Mine Discharge was 6.8 and in October 1999, it was 6.4. At the creek's mouth,

408-400: A new river, to be given its own name, perhaps one already known to the people who live upon its banks. Conversely, explorers approaching a new land from the sea encounter its rivers at their mouths, where they name them on their charts, then, following a river upstream, encounter each tributary as a forking of the stream to the right and to the left, which then appear on their charts as such; or

476-473: A number of township roads are found in the watershed. The creek drains much of a coal sheet known as Sheet No. 2. Its tributaries drain part of the coal sheet Mine Sheet No. 1. Much of the Newport Creek watershed is forested. However, there are significant areas of developed land in the eastern part of the watershed. Other land uses in the watershed area agricultural and disturbed land. The headwaters of

544-432: A permit to discharge sewage into the creek. Four combined sewer overflows are present in the watershed. Orange sediment is deposited on the creek's streambed , indicating a high concentration of iron in the waters. Yellow boy is also present along the creek in some places and can be seen from South Cross Valley Expressway. The concentration of total dissolved solids in the creek is 622 milligrams per liter, higher than

612-521: A report on Nanticoke Creek in 2005. The drainage basin of Nanticoke Creek is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. In the 1970s, the Operation Scarlift report for the creek noted that the creek was almost entirely devoid of aquatic life due to low water quality . However, the creek had potential for fish life. An artificial wetland known as the Espy Run Wetland is in

680-400: A river or stream that branches off from and flows away from the main stream. Distributaries are most often found in river deltas . Right tributary , or right-bank tributary , and left tributary , or left-bank tributary , describe the orientation of the tributary relative to the flow of the main stem river. These terms are defined from the perspective of looking downstream, that is, facing

748-476: A tributary known as Reservoir Creek. Middle Branch Newport Creek is also a tributary of Newport Creek, as is North Branch Newport Creek, which has no tributaries. In the 1970s, Newport Creek discharged an average of 82,564 pounds (37,450 kg) of acid into the Susquehanna River. Most (68,000 pounds (31,000 kg) per day) came from North Branch Newport Creek. At the headwaters of Newport Creek in Glen Lyon,

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816-756: Is 1182159. Nanticoke Creek, like the nearby Nanticoke city and Nanticoke Falls, is named for a group of Nanticoke People who for a time had a village in the Wyoming Valley before Europeans settled there. The creek was known as Muddy Run on some very early maps of the area. However, its current name was appearing on maps as early as 1776. The creek has also historically been referred to by many other names, including Lee's Creek, Miller's Creek, Robins Creek, Bobbs Creek, Rummage Creek, and Warrior Run Creek. All of these names were described as erroneous in Henry C. Bradsby's 1893 book History of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania . A forge

884-477: Is 733.55 pounds (332.73 kg) per day. At Newport Creek's source, the daily load of aluminum is 91.24 pounds (41.39 kg). Downstream of UNT 64681 and UNT 28347, the daily load of aluminum is 48.844 pounds (22.155 kg) and 64.78 pounds (29.38 kg), respectively. Below the Newport Dump discharge, the aluminum load is 33.48 pounds (15.19 kg). Downstream of the mouth of South Branch Newport Creek,

952-446: Is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream ( main stem or "parent" ), river, or a lake . A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean . Tributaries, and the main stem river into which they flow, drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater , leading the water out into an ocean. The Irtysh is a chief tributary of the Ob river and

1020-572: Is a daily load of 1,095.07 pounds (496.72 kg) of iron. Downstream of the Susquehanna #7 Mine Discharge, the iron load is 2,735.57 pounds (1,240.83 kg) and downstream of the Honeypot Discharge, the load is 3,165.10 pounds (1,435.67 kg) per day. At the headwaters of Newport Creek, the daily manganese load is 51.75 pounds (23.47 kg). Below UNT 64681, the load of manganese is 63.00 pounds (28.58 kg) per day and below UNT 28347

1088-529: Is also at the southern end of the Anthracite Valley Section of the ridge and valley physiographic province. The Anthracite Valley Section is a crescent-shaped synclinal basin. The creek is located in the Wyoming Valley . The Lower Hanover Flats begin at its mouth. There are three headwater streams in the watershed, all of which are on a valley in a plateau above the Susquehanna River. Some of

1156-411: Is also the longest tributary river in the world with a length of 4,248 km (2,640 mi). The Madeira River is the largest tributary river by volume in the world with an average discharge of 31,200 m /s (1.1 million cu ft/s). A confluence , where two or more bodies of water meet, usually refers to the joining of tributaries. The opposite to a tributary is a distributary ,

1224-526: Is known as Espy Run. Espy Run joins Nanticoke Creek 0.42 miles (0.68 km) upstream of its mouth. Its watershed has an area of 3.14 square miles (8.1 km). An unofficially named tributary known as Leuders Creek is also in the watershed. Nanticoke Creek is considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired, meaning that it fails to attain water quality standards. The causes of impairment are metals and pH and

1292-534: Is mainly forested, but urban land and mining land are also present. The city of Nanticoke is partially in the watershed and many unincorporated communities are there as well. The creek is named after the Nanticoke tribe , but was historically known as Muddy Run before appearing on maps with its present name by 1776. Extensive mining, both underground and on the surface, has been done in the creek's watershed. Numerous passive and active treatment systems have been installed in

1360-630: Is not far from the creek. A reservoir known as the Hanover Reservoir is located in the southwestern part of the watershed. There are also a number of silt ponds in the vicinity of the creek. The creek's mouth is half a mile to the east of Nanticoke Falls. Nanticoke Creek was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System

1428-480: Is occupied by sandstone . There are at least 12 coal seams in the watershed, which are all in the Llwellyn Formation. Their thickness ranges from under 1 foot (0.30 m) to 20 feet (6.1 m). The coal has a lower-than-average sulfur content of 0.6 to 0.8 percent. Some areas of quicksand have been observed in the Newport Creek watershed. The main rock formations in the Newport Creek watershed are

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1496-519: Is present near the headwaters of the creek. Near its mouth, the surficial geology in the vicinity of Nanticoke Creek mainly consists of alluvium (which mainly consists of stratified silt , sand , and gravel , with some boulders ), Wisconsinan Outwash (which contains stratified sand and gravel), and urban land (which is highly disrupted by cut and fill ). Further upstream, the surficial geology mainly consists of coal dumps and surface mining land (both of which are rich in rick waste), as well as

1564-414: Is up to 6.5 miles (10.5 km) long from east to west and up to 3.5 miles (5.6 km) long from north to south. Communities in the Newport Creek watershed include Alden , Glen Lyon, Nanticoke, Newport Center , Sheatown , and Wanamie . Wilkes-Barre is 9 miles (14 km) northeast of the watershed and Hazleton is 15 miles (24 km) south of the watershed. Pennsylvania State Route 3002 and

1632-483: The Delaware and Hudson Railroad for some distance before turning north and then northeast to follow the railroad. The creek gets much closer to the strip mines at this point. It continues east, out of Newport Township and into the community of Nanticoke , where the tributary South Branch Newport Creek flows into Newport Creek. Newport Creek then flows through Nanticoke, passing a mountain known as Honey Pot . At this point,

1700-846: The Llwellyn Formation , the Pottsville Formation , the Pocono Formation , the Mauch Chunk Formation , and the Duncannon Member . The Llwellyn Formation occupies much of the northern part of the watershed, including much of Newport Creek itself and some of the South Branch Newport Creek watershed, except for the southern part. South of the Llwellyn Formation is a band of the Pottsville Formation. South of

1768-586: The United States Environmental Protection Agency criterion for suitability for aquatic life. The elevation near the mouth of Nanticoke Creek is 515 feet (157 m) above sea level . The elevation of the creek's source is between 1,000 and 1,020 feet (300 and 310 m) above sea level. The watershed of Nanticoke Creek is mostly in the Coal Region of Pennsylvania . It is at the southwestern end of that coal basin . The creek

1836-421: The 50th percentile is 2.0 cubic feet per second, and the 75th percentile is 3.9 cubic feet per second. Downstream of South Branch Newport Creek, the discharge ranges from 0.428 to 71 cubic feet per second, with an average of 5.6 cubic feet per second. The 25th percentile is 1.6 cubic feet per second, the 50th percentile is 3.0 cubic feet per second, and the 75th percentile is 5.3 cubic feet per second. Newport Creek

1904-687: The Lackawanna-Arnot-Morris soil association together occupy 95% of the watershed. The remaining 5% is occupied by the Wellsboro-Oquaga-Morris and the Chenango-Pope-Holly soil associations. There are five major sources of acid mine drainage in the Newport Creek watershed. One of these is the Glen Lyon Borehole , which is located at the creek's headwaters. The Susquehanna #7 Mine Discharge, the largest source of pollution in

1972-745: The Nanticoke Creek Assessment and Restoration Project would cost $ 5,000,000. An active treatment project by the Earth Conservancy began in 2012, with the intent to repair damage caused by the Askam Borehole. The Bureau of Abandoned Mine Reclamation of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection has a permit to discharge stormwater into the creek during earth-moving activities involving filling in dangerous strip pits. The United States Army Corps of Engineers published

2040-516: The Newport Creek watershed are on Penobscot Mountain and Little Wilkes-Barre Mountain. Newport Lake, a 20-acre (8.1 ha) lake of mine drainage, is in the creek's watershed. Fairchild Pond and the Wanamie Reservoir are also present in the sub-watershed of South Branch Newport Creek. Najaka Pond and Kielar Lake used to drain into Newport Creek or its tributaries, but mining in the watershed has intercepted their discharge. The Bloomery Forge

2108-403: The Newport Creek watershed in the middle of the 1800s, with deep mines being established in this period. A mine disaster occurred on the creek near Nanticoke on November 18, 1885. The mines were most active in the 1920s and in 1924, 35 million tons were produced. The production rate dropped slightly after the 1920s and entered a steady decline in the 1950s. Strip mines were established in

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2176-416: The Newport Creek watershed per year. In the watershed of South Branch Newport Creek, there is an average annual runoff of 1.03 inches (2.6 cm). The Newport Creek watershed has an area of 13.99 square miles (36.2 km ). There are 14.41 miles (23.19 km) of streams in the watershed. The watershed is bounded by the community of Nanticoke on the eastern side and the watershed of Black Creek . It

2244-405: The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources). It was created to alleviate flooding from an underground mine pool . The discharge of the borehole is typically around 3500 gallons per minute, but can rise to twice that during heavy rain. In June 1999, the water temperature of Nanticoke Creek was 20.0 °C (68.0 °F) downstream of the Truesdale Mine Discharge. In October of that year,

2312-591: The Pottsville Formation are larger areas of the Mauch Chunk Formation and the Pocono Formation. On the southern edge of the watershed is an area of the Duncannon Member. The Pottsville Formation is unusually thin (less than 100 feet (30 m) in the watershed, but is the lowest rock formation in the watershed in terms of distance below ground. The Udorthents-Urban Land-Volusia soil association and

2380-583: The creek are known to run dry at times. Some water from the watershed flows to the South Wilkes-Barre Boreholes , outside of the Nanticoke Creek watershed. A borehole known as the Askam Borehole discharges directly into Nanticoke Creek. It has a diameter of 36 inches (91 cm) and was created in the early 1970s by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (then known as

2448-424: The creek at the Truesdale Mine Discharge was 37,000 micrograms per liter in June 1999 and approximately 43,000 micrograms per liter in October 1999. The concentration at the creek's mouth in October 1999 was 15,000 micrograms per liter. The dissolved manganese concentration at the mine discharge was 4900 micrograms per liter in June 1999 and approximately 5200 micrograms per liter in October 1999. The concentration at

2516-410: The creek below the mine discharge was 1380 micro-siemens per centimeter in June 1999 and 1430 micro-siemens per centimeter in October. The specific conductance at the creek's mouth was 1390 micro-siemens per centimeter in October. In June 1999, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in Nanticoke Creek downstream of the Truesdale Mine Discharge was measured to be 9.4 milligrams per liter. In October of

2584-411: The creek turns north and reaches its confluence with the Susquehanna River. There are several major tributaries of Newport Creek, including South Branch Newport Creek. South Branch Newport Creek's headwaters are in an area of wetland between Penobscot Mountain and Little Wilkes-Barre Mountain. Other tributaries include UNT 28347, UNT 64681, UNT 28345, and UNT 28346. South Branch Newport Creek also has

2652-447: The creek's mouth in October 1999 was 4900 micrograms per liter. The combined load of the three metals was 320 pounds (150 kg) per day at the mine discharge in June, 800 pounds (360 kg) per day at the discharge in October, and 880 pounds (400 kg) per day at the mouth in October. There is some evidence of sewage contamination, including sewer odors and debris, in the lower reaches of Nanticoke Creek. The city of Nanticoke has

2720-628: The creek's water temperature was 14.0 °C (57.2 °F) at the mine discharge and 15.0 °C (59.0 °F) at its mouth. The watershed of Nanticoke Creek has an area of 7.57 square miles (19.6 km). The creek is entirely within the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Wilkes-Barre West. The watershed is in the central part of Luzerne County. Most of the watershed of Nanticoke Creek (67.3 percent) consists of forested land. Significantly less common are urban land and mining land, which make up 12.2 and 10.3 percent of

2788-735: The creek's watershed include the Truesdale Mine Discharge and the Askam Borehole . The creek is located in the Northern Middle Anthracite Field and is in the Anthracite Valley Section of the ridge and valley physiographic province. The main rock formations in the watershed include the Mauch Chunk Formation, the Pottsville Group, and the Llewellyn Formation. The surficial geology consists of coal dumps, surface mining land, alluvium, Wisconsinan Outwash, Wisconsinan Till, urban land, and bedrock. The watershed of Nanticoke Creek

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2856-447: The creek. In low-flow conditions, its flow ranges from 0 to 38 cubic feet per second. A smaller abandoned mine drainage discharge with a discharge of 0.01 to 0.06 cubic feet per second also discharges into the creek. It has a substantial concentration of dissolved aluminum , but low levels of dissolved oxygen. The discharge of Nanticoke Creek downstream of the Truesdale Mine Discharge ranges from 0.019 to 40 cubic feet per second, with

2924-481: The daily load is 64.78 pounds (29.38 kg) per day. Below the Newport Dump Discharge, the manganese load is 374.68 pounds (169.95 kg) per day. Downstream of South Branch Newport Creek's confluence with Newport Creek, the daily load of manganese is 340.73 pounds (154.55 kg). Below the Susquehanna #7 Mine Discharge, the load is 556.47 pounds (252.41 kg) per day and below the Honeypot Discharge it

2992-419: The daily load of iron is 160.35 pounds (72.73 kg). Downstream of UNT 64681, the iron load in Newport Creek is 258.95 pounds (117.46 kg) per day and downstream of UNT 28347, the daily iron load is 88.37 pounds (40.08 kg). Downstream of the Newport Dump Discharge, the load is 1,121.72 pounds (508.80 kg) per day. Downstream of the confluence of South Branch Newport Creek with Newport Creek, there

3060-421: The direction the water current of the main stem is going. In a navigational context, if one were floating on a raft or other vessel in the main stream, this would be the side the tributary enters from as one floats past; alternately, if one were floating down the tributary, the main stream meets it on the opposite bank of the tributary. This information may be used to avoid turbulent water by moving towards

3128-534: The first-order tributary being typically the least in size. For example, a second-order tributary would be the result of two or more first-order tributaries combining to form the second-order tributary. Another method is to list tributaries from mouth to source, in the form of a tree structure , stored as a tree data structure . Newport Creek Newport Creek begins in the community of Glen Lyon . It flows in an east-northeast direction into Luzerne County , not far from some strip mines . The creek parallels

3196-451: The handedness is from the point of view of an observer facing upstream. For instance, Steer Creek has a left tributary which is called Right Fork Steer Creek. These naming conventions are reflective of the circumstances of a particular river's identification and charting: people living along the banks of a river, with a name known to them, may then float down the river in exploration, and each tributary joining it as they pass by appears as

3264-437: The highest elevation is 1,620 feet (490 m) on Penobscot Mountain. Little Wilkes-Barre Mountain is found in the southern part of the watershed. Most of the Newport Creek watershed is in the Coal Region . There are glaciofluvial deposits from the pleistocene epoch in parts of the watershed. Nearly all (approximately 90%) of the Newport Creek watershed is occupied by interbedded sedimentary rock . The remaining 10%

3332-576: The load is 27.84 pounds (12.63 kg) per day. Below the Susquehanna #7 Mine Discharge, the load is 32.76 pounds (14.86 kg) per day and below the Honeypot Discharge it is 93.49 pounds (42.41 kg) per day. The concentration of dissolved oxygen at the headwaters of Newport Creek ranges from 4.7 to 110.0 milligrams per liter. The pH in this location ranges from 5.8 to 7.6 and the concentration of alkalinity ranges from 2 to 25 milligrams per liter. The concentration of sulfates ranges from 6.4 to 24 milligrams per liter. The sulfate concentration in

3400-406: The opposite bank before approaching the confluence. An early tributary is a tributary that joins the main stem river closer to its source than its mouth, that is, before the river's midpoint ; a late tributary joins the main stem further downstream, closer to its mouth than to its source, that is, after the midpoint. In the United States, where tributaries sometimes have the same name as

3468-462: The pH was 6.8 in October 1999. The net alkalinity concentration was 40.0 milligrams per liter at the mine discharge in June, 3.70 milligrams per liter at the discharge in October, and 18.0 milligrams per liter at the mouth in October. During the 1970s, the acidity concentration of the creek's waters ranged from 18 to 365 parts per million on the main stem . The alkalinity concentration ranged from 0 to 3 parts per million. The specific conductance of

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3536-489: The probable source is abandoned mine drainage. The creek is also impacted by abandoned mine lands in its watershed. However, a total maximum daily load is not planned. The upper reaches of the creek do not experience any major pollution. Nanticoke Creek loses water to mines and also receives abandoned mine drainage discharges from them. The Truesdale Mine Discharge, which is also known as the Dundee Outfall, discharges into

3604-643: The river into which they feed, they are called forks . These are typically designated by compass direction. For example, the American River in California receives flow from its North, Middle, and South forks. The Chicago River 's North Branch has the East, West, and Middle Fork; the South Branch has its South Fork, and used to have a West Fork as well (now filled in). Forks are sometimes designated as right or left. Here,

3672-451: The same year, the concentration of dissolved oxygen at the creek's mouth was 8.9 milligrams per liter. The chloride concentration of the creek at the Truesdale Mine Discharge was 19.0 milligrams per liter in June 1999 and 720 in October 1999. It was 22.0 milligrams per liter at the mouth in October 1999. The sulfate concentration of the creek at the Truesdale Mine Discharge was 690 milligrams per liter in June 1999 and 720 in October 1999. It

3740-418: The smaller stream designated the little fork, the larger either retaining its name unmodified, or receives the designation big . Tributaries are sometimes listed starting with those nearest to the source of the river and ending with those nearest to the mouth of the river . The Strahler stream order examines the arrangement of tributaries in a hierarchy of first, second, third and higher orders, with

3808-432: The streams are seen to diverge by the cardinal direction (north, south, east, or west) in which they proceed upstream, sometimes a third stream entering between two others is designated the middle fork; or the streams are distinguished by the relative height of one to the other, as one stream descending over a cataract into another becomes the upper fork, and the one it descends into, the lower ; or by relative volume:

3876-601: The upper mine pools in the South-East Mine Pool Complex underlie the creek's watershed. The main rock formations in and near the watershed of Nanticoke Creek include the Mauch Chunk Formation (which dates to Late Mississippian and Early Pennsylvanian times), the Pottsville Group (from Pennsylvanian times), and the Llewellyn Formation (also from Pennsylvanian times). The Lower Red Ash coal seam

3944-422: The waters of the Newport Creek watershed was 340 parts per million in 1974. In the South Branch Newport Creek watershed, the daily load of sediment is 3,202.40 pounds (1,452.58 kg) per day. Upstream of South Branch Newport Creek, the discharge of Newport Creek ranges from 0.175 to 8.2 cubic feet per second, with an average of 1.8 cubic feet per second. The 25th percentile is 0.7 cubic feet per second,

4012-519: The watershed in recent times. Nanticoke Creek is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. However, it is relatively lacking in aquatic life. Nanticoke Creek begins in a valley on Penobscot Mountain in Hanover Township. It flows west for a short distance before turning north-northwest and passing through the Weller Gap. The creek then leaves behind the mountain and turns north for

4080-413: The watershed of Nanticoke Creek. If all of the 527 acres (213 ha) of mining land in the watershed were converted to forested land, the trees could sequester 179 short tons (160 long tons; 179 short tons) of carbon per year and 22,767 short tons (20,328 long tons; 22,767 short tons) of carbon could be stored by the time the trees become mature. Tributary A tributary , or an affluent ,

4148-403: The watershed was mined lasted more than 100 years. A flume made of concrete has been constructed in the watershed of the creek. A concrete tee beam bridge carrying State Route 2002 over Nanticoke Creek was built in 1955 and repaired in 1969. It is situated in Hanover Township and has a length of 30.8 feet (9.4 m). A concrete culvert bridge carrying Pennsylvania Route 29 over the creek

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4216-421: The watershed's area. A total of 8.6 percent is grassland and 1.6 percent is wetlands . Much of the watershed of Nanticoke Creek, save for its upper reaches, have been heavily mined, both via strip mining and underground mining . Municipalities in the watershed of Nanticoke Creek include Loomis Park, Lower Askam, Hanover, Espy Gap, Truesdale Terrace, Witinski Villa, and Warrior Gap. The city of Wilkes-Barre

4284-520: The watershed, is 0.6 miles (0.97 km) from the mouth of the creek. It has a discharge of 4.7 to 19 cubic feet per second. The temperature in the area of the Newport Creek watershed ranges from −3.2 °C (26.2 °F) in January to 22.3 °C (72.1 °F) in July. As of 1974, the average snowfall in the watershed is 33.3 inches (85 cm) per year. On average, 43 inches (110 cm) of rainfall in

4352-405: Was 690 milligrams per liter at the mouth in October 1999. The concentration of dissolved aluminum in the waters of Nanticoke Creek at the Truesdale Mine Discharge was 23.0 micrograms per liter in June 1999 and approximately 15.0 micrograms per liter in October 1999. The concentration at the creek's mouth in October 1999 was less than 15.0 micrograms per liter. The dissolved iron concentration in

4420-425: Was built in 1969. It is 29.9 feet (9.1 m) long and is also in Hanover Township. In the mid-1970s, studies indicated that active treatment would be the most suitable remedy for abandoned mine drainage in the watershed of Nanticoke Creek, with hydrated lime being proposed as one possible treatment method. However, some small scale passive treatment has been attempted in the watershed. A 2008 paper estimated that

4488-474: Was built on Newport Creek some time before January 1777 by Nathaniel Chapman, Joseph Beach, and Chris Alden. A stone bridge was once built over Newport Creek near the location of an old mill . A person named Chapman constructed a mill on the creek, which was eventually replaced one built by William Jackson. For a number of years, Jackson's mill was the only mill in Newport Township . Coal mining began in

4556-432: Was constructed on Nanticoke Creek in 1778 by Mason F. Alden and John Alden. A log gristmill was also built in the area in the same year by a Mr. Chapman. The mill was heavily guarded in 1780. In 1793, there was a sawmill and gristmill on the creek. Mining has historically been done in the watershed of Nanticoke Creek. This has substantially altered the hydrology and topography of the watershed. The period during which

4624-469: Was described as "a stream of moderate volume" in 1913. The watershed of Newport Creek is in the Allegheny Mountain section of the ridge and valley geological region. The creek's headwaters are 1,080 feet (330 m) or 1,110 feet (340 m) higher in elevation than the mouth. The lowest elevation in the watershed is 510 feet (160 m) at the creek's confluence with the Susquehanna River and

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