A matronymic is a personal name or a parental name based on the given name of one's mother, grandmother, or any female ancestor. It is the female equivalent of a patronymic . Around the world, matronymic surnames are far less common than patronymic surnames . In some cultures in the past, matronymic last names were often given to children of unwed mothers. Or if a woman was especially well known or powerful, her descendants might adopt a matronym based on her name. A matronymic is a derived name, as compared to a matriname , which is an inherited name from a mother's side of the family, and which is unchanged.
44-422: Naming is assigning a name to something. Naming may refer to: Name A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent . A personal name identifies, not necessarily uniquely, a specific individual human. The name of
88-471: A wide variety of languages and nearly every major religion in the world has a following in India. This variety makes for subtle, often confusing, differences in names and naming styles. Due to historical Indian cultural influences , several names across South and Southeast Asia are influenced by or adapted from Indian names or words. For some Indians, their birth name is different from their official name;
132-589: A cousin or neighbour. There are even instances where royal houses used matronymics to strengthen claims to the English throne – for example, Empress Matilda's eldest son was known as Henry FitzEmpress (- fitz meaning "son of" from Latin filius ). Common English matronyms include Madison, Beaton, Custer, Tiffany, Parnell, Hilliard, Marriott, Ibbetson, Babbs, and Megson. In the old Finnish system, women were standardly given matronyms, while men were given patronyms, for example, Ainontytär (female) or Pekanpoika (male). Since
176-485: A matronymic surname. For instance, it was traditional during the Middle Ages for children whose fathers died before their births to use a matronym, and it was not unheard of for children to be given a matronym if the father's name was foreign, difficult to pronounce, or had an unfortunate meaning. A child of a strong-minded woman might also take a matronym, as might a child whose name would otherwise be confused with that of
220-549: A mothers name ended in the mid 19th century, but the matriarch lines are still traced. Other historical examples of matronyms in Ukraine include: Olenych, Katerynchuk, Khyvrych. Oleg Yaroslavich , 12th century prince of Halych, was known as Oleg Nastasyich during his life to distinguish his claim from that of his half-brother Volodymyr. Most characters in the Bible are referred to with a patronymic. However, Abishai , Joab , and Asahel –
264-451: A naming convention. Automobiles typically have a binomial name, a "make" (manufacturer) and a "model", in addition to a model year, such as a 2007 Chevrolet Corvette . Sometimes there is a name for the car's "decoration level" or "trim line" as well: e.g., Cadillac Escalade EXT Platinum , after the precious metal. Computers often have increasing numbers in their names to signify the next generation. Courses at schools typically follow
308-500: A naming convention: an abbreviation for the subject area and then a number ordered by increasing level of difficulty. Many numbers (e.g., bank accounts, government IDs, credit cards, etc.) are not random but have an internal structure and convention. Virtually all organizations that assign names or numbers will follow some convention in generating these identifiers. Airline flight numbers, Space Shuttle flight numbers , even phone numbers all have an internal convention. A personal name
352-504: A result, a large number of today's surviving Ashkenazi surnames can be traced to a matrilineal ancestor rather than the more globally common trend of surnames being passed between male ancestors and their male descendants. Nevertheless, these surnames weren't matronymic in a strict sense. They are what is known as a matriname , since these particular cases don't derive family names from a mother's fore name, instead opting to do so from their surnames. The pattern even precluded instances where
396-605: A specific entity is sometimes called a proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning as well) and is, when consisting of only one word, a proper noun . Other nouns are sometimes called " common names " or ( obsolete ) " general names ". A name can be given to a person, place, or thing; for example, parents can give their child a name or a scientist can give an element a name. The word name comes from Old English nama ; cognate with Old High German (OHG) namo , Sanskrit नामन् ( nāman ), Latin nomen , Greek ὄνομα ( onoma ), and Persian نام ( nâm ), from
440-419: A variant form of ὄνομα onoma "name", and the suffix -ικός - ikos , which was originally used to form adjectives with the sense "pertaining to" (thus "pertaining to the mother's name"). The Greek word μητρωνυμικός mētrōnymikos was then borrowed into Latin in a partially Latinised form (Greek mētēr , dialectally mātēr , corresponds to Latin mater ), as matronomicus . These words were a source for coining
484-476: Is matronym which means that a component of a personal name is based on the given name of one's mother. In some East Asian cultures , it is traditional for given names to include a generation name , a syllable shared between siblings and cousins of the same generation. Middle names are also used by many people as a third identifier, and can be chosen for personal reasons including signifying relationships, preserving pre-marital/maiden names (a popular practice in
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#1732847757703528-407: Is an identifying word or words by which an individual is intimately known or designated. In many countries, it is traditional for individuals to have a personal name (also called a given name or first name) and a surname (also called a last name or family name because it is shared by members of the same family). Some people have two surnames, one inherited from each parent. In most of Europe and
572-462: Is an instance of a city ). From a historical perspective, the term Named Entity was coined during the MUC-6 evaluation campaign and contained ENAMEX (entity name expressions e.g. persons, locations and organizations) and NUMEX (numerical expression). A more formal definition can be derived from the rigid designator by Saul Kripke . In the expression "Named Entity", the word "Named" aims to restrict
616-566: Is common for one syllable in a two-syllable given name to be a generation name which is the same for immediate siblings. In many cultures it is common for the son to be named after the father or a grandfather. In certain African cultures, such as in Cameroon, the eldest son gets the family name for his given name. In other cultures, the name may include the place of residence, or the place of birth. Major naming conventions include: Products may follow
660-475: Is difficult to ascertain if name of a specific family is patronymic or matronymic considering many Serbian names have both male and female version (for example, surname Miljanić could come from both m.- Miljan and f.- Miljana). Cases where widows had to become heads of households were not uncommon during 18th and 19th century and when surnames were first standardized in Serbia in 1851 it was decided they would be based on
704-493: Is no other information to clarify which dolphin is being referred to. In information extraction , a named entity is a real-world object , such as a person, location, organization, product, etc., that can be denoted with a proper name . It can be abstract or have a physical existence. Examples of named entities include Barack Obama , New York City , Volkswagen Golf , or anything else that can be named. Named entities can simply be viewed as entity instances (e.g., New York City
748-403: Is not a named entity since it can be used to refer to many different objects in different worlds (in different presidential periods referring to different persons, or even in different countries or organizations referring to different people). Rigid designators usually include proper names as well as certain natural terms like biological species and substances. There is also a general agreement in
792-471: Is often a neologism or pseudoword , such as Kodak or Sony . In the ancient world, particularly in the ancient near-east ( Israel , Mesopotamia , Egypt , Persia ) names were thought to be extremely powerful and act, in some ways, as a separate manifestation of a person or deity. This viewpoint is responsible both for the reluctance to use the proper name of God in Hebrew writing or speech, as well as
836-544: The Named Entity Recognition community to consider temporal and numerical expressions as named entities, such as amounts of money and other types of units, which may violate the rigid designator perspective. Matronym The word matronymic is first attested in English in 1794 and originates in the Greek μήτηρ mētēr "mother" ( GEN μητρός mētros whence the combining form μητρo- mētro -), ὄνυμα onyma ,
880-483: The Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *h₁nómn̥ . Outside Indo-European, it can be connected to Proto-Uralic *nime . A naming convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria for naming things. Parents may follow a naming convention when selecting names for their children. Some have chosen alphabetical names by birth order. In some East Asian cultures it
924-528: The 19th century the system of inherited family names has been used, however, and today nearly all Finns have inherited surnames. Family names derived from matronyms are found in France , especially in Normandy : Catherine, Marie, Jeanne, Adeline. In medieval Normandy ( Duchy of Normandy ), a matronym might be used when the mother was of greater prominence than the father or the basis for a claim of inheritance, such as in
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#1732847757703968-475: The Americas, the given name typically comes before the surname, whereas in parts of Asia and Hungary the surname comes before the given name. In some cultures it is traditional for a woman to take her husband's surname when she gets married. A common practice in many countries is patronym which means that a component of a personal name is based on the given name of one's father. A less common practice in countries
1012-471: The English matronymic as the female counterpart to patronymic (first attested in English in 1612). Whereas the Oxford English Dictionary records an English noun patronym in free variation with the noun patronymic , it does not, however, record a corresponding noun matronym . More rarely, English writers use forms based wholly on Greek: the noun metronym (first attested in 1904); and
1056-952: The Fourth Branch of the Mabinogi (the children of Dôn ). For instance the famous mythological King of Ulster, Conchobar mac Nessa is named after his mother Ness . Matronymics are accepted in the Netherlands but are generally written as given names on identity cards. Family names derived from matronyms are also found in Romania , especially in the region of Moldavia . Examples include: Aioanei, Ababei, Acatrinei, Ailincăi. Although far less common than patronymic surnames, matronymic surnames are widespread both in Serbia and in neighboring countries. Examples include surnames such as Katić, Sinđelić, Nedić, Marić, Višnjić, Janjić, Sarić, Miličić, Milenić, Natalić, Zorić, Smiljić, Anđelić and many others. Sometimes it
1100-585: The United States), and to perpetuate family names. The practice of using middle names dates back to ancient Rome, where it was common for members of the elite to have a praenomen (a personal name), a nomen (a family name, not exactly used the way middle names are used today), and a cognomen (a name representing an individual attribute or the specific branch of a person's family). Middle names eventually fell out of use, but regained popularity in Europe during
1144-561: The birth name starts with a randomly selected name from the person's horoscope (based on the nakshatra or lunar mansion corresponding to the person's birth). Many children are given three names, sometimes as a part of religious teaching. We can see many Arabic names in the Quran and in Muslim people, such as Allah, Muhammad, Khwaja, Ismail, Mehboob, Suhelahmed, Shoheb Ameena, Aaisha, Sameena, Rumana, Swaleha, etc. The names Mohammed and Ahmed are
1188-582: The cases of Henry FitzEmpress and Robert FitzWimarc . Some Icelandic people, like Heiðar Helguson , have matronyms. A particularity by the Norse name of the trickster among the revered of Åsgard is that Loki got a matronymic, Loki Laufeyjarson. His father Fárbauti is associated with Wild Fire, and his mother, the leaves of the trees, the mother of all figs and birches, as in Askr and Embla. Matronymics appear in medieval Celtic tales such as Cath Maige Tuired and
1232-456: The child of their father. For example: דוד בן ישי (David ben Yishay) meaning, David , son of Jesse (1 Samuel 17:12,58). Today, this style of name is still used in Jewish religious rites. Indian names are based on a variety of systems and naming conventions , which vary from region to region. Names are also influenced by religion and caste and may come from epics . India 's population speaks
1276-424: The common understanding in ancient magic that magical rituals had to be carried out "in [someone's] name". By invoking a god or spirit by name, one was thought to be able to summon that spirit's power for some kind of miracle or magic (see Luke 9:49, in which the disciples claim to have seen a man driving out demons using the name of Jesus ). This understanding passed into later religious tradition, for example
1320-471: The course of their lives. For example: Solomon meant peace , and the king with that name was the first whose reign was without war . Likewise, Joseph named his firstborn son Manasseh (Hebrew: "causing to forget")(Genesis 41:51); when Joseph also said, "God has made me forget all my troubles and everyone in my father's family." Biblical Jewish people did not have surnames which were passed from generation to generation. However, they were typically known as
1364-646: The court reversed its decision in November. An example of an Arabic matronymic is the name of Jesus "Yeshua ibn Maryam", which means "Jesus, the son of Mary". The book Kitāb man nusiba ilá ummihi min al-shu‘arā’ (the book of poets who are named with the lineage of their mothers) by the 9th-century author Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb is a study of the matronymics of Arabic poets. There exist other examples of matronymics in historical Arabic. While most Mongolian names today are patronymic , some Mongolians are known to be matronymic. This could be due to, for example, an absence of
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1408-636: The father such as in the case of Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat , the first elected president of Mongolia. Filipino names legally use the maiden name of the child’s mother as a middle name as opposed to the Anglo-American use of additional given names. Filipino children born to unwed mothers , if not legally claimed by the father nor adopted by anyone else, automatically bear their mother’s maiden name as their surname and sometimes her middle name as her siblings would. Amis people 's daughter names are followed by
1452-614: The institution of the Abrahamic covenant ( Genesis 17 :4, 17:15). Simon was renamed Peter when he was given the Keys to Heaven . This is recounted in the Gospel of Matthew chapter 16, which according to Roman Catholic teaching was when Jesus promised to Saint Peter the power to take binding actions. Proper names are "saturated with meaning". Throughout the Bible , characters are given names at birth that reflect something of significance or describe
1496-450: The mother's name, while a son's name is followed by his father's name. Seediqs often get to choose which of their parents’ name to go after their own. Some Vietnamese names also function this way, as less of a "tradition" than a style or trend, in which the mother's maiden name is the child's middle name. Although many English matronyms were given to children of unwed mothers, it was not unusual for children of married women to also use
1540-695: The names of eldest living heads of households which in some cases were women. People who didn't know their father well would also take matronymic surnames, with notable cases being hero of the First Serbian Uprising Stevan Sinđelić , who took that surname in honor of his mother Sinđelija. In Ukraine, the suffix chak interprets as "daughter of" implying an original history of matronyms (similar to American last names ending in 'son' [Davidson, Williamson]). In Ukraine all last names ending with -chak, such as Rataichak, Katerchak, Alberchak, Bartchak, Shchak, etc... are matronyms. The practice of taking
1584-554: The names of their mothers as the second part of their name. Some Minangkabau people use this naming system, many people, however, have no surname at all. People of Enggano Island also use a matronymic system. They also have family name/surname ( marga ). In July 2023, the Constitutional Court of Kyrgyzstan decided that adults may have the right to use a matronymic instead of the traditional patronymic on their official documents. After pushback from conservative groups,
1628-645: The nineteenth century. Besides first, middle, and last names, individuals may also have nicknames , aliases , or titles . Nicknames are informal names used by friends or family to refer to a person ("Chris" may be used as a short form of the personal name "Christopher"). A person may choose to use an alias, or a fake name, instead of their real name, possibly to protect or obscure their identity. People may also have titles designating their role in an institution or profession (members of royal families may use various terms such as king , Queen , duke , or duchess to signify their positions of authority or their relation to
1672-725: The noun and adjective metronymic (first attested in 1868). These are, for example, the forms used in the 2016 The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland . Speakers are in practice likely to use female-line name, or name of "his/her mother" to be both specific and avoid use of technical terms. Some matrilineal communities in South and North-East India, like the Nairs , Bunts and Khasi , have family names which are inherited from their mother. Matronymic names are common in Kerala . Daughters take
1716-581: The possible set of entities to only those for which one or many rigid designators stands for the referent. A designator is rigid when it designates the same thing in every possible world. On the contrary, flaccid designators may designate different things in different possible worlds. As an example, consider the sentence, "Biden is the president of the United States". Both "Biden" and the "United States" are named entities since they refer to specific objects ( Joe Biden and United States ). However, "president"
1760-573: The recovery of a person whose life is in danger, the endangered person's mother is named, the normal formula being "We call upon you to pray for the recovery of "[person's name], son/daughter of [mother's name]". In the 18th century, numerous European nations, such as the Holy Roman Empire , passed laws and issued decrees which mandated that Jews adopt consistent, legal surnames. While this applied to all Jews regardless of gender, for many, their surname came from their mothers, and not their fathers. As
1804-553: The same, for example Suhel Ahmad or Mohammad Suhel are the same. There are many similar names in Islam and Christianity, such as Yosef (Islamic)/Joseph (Christian), Adam/Adam, Dawood/David, Rumana/Romana, Maryam/Mary, Nuh/Noah, etc. The use of personal names is not unique to humans. Dolphins and green-rumped parrotlets also use symbolic names to address contact calls to specific individuals. Individual dolphins have distinctive signature whistles, to which they will respond even when there
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1848-915: The sons of Zeruiah , sister or stepsister of King David – are invariably referred to as "Sons of Zeruiah" and the name of their father remains unknown. Also the Biblical Judge Shamgar is referred to with the matronymic "Son of Anat ". There are indications of a Jewish history of matronymic names. Specifically, in East European Jewish society, there appeared various matronymic family names such as Rivlin (from Rivka / Rebecca ), Sorkin (from Sarah ), Zeitlin (from Zeitl), Rochlin (from Rachel ), Feiglin (from Feige ), Dworkin (from Dvora), and others. In certain Jewish prayers and blessings, matronyms are used, e.g., "Joseph ben (son of) Miriam". Specifically, when people are asked to pray urgently for
1892-535: The stipulation in Catholic exorcism that the demon cannot be expelled until the exorcist has forced it to give up its name, at which point the name may be used in a stern command which will drive the demon away. In the Old Testament , the names of individuals are meaningful, and a change of name indicates a change of status. For example, the patriarch Abram and his wife Sarai were renamed " Abraham " and " Sarah " at
1936-401: The throne). In onomastic terminology, personal names of men are called andronyms (from Ancient Greek ἀνήρ / man, and ὄνομα / name), while personal names of women are called gynonyms (from Ancient Greek γυνή / woman, and ὄνομα / name). Developing a name for a brand or product is heavily influenced by marketing research and strategy to be appealing and marketable. The brand name
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