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25-621: Namazga culture was preceded in the area by the Jeitun culture. It is believed that the Anau culture of Turkmenistan considerably precedes the Namazga culture in the area. Namazga I period (c. 4000–3500 BC), is considered contemporary with Anau IB2 period. Namazga III (c. 3200–2800) as a village settlement in Late Chalcolithic phase, and Namazga IV (c. 2800–2400 BC) as a proto-urban site, both belong to

50-692: A fraction of its former size. Namazga VI in the Late Bronze Age (c. 1800–1500 BC), as part of the Localization Era is characterized by the incursion of nomadic pastoralists from the Alekseyevka culture and/or Srubna culture . There have also been detailed painted potteries located at this site. The following table clarifies the chronology of Namazga culture. 37°22′22″N 59°33′25″E  /  37.37278°N 59.55694°E  / 37.37278; 59.55694 Jeitun Jeitun (Djeitun)

75-457: A type of Persian carpet named after the region. It also has famous sweets made of rice, locally known as Nan-e berenji . The other famous Kermanshahi good is a special kind of oil, locally known as Rüne Dân and globally in Iran known as Roghan Kermanshahi . The Giveh of Kermanshah known as Klash is the highest quality Giveh. Various attractions exist that date from the pre-Islamic era, such as

100-482: Is 525 km. It is the trade center of rich agricultural region that produces grain, rice, vegetable, fruits, and oilseeds, and there are many industrial centers, oil and sugar refineries, and cement, textile and flour factories, etc. The airport ( Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani Airport ) is located in north east of the city, and the distance from Tehran is 413 km by air. Kermanshah Province has 371 km of common border with Iraq.There are five official border markets in

125-573: Is an archaeological site of the Neolithic period in southern Turkmenistan , about 30 kilometers north of Ashgabat in the Kopet-Dag mountain range. The settlement was occupied from about 7200 to 4500 BC possibly with short interruptions. Jeitun has given its name to the whole Neolithic period in the foothills of the Kopet Dag. Jeitun was discovered by Alexander Marushchenko and has been excavated since

150-411: Is another site where Jeitun culture artifacts have been discovered. It is quite important for establishing the regional chronology. Jeitun period of Turkmenistan was followed by the Anau culture . 38°11′16″N 58°20′57″E  /  38.18784839°N 58.34913633°E  / 38.18784839; 58.34913633 Kermanshah Province Kermanshah province ( Persian : استان كرمانشاه )

175-777: Is one of the 31 provinces of Iran , bordering Iraq. Its capital is the city of Kermanshah . According to a 2014 segmentation by the Ministry of Interior , it is the center of Region 4 , with the region's central secretariat located in Kermanshah. A majority of people in the province are Shia , and there are Sunni and Yarsani minority groups. The province has a rich Paleolithic heritage. Many caves with Paleolithic remains have been surveyed or excavated there. some of these cave sites are located in Bisetun and north of Kermanshah. The first known physical remains of Neanderthal man in Iran

200-818: The Afghan attack and the fall of Isfahan , Kermanshah was almost completely destroyed by the Ottoman invasion. During the Iran–Iraq War the province suffered heavy fighting. Most towns and cities were badly damaged and some like Sar-e Pol-e Zahab and Qhasr-e-Shirin were almost completely destroyed. The November 2017 Iran–Iraq earthquake killed more than 600 people. On 28 December 2017, Kermanshah became one of several Iranian provinces to break out into protests. The Supreme Leader of Iran has blamed western interference. Some female organizations such as The National Council of Resistance of Iran ( NCRI ) have taken partial credit for

225-532: The Kohneh Bridge , to contemporary parks and museums. Some of the more popular sites are: One of the renowned scientists and writers of this region is Al-Dinawari who was born at Dinawar north-east of Kermanshah . He lived in the 9th century and has written many books in astronomy , botany and history. Notable people born in Kermansha include British author, Nobel prize winner, Doris Lessing , whose father,

250-434: The 1950s by Boris Kuftin and Mikhail Masson . The site covers an area of about 5,000 square meters. It consists of free-standing houses of a uniform ground plan. The houses were rectangular and had a large fireplace on one side and a niche facing it as well as adjacent yard areas. The floors were covered with lime plaster. The buildings were made of sun-dried cylindrical clay blocks about 70 cm long and 20 cm thick. The clay

275-576: The Late Regionalization Era . Namazga V (c. 2400–2000 BC), is in the Integration Era or the period of "urban revolution" following the Anatolian model with little or no irrigation. Namazga-Tepe emerges as the production and probable governmental center, covering some 60 hectares, with Altyndepe likely a secondary capital. Around 1600 BC, Altyndepe is abandoned, and Namazga-Tepe shrinks to

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300-521: The Levant to Central Asia, via the Zagros Mountains. It is possible that the later Jeitun influence expanded to the south, across the Kopet Dag mountains to Kermanshah Province and Luristan , to the sites such as Tepe Guran , Tepe Sarab , and Ganj Dareh . Jeitun culture may have begun prior to 7000 BC, judging by the age of Sang-i Chakmak , the earliest settlement where such artefacts are found. In

325-410: The capital include Eslamabad-e Gharb , Gilan-e Gharb , Harsin , Javanrud , Kangavar , Paveh , Qasr-e Shirin , Ravansar , Sahneh , Sarpol-e Zahab , and Sonqor . As it is situated between two cold and warm regions, Kermanshah Province enjoys a moderate and mountainous climate. It rains most in winter and is moderately warm in summer. The annual rainfall is 500 mm. The average temperature in

350-590: The city while Tahmores Divband built it. An alternative narrative is that the construction was by Bahram IV of the Sassanid dynasty during the 4th century CE. Kermanshah reached a peak during the reign of Hormizd IV and Khosrau I of Sassanids, before being demoted to a secondary royal residence. The city suffered major damage during the Arab invasions but recovered in the Safavid period to make great progress. Concurrent with

375-671: The fiscal year 2021-22 (ending 20 March), registering a 15% growth compared with the previous year, according to a local official. The province's share in Iran's total exports during the period stood at 10% in terms of tonnage and 12% in value. Kermanshah's share in total exports to Iraq stood at 53% and share in non-oil goods reached 43%. Non-oil exports from Kermanshah mainly include tomato and tomato paste, air conditioners, cheese, industrial oil and their derivatives, biscuit, different types of melon, watermelon, tile and ceramic, plastic bags, marble, yogurt, milk, cream, cucumber, eggplant, apple and melamine dishes. Kermanshah lends its name to

400-479: The following table. According to the 2016 census, 1,468,615 people (over 75% of the population of Kermanshah Province) live in the following cities: Kermanshah Province is located in western Iran. It shares borders with the provinces of Kurdistan , Hamadan , Lorestan , and Ilam within Iran. It also shares borders with the Iraqi governorates of Halabja , Sulaymaniyah and Diyala . Major cities and towns besides

425-615: The head of Archeology Research Center of Iran's Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization announced that the oldest prehistoric village in the Middle East dating back to 9800 B.C., was discovered in Sahneh , located in west of Kermanshah. The monuments found in Kermanshah show two glorious periods, the Achaemenid and Sassanid eras. The mythical ruler of the Pishdadian is described as founding

450-461: The hottest months is above 22 °C. The province's capital is Kermanshah , located in the middle of the western part of Iran. The population of the city is 946,651 as of 2016. It is built on the slopes of Mt. Sefid Kooh and extended toward south during last two decades. The built-up areas run alongside Sarab River and Sarab Valley . The city's elevation averages about 1,350 meters above sea level. The distance between Kermanshah and Tehran

475-518: The oldest evidence of arable farming in Central Asia. Sheep and goats were already domesticated by the villagers, but they also hunted to supplement their diet. The results of the research by David R. Harris show that, in this region, there were none of the wild forms of einkorn or barley that could have been used for domestication, so these were brought from elsewhere already domesticated. The same applies to sheep. The wild goat Capra aegagrus , on

500-502: The organization of these protests. At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 1,842,457 in 444,185 households. By the time of the following census in 2011, there were 1,945,227 people in 530,911 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 1,952,434 in 576,861 households. [REDACTED] The population history and structural changes of Kermanshah Province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in

525-514: The other hand, was widespread in Central Asia and could, therefore, have been domesticated in the area. Various types of the earliest Jeitun artefacts, such as clay figurines, decorated ceramics, and small stone axes, show similarities with those of the early agricultural Neolithic sites in the Zagros Mountains , such as Jarmo (Iraq). This may indicate the movements of the Neolithic people from

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550-596: The province. Three of these neighbor the Kurdish part of Iraq and the other two the Iraqi central government (Khosravi, Sumar). Based on figures from 9 November 2021, with a share of 5.7 to 6 percent Kermanshah province is among the first five exporters of non-oil products of Iran. Around 30 to 35 percent of theses exports were from the province's own products. The highest share of exports belong to Parviz border which neighbors Iraqi Kurdistan followed by Khosravi and Sumar . Exports from Kermanshah Province hit $ 2.7 billion in

575-690: The same area of the Gorgan Plain , other related sites are Yarim Tepe (Iran) , and Tureng Tepe . There are about twenty archaeological sites attributed to the Jeitun culture, and they are found on both sides of the Kopet Dag mountains. They are especially common in the south-west Turkestani foothills of the mountains. The sites extend west as far as Shahrud, Iran , and also east to the Tedjen river that flows north from Afghanistan . Two other early Jeitun sites Chopan and Togolok are located nearby. Monjukli Depe

600-597: Was discovered in Bisitun Cave . Do-Ashkaft Cave , Kobeh, Warwasi , and Mar Tarik are some of the Middle Paleolithic sites in the region. Kermanshah also has many Neolithic sites, of which the most well-known are Ganj Dareh , Sarab , and Asiab. At Ganj Dareh , the earliest evidence for goat domestication have been documented. In May 2009, based on a research conducted by the University of Hamedan and UCL ,

625-638: Was mixed with finely chopped straw. There were about 30 houses that could have accommodated about 150–200 persons. Clay figurines found in Mehrgarh (Pakistan), an important precursor to the Indus Valley Civilization , resemble those discovered at Teppe Zagheh , and at Jeitun. The people of the Jeitun culture were growing barley and two sorts of wheat , which were harvested with wooden or bone knives or sickles with stone blades. Stone handmills and other stone tools were found. The site seems to show

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