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26-438: According to a statement in a manuscript now at The National Library of Medicine , Nakhshabi himself transcribed and illustrated a Persian translation made of a Hindi version of a Sanskrit treatise on sexual hygiene. There are 5 full-page miniatures painted in a variety of opaque watercolors with gilt and two half or three-quarter miniatures, all of a provincial Mughal style typical of north-west India, especially Kashmir , in

52-408: A context in which many disparate individual pieces of reported research can be organized. BLAST is an algorithm used for calculating sequence similarity between biological sequences, such as nucleotide sequences of DNA and amino acid sequences of proteins. BLAST is a powerful tool for finding sequences similar to the query sequence within the same organism or in different organisms. It searches

78-471: A molecular and cellular point of view, research methods, and virology . Some of the books are online versions of previously published books, while others, such as Coffee Break , are written and edited by NCBI staff. The Bookshelf is a complement to the Entrez PubMed repository of peer-reviewed publication abstracts in that Bookshelf contents provide established perspectives on evolving areas of study and

104-756: A parrot ( tuti in Persian) and a nightingale (sharak) to a woman in order to keep her away from a lover while her husband, a traveling merchant, was absent. For treatises attributed to him, see Fateme Keshavarz, A Descriptive and Analytical Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the Library of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine (London: Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, 1986), pp 377–378 no 211 and pp 633–634 no 450. This biography related to medicine in Iran

130-538: A series of databases relevant to biotechnology and biomedicine and is an important resource for bioinformatics tools and services. Major databases include GenBank for DNA sequences and PubMed , a bibliographic database for biomedical literature. Other databases include the NCBI Epigenomics database. All these databases are available online through the Entrez search engine. NCBI was directed by David Lipman , one of

156-826: A uniform information model and retrieval system which can efficiently retrieve that relevant references, sequences, and structures. Gene has been implemented at NCBI to characterize and organize the information about genes. It serves as a major node in the nexus of the genomic map, expression, sequence, protein function, structure, and homology data. A unique GeneID is assigned to each gene record that can be followed through revision cycles. Gene records for known or predicted genes are established here and are demarcated by map positions or nucleotide sequences. Gene has several advantages over its predecessor, LocusLink, including, better integration with other databases in NCBI, broader taxonomic scope, and enhanced options for query and retrieval provided by

182-489: Is a chemical database of over 400,000 chemicals complete with names, synonyms, and structures . It includes links to NLM and other databases and resources, including links to federal, state and international agencies. The Toxicology and Environmental Health Program was established at the National Library of Medicine in 1967 and is charged with developing computer databases compiled from the medical literature and from

208-759: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . National Library of Medicine The United States National Library of Medicine ( NLM ), operated by the United States federal government , is the world's largest medical library . Located in Bethesda, Maryland , the NLM is an institute within the National Institutes of Health . Its collections include more than seven million books , journals , technical reports , manuscripts , microfilms , photographs , and images on medicine and related sciences, including some of

234-464: Is a sequence similarity searching program. BLAST can do sequence comparisons against the GenBank DNA database in less than 15 seconds. The NCBI Bookshelf is a collection of freely accessible, downloadable, online versions of selected biomedical books. The Bookshelf covers a wide range of topics including molecular biology , biochemistry , cell biology , genetics , microbiology , disease states from

260-444: Is both an indexing and retrieval system having data from various sources for biomedical research. NCBI distributed the first version of Entrez in 1991, composed of nucleotide sequences from PDB and GenBank , protein sequences from SWISS-PROT, translated GenBank, PIR, PRF, PDB, and associated abstracts and citations from PubMed. Entrez is specially designed to integrate the data from several different sources, databases, and formats into

286-991: Is produced by the United States Department of Health and Human Services , Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Office of Planning and Emergency Operations, in cooperation with the National Library of Medicine , Division of Specialized Information Services, with subject matter experts from the National Cancer Institute , the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , and many U.S. and international consultants. The Extramural Division provides grants to support research in medical information science and to support planning and development of computer and communications systems in medical institutions. Research, publications, and exhibitions on

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312-471: The 18th century. No other particulars are known of Nakhshabi. There are, however, a number of other Persian manuscripts which associate the name Ziya' Nakhshabi or Dhiya' al-Din Nakhshabi with versions of this ultimately Sanskrit treatise on sexual hygiene. And he is also known to have edited and added his own verses to a Persian translation called Tutinama of a Sanskrit collection of 52 tales narrated by

338-557: The Entrez system. Protein database maintains the text record for individual protein sequences, derived from many different resources such as NCBI Reference Sequence (RefSeq) project, GenBank, PDB, and UniProtKB/SWISS-Prot. Protein records are present in different formats including FASTA and XML and are linked to other NCBI resources. Protein provides the relevant data to the users such as genes, DNA/RNA sequences, biological pathways, expression and variation data, and literature. It also provides

364-931: The Gene database, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man , the Molecular Modeling Database (3D protein structures), dbSNP (a database of single-nucleotide polymorphisms ), the Reference Sequence Collection, a map of the human genome , and a taxonomy browser, and coordinates with the National Cancer Institute to provide the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project. The NCBI assigns a unique identifier (taxonomy ID number) to each species of organism. The NCBI has software tools that are available through internet browsers or by FTP . For example, BLAST

390-597: The Internet through the Entrez search engine and Lister Hill National Center For Biomedical Communications . As the United States National Release Center for SNOMED CT , NLM provides SNOMED CT data and resources to licensees of the NLM UMLS Metathesaurus. NLM maintains ClinicalTrials.gov registry for human interventional and observational studies. Additionally NLM runs ChemIDplus, which

416-728: The Library of the Surgeon General's Office and the Army Medical Museum often shared quarters. From 1866 to 1887, they were housed in Ford's Theatre after production there was stopped, following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln . In 1956, the library collection was transferred from the control of the U.S. Department of Defense to the Public Health Service of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and renamed

442-594: The National Library of Medicine, through the instrumentality of Frank Bradway Rogers , who was the director from 1956 to 1963. The library moved to its current quarters in Bethesda, Maryland , on the campus of the National Institutes of Health, in 1962. Directors from 1945 to present Since 1879, the National Library of Medicine has published the Index Medicus , a monthly guide to articles, in nearly five thousand selected journals. The last issue of Index Medicus

468-494: The better understanding of processes affecting human health and disease. National Center for Biotechnology Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI ) is part of the (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States . The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland , and was founded in 1988 through legislation sponsored by US Congressman Claude Pepper . The NCBI houses

494-675: The files of governmental and nongovernmental organizations. The program has implemented several information systems for chemical emergency response and public education, such as the Toxicology Data Network , TOXMAP , Tox Town , Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders , Toxmystery, and the Household Products Database . These resources are accessible without charge on the internet. The United States National Library of Medicine Radiation Emergency Management System provides: Radiation Emergency Management System

520-646: The history of medicine and the life sciences also are supported by the History of Medicine Division. In April 2008 the current exhibition Against the Odds: Making a Difference in Global Health was launched. National Center for Biotechnology Information is an intramural division within National Library of Medicine that creates public databases in molecular biology, conducts research in computational biology , develops software tools for analyzing molecular and genomic data, and disseminates biomedical information, all for

546-546: The hits found, a table with sequence identifiers for the hits having scoring related data, along with the alignments for the sequence of interest and the hits received with analogous BLAST scores for these. The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is used at NCBI for all the major databases such as Nucleotide and Protein Sequences, Protein Structures, PubMed, Taxonomy, Complete Genomes, OMIM, and several others. Entrez

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572-730: The original authors of the BLAST sequence alignment program and a widely respected figure in bioinformatics . NCBI had responsibility for making available the GenBank DNA sequence database since 1992. GenBank coordinates with individual laboratories and other sequence databases, such as those of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ). Since 1992, NCBI has grown to provide other databases in addition to GenBank. NCBI provides

598-546: The predetermined sets of similar and identical proteins for each sequence as computed by the BLAST. The Structure database of NCBI contains 3D coordinate sets for experimentally-determined structures in PDB that are imported by NCBI. The Conserved Domain database ( CDD ) of protein contains sequence profiles that characterize highly conserved domains within protein sequences. It also has records from external resources like SMART and Pfam . There

624-459: The query sequence on NCBI databases and servers and posts the results back to the person's browser in the chosen format. Input sequences to the BLAST are mostly in FASTA or GenBank format while output could be delivered in a variety of formats such as HTML, XML formatting, and plain text. HTML is the default output format for NCBI's web-page. Results for NCBI-BLAST are presented in graphical format with all

650-666: The world's oldest and rarest works. The current acting director of the NLM is Stephen Sherry . The precursor of the National Library of Medicine, established in 1836, was the Library of the Surgeon General's Office , a part of the office of the Surgeon General of the United States Army . The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and its Medical Museum were founded in 1862 as the Army Medical Museum . Throughout their history

676-547: Was printed in December 2004, but this information is offered in the freely accessible PubMed , among the more than fifteen million MEDLINE journal article references and abstracts going back to the 1960s and 1.5 million references going back to the 1950s. The National Library of Medicine runs the National Center for Biotechnology Information , which houses biological databases (PubMed among them) that are freely accessible on

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