Nagao clan ( 長尾氏 , Nagao-shi ) was a Japanese samurai clan.
22-667: The Nagao clan descend from military lord Taira no Yoshifumi , of the Kammu Heishi ( Taira clan ), and from the Emperor Kammu (735–806), the 50th Emperor of Japan. They are one of the 'Bando Hachi Heishi', the 'eight Taira clans of Kanto region ' (the Chiba, Miura, Nagao, Kazusa, Doi, Chichibu, Oba, and Kajiwara clans, respectively). The family name of Nagao began when Kagehiro, settled at Nagao no sho estate, in Sagami Province , and took
44-504: Is anonymous. Several theories of authorship have been put forward: one argues that the compiler was Minamoto no Takakuni , author of Uji Dainagon Monogatari ; another suggests the Buddhist monk Tobane Sōjō, and a third one proposes a Buddhist monk living somewhere in the vicinity of Kyoto or Nara during the late Heian period. So far no substantive evidence has emerged to decide the question and no general consensus has formed. The date of
66-488: Is disputed whether this refers to Muraoka in Kamakura, Sagami Province (present-day Fujisawa , Kanagawa Prefecture ) or Ōsato , Musashi Province (present-day Kumagaya , Saitama Prefecture ). When his father Takamochi was sent to the east in 898, the sons of his official wife, Taira no Kunika , Taira no Yoshikane , and Taira no Yoshimochi , followed him, but as the son of his concubine, Yoshifumi, did not. In 923, at
88-556: Is named. The Konjaku Monogatarishū is commonly known by the shorter name " Konjaku Monogatari ". Since it is an anthology rather than a single tale, however, the longer title is more accurate. The Konjaku Monogatarishū is divided according to the region of the text. The first five volumes, the 天竺 ( Tenjiku ) section, contain tales set in India. The next five volumes, the 震旦 ( Shintan ) section, contain tales set in China. The remainder of
110-411: Is said to have first reported about the death of Masakado, as Taira no Yoshifumi and that he had in fact been on the opposing side of Masakado. Furthermore, according to Genpei Tōjōroku , he was adopted by Masakado, his nephew, and became his heir. In Konjaku Monogatari , Yoshifumi is seen fighting against Minamoto no Atsuru . Yoshifumi was called the "father of Musashi Plain development," and
132-631: The Jōhei Tengyō War are unknown. However, it is speculated that he may have been in Muraoka in Musashi Province or in Sagami Province and fought on Masakado's side. Taira no Shigemori , who opposed Masakado, was called "a mortal enemy" by his son Tadayori, and it is therefore assumed that Yoshifumi was a close associate of Masakado. However, there is a theory that identifies a "Taira no Yoshi", who
154-643: The Konjaku Monogatarishū : a famous example is Akutagawa Ryūnosuke 's In a Grove (well known in the West from Kurosawa 's film Rashomon ). Other authors who have written stories based on tales from the Konjaku include Jun'ichirō Tanizaki and Hori Tatsuo . The setsuwa ("spoken story") in Konjaku Monogatari Shū has two main purposes: religious and secular. The religious aspect is important in leading
176-492: The "father of Musashi Plain development," the eight Taira clans of East Japan are said to have descended from him. He was also known as Muraoka Gorō . Yoshifumi was born in Kyoto , the fifth son of Taira no Takamochi (Prince Takamochi). He was the great-great-grandson of Emperor Kanmu . Yoshifumi is said to have been a brave warlord with a gentle appearance. He was also known as Muraoka Gorō, which derives from Muraoka, though it
198-596: The Chinese, Buddhism then travels to Japan. Each move leads to a morphing of the basics of this religion so by that time it arrived in Japan, it became a new form of Buddhism for the Japanese. The subject-matter is largely drawn from Buddhist and popular folklore . The anthology contains no mythology , and references to Shinto -related themes are notably few. The Buddhist tales cover a wide range of topics; both historical tales about
220-533: The age of 36, Yoshifumi received an imperial edict from Emperor Daigo to "quench the bandits in Sagami Province" and went to the east region to defeat them. In 940, the death of Taira no Masakado was reported to the capital in Geki Nikki , indicating that Yoshifumi had joined the side of Fujiwara no Hidesato and Taira no Sadamori . There is no mention of Yoshifumi in Shōmonki , and his detailed movements during
242-573: The animals and through the utilization of these anthropomorphic animals, the authorship was more effectively able to communicate the various motifs, which impart a variety of moral teachings. To be able to implement such a paradigm, the authorship would have utilized pre-conceived common traits which were attributable to specific animals. The animals and their respective traits would have been common and implicit knowledge in ancient Japan and therefore known ubiquitously. The types of tales in Konjaku which include
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#1732852750962264-413: The anthology, the 本朝 ( Honchō ) section, contains tales from Japan. It is important to note that the arrangement of the stories is in parallel to how Buddhism travelled to Japan. The collection emphasizes the path that Buddhism took to Japan in order to further understand what Buddhism means to Japan. First, Buddhism leaves India and becomes very popular in China. As many things have been borrowed from
286-506: The clan built and controlled Kasugayama Castle and the surrounding fief, in what is now Niigata Prefecture . Nagao Kagetora, adopted by Uesugi Norimasa , became lord of Kasugayama castle in 1548, taking the name Uesugi Kenshin and effectively becoming the head of the Uesugi clan. Taira no Yoshifumi Taira no Yoshifumi (平 良文) was a samurai and military lord of the Heian period . Called
308-465: The development, transmission and spread of Buddhism along with dogmatic tales which emphasize karmic retribution. The folkloric tales mostly depict encounters between human beings and the supernatural. The typical characters are drawn from Japanese society of the time — nobility, warriors, monks, scholars, doctors, peasant farmers, fishermen, merchants, prostitutes, bandits, beggars, widows. Their supernatural counterparts are oni and tengu . The work
330-609: The eight Taira clans of Bandō (East Japan) are all listed in The Tale of the Heike and other works as descendants of Yoshifumi. Regardless of whether this is all true, his role in the development of Musashi Plain was by all means essential. As Yoshifumi does not appear in Shōmonki , and because there is contradictory information regarding the genealogy of the eight Bandō Taira clans in Sonpi Bunmyaku , there are also historians who point out
352-464: The form of literary critique, which can be studied to reconstruct the objects of their critique to some extent. Each tale in the Konjaku Monogatarishū starts with the phrase once upon a time ( 今は昔 ) (lit. now long ago), which in its Japanese reading is pronounced ima wa mukashi . The Sino-Japanese reading of this phrase is konjaku , and it is from the Chinese-style reading that the collection
374-924: The name of the place. The Nagao were the Kasai (Head retainers) of the Uesugi clan , and were the Shugodai (vice-Governors) of Echigo, Kozuke , and Musashi provinces. The Kamakura Nagao branch, was called the Kamakura Nagao because they lived in Kamakura. This branch of the clan were the lords of Kanno castle. A junior member of the Kamakura Nagao, Nagao Masanaga settled in the Koshigeyama area, and became lord of Tatebayashi castle. The Shirai Nagao branch were Shugodai (vice-Governors) of Kozuke and Musashi provinces and lords of Aomi, Hachigata and Shirai castles. The Echigo Nagao branch were Shugodai of Echigo province . This branch of
396-636: The possibility of clans that had no relation to Taira no Takamochi to have used a deceptive name. Konjaku Monogatarish%C5%AB Konjaku Monogatarishū ( 今昔物語集 , lit. Anthology of Tales Old and New ) , also known as the Konjaku Monogatari ( 今昔物語 ) , is a Japanese collection of over one thousand tales written during the late Heian period (794–1185). The entire collection was originally contained in 31 volumes, of which 28 remain today. The volumes cover various tales from India , China and Japan . Detailed evidence of lost monogatari exist in
418-647: The reader into a deeper understanding of Buddhism and what it means to the Japanese people . These stories try to appeal to average people of the time by presenting Buddhism in a simple yet meaningful way, one that people from any background can understand. In these tales both the reward for faith and the punishment for sin will be immediate. The secular aspect of these tales is that they can entertain an audience as well as provide enjoyment for an individual reader. A cryptic line in Akutagawa's classic short story " Rashōmon " says 「旧記の記者の語を借りれば、『頭身の毛も太る』ように感じたのである。」 ( To borrow
440-399: The use of anthropomorphic animals can be broadly classified into categories, in which a particular moral is accentuated. Many of the tales which appear in the Konjaku are also found in other collections, such as ghost story collections. All these tales, having passed into the common consciousness, have been retold many times over the succeeding centuries. Modern writers have adapted tales from
462-614: The work is also uncertain. From the events depicted in some of the tales it seems likely that it was written down at some point during the early half of the 12th century, after the year 1120. The oldest extant copy of the Konjaku Monogatarishū is the Suzuka Manuscript ( 鈴鹿家旧蔵本 ). Designated as a National Treasure in 1996, it was assembled by a Shinto priest named Tsuretane Suzuka in the Kamakura period (1185–1333). The manuscript
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#1732852750962484-409: Was then brought to Kyoto University by a descendant who was a librarian at the university for donation and archiving. The manuscript has been scanned and made available in digital format on the internet. In this work, specific human traits and characteristics such as the ability to think, feel and speak in a human form of cognition are assigned to various types of animals. By assigning human traits to
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