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19-518: Naarden was granted its city rights in 1300 (the only town in the Gooi with these rights) and later developed into a fortified garrison town with a textile industry. In 1572, the city was sacked and burnt down, and only 60 people survived the Massacre of Naarden . The massacre was committed by Spanish soldiers against the townspeople of Naarden as part of a punitive expedition against Dutch rebels later known as

38-411: A massacre of some 700 inhabitants who had gathered to hear a peace proposal. The Spanish then fired on the assembled citizens, and went on to set fire to the town. A plaque above the lintel of the door and below the eaves commemorates the massacre. In 1615, after the population had reestablished itself, they built the city hall on the site. Part of the building was given over to De Waag (The Scales House),

57-698: Is a railway station in the north of Bussum , Netherlands that also serves the neighboring community of Naarden . The station has two standard platforms. It has a total of two tracks. The station was opened on 10 June 1874. The station is on the Amsterdam - Hilversum - Amersfoort line, known as the Gooilijn . The station was also used as a tram station for the Bussum - Huizen tram service from 1883 to 1958. The following train services call at Naarden-Bussum: The following bus services call at Station Naarden-Bussum. These depart from

76-708: Is called the Great Church or St. Vitus Church. The Great Church ( Grote Kerk ) in Marktstraat dates from the 15th century. Prior to the Protestant Reformation it was named for St. Vitus . It is one of the oldest surviving churches in The Netherlands, having had the good fortune to survive the Spanish invasion of 1572 and the subsequent burning of the town. The church has numerous wooden vaults painted with scenes from

95-565: Is located in the municipality of Gooise Meren in the west of the Netherlands . It is situated in the Gooi region in the southeast of the province of North Holland . Naarden is the home of the Dutch Fortress Museum ( Nederlands Vestingmuseum ). Naarden hosts the bi-annual Naarden Photo Festival and, on Good Friday , a performance of Bach 's St. Matthew Passion in the local church, which

114-539: Is not relevant, so there are some very small cities. The smallest is Staverden in the Netherlands, with 40 inhabitants. In Belgium, Durbuy is the smallest city, whilst the smallest in Luxembourg is Vianden . When forced by financial problems, feudal landlords offered for sale privileges to settlements from around 1000. The total package of these comprises town privileges . Such sales raised (non-recurrent) revenue for

133-451: The Old and New Testaments . These were hidden for many years and only rediscovered in a recent restoration. The church is the venue for a number of cultural activities such as organ music nights and the bi-annual Naarden Photo festival. The Spanish House ( Spaanse Huis ), situated at Turfpoortstraat 27, was originally a church building converted to house migrants. In 1572 Spanish troops conducted

152-750: The Spanish Fury . The destruction of the city galvanized the Dutch rebels, leading them to continue the Dutch War of Independence against Spain. Naarden is an example of a star fort , complete with fortified walls and a moat . The moat and walls have been restored on numerous occasions, most notably during the French era (1795-1814). After the Battle of Leipzig (1813) , the Netherlands were liberated by an allied force of Dutch, Prussian and Russian armies. During this period, Naarden

171-500: The 18th century and today it is smaller than its neighbour Bussum . The city's distinctive shape made it a rallying point for Allied bombers returning to England after raids on Germany. Naarden was a separate municipality until 2015. On 1 January 2016, the municipality of Naarden merged with Muiden and Bussum to form the new municipality of Gooise Meren . The company Stork B.V. had its head office in Naarden. The city of Naarden

190-465: The German Nation . A liege lord , usually a count , duke or similar member of the high nobility, granted to a town or village he owned certain town privileges that places without city rights did not have. In Belgium , Luxembourg , and the Netherlands , a town, often proudly, calls itself a city if it obtained a complete package of city rights at some point in its history. Its current population

209-526: The authority they had previously had: law-making and the judiciary had become part of the state . After the Constitution of 1848 and the Municipal Law of 1851, the differences between the legal privileges of cities, towns, and villages were permanently erased. In the early 19th century, when several important towns (especially The Hague ) wanted to call themselves cities, the custom of granting city status

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228-555: The development and centralization of a national government. In the Netherlands the last city to receive real city rights (as defined above) was Willemstad in 1586. During the Dutch Republic , only Blokzijl gained city rights (in 1672). After the Batavian Revolution in 1795, municipalities were styled after the French model and city rights were abolished by law. Although partially restored after 1813, cities did not fully regain

247-619: The feudal lords, in exchange for the loss of power. Over time, the landlords sold more and more privileges. This resulted in a shift of power within the counties and duchies in the Low Countries from the aristocracy to the bourgeoisie, starting in Flanders . Some of these cities even developed into city-states . The growing economic and military power concentrating in the cities led to a very powerful class of well-to-do merchants and traders. Privileges Freedoms Governance Note several of

266-530: The following were first granted city rights during the medieval period. The first community in the contemporary Kingdom of the Netherlands to receive city rights was Deventer in 956. It can be argued that some cities have older rights: for instance Nijmegen may have been granted city status during the Roman Empire . Another case is Voorburg , which is built on the site of the Roman settlement Forum Hadriani and

285-586: The municipal office entrusted with the verification of weights and measures. The building later served a French garrison as a bakery, turning out over 1000 loaves per day. From 1967 until 1992 it served as the Comenius museum. Today, the historic building serves as the Weegschaal Museum. John Amos Comenius is buried in a mausoleum on Klooster straat. This receives many visitors from the Czech Republic , where he

304-418: Was besieged for months since the French commander didn't believe that Napoleon was captured. In May 1814, the French soldiers left the city in a retreat with honour (see Siege of Naarden (1813–1814) . John Amos Comenius , 17th century Moravian born Czech educator was buried in the city, and his mausoleum is open to visitors. Despite its earlier importance, Naarden's population was surpassed by Hilversum in

323-581: Was born. Comenius is known as the inventor of our school system with grades and different classes. The nearest station is Naarden-Bussum railway station , which has services to Almere , Amersfoort , Amsterdam and Utrecht . Islands: City rights in the Netherlands City rights are a feature of the medieval history of the Low Countries , and, more generally, the Holy Roman Empire of

342-527: Was briefly revived. The last grant of city status in the Netherlands was to Delfshaven in 1825. But the city status granted during this period was quite different from the privileges bestowed in the Middle Ages, and were merely symbolic. This is also the case for cities such as The Hague and Assen , which received their status during the Napoleonic period. Naarden-Bussum railway station Naarden-Bussum

361-512: Was granted city status in about AD 151, but was abandoned in the late 3rd century: thus the current settlement is not considered an uninterrupted continuation of the Roman city. At the end of the Middle Ages , the number of grants of city status fell dramatically. The strong position of merchants and traders allowed the Netherlands to become the first modern republic in the 16th century. The institution of city status gradually came to an end with

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