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128-637: NYPD Blue is an American police procedural television series set in New York City, exploring the struggles of the fictional 15th Precinct detective squad in Manhattan . Each episode typically intertwines several plots involving an ensemble cast . The show was created by Steven Bochco and David Milch , and was inspired by Milch's relationship with Bill Clark , a former member of the New York City Police Department who eventually became one of

256-459: A leave of absence to grieve the loss of Simone). Arriving to replace them are Det. Baldwin Jones (played by Henry Simmons ), Det. Connie McDowell (played by Charlotte Ross ), and Lt. Tony Rodriguez (played by Esai Morales ). Also arriving in season eight was new full-time ADA Valerie Haywood (played by Garcelle Beauvais-Nilon ). At the end of season eight, Sorenson is approached by the owners of

384-410: A retrospective broadcast aired the same night as the last episode, the controversy was not limited to what was on the screen. David Milch , the show's co-creator and head writer, was a controversial figure on the set during the seven years he was with the show. His working style and tendency to procrastinate or make last-minute, on-set changes contributed to a frustrating working environment for some of

512-498: A Drama Series ; Kim Delaney won for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series ; Gordon Clapp won for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series ; Shirley Knight and Debra Monk each won for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series and Paris Barclay won twice for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series . It has received thirteen Golden Globe Award nominations, with David Caruso , Franz and Jimmy Smits each winning for Best Actor – Television Series Drama and

640-446: A cappella groups is to simulate an instrumental rhythm section, often alongside a vocal percussionist or beatboxer . Some notable vocal bass artists are Tim Foust , Adam Chance , Bobby McFerrin , Al Jarreau , Reggie Watts , Alvin Chea , Joe Santoni , Avi Kaplan , Matt Sallee , Chris Morey , Geoff Castellucci . Many hip hop artists and rappers use scat singing to come up with

768-432: A divorce from his wife, Laura, and is embarking on an affair with a uniformed cop, Janice Licalsi. To complicate matters further, Licalsi's police-officer father is on the payroll of mob boss Angelo Marino. Licalsi, in an attempt to protect her father, has been ordered to do a "hit" on Kelly. Instead, Licalsi murders Marino, and the repercussions come back to haunt both Kelly and her. Sipowicz, meanwhile, sobers up and begins

896-399: A drinking problem. After much prompting, she begins attending Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). In another storyline, due to his low self-esteem and disbelief that a woman like Donna could love him, Medavoy's relationship with her breaks down, due in no small part to Donna's visiting sister. At the beginning of the season, Sylvia becomes pregnant with Andy's child. A baby boy, Theo, is born towards

1024-427: A fellow cop ended disastrously, and tells Medavoy (Martinez's partner and the squad gossip) that she is gay. After James is shot, recovers, and returns to work, and Lesniak and he get to know each other, she admits that the story she told Medavoy was a lie. Martinez later breaks up with her due to her controlling and unpleasant behavior, and Lesniak eventually leaves the squad. Medavoy leaves his wife, recognizing that she

1152-520: A kind of musical parity" and are "at times so close in timbre and so inextricably interwoven within the music's fabric as to be nearly indistinguishable." Dick Higgins likewise attributes scat singing to traditions of sound poetry in African-American music. In West African music , it is typical to convert drum rhythms into vocal melodies; common rhythmic patterns are assigned specific syllabic translations. However, this theory fails to account for

1280-463: A longer sentence, he is transferred out of the 15th to working as a dispatcher and subsequently chooses to leave the department altogether. He is replaced by Bobby Simone , a widower whose previous job was that of driver for the police commissioner. This does not sit well with Sipowicz, but after learning that Simone took the assignment to be present for his wife, who was suffering from cancer, Sipowicz learns to accept his new partner and eventually builds

1408-448: A low crime precinct, who is enraged that his son chose to join the 15th Precinct to work with Andy. Season nine also has the introduction of Det. Rita Ortiz (played by Jacqueline Obradors ). Two other actresses were first cast in roles as young, Latina detectives who were intended to be regular cast members; one was dropped in the pre-filming process over creative differences, and Vanessa Marcil made an appearance as Det. Maria Olivera in

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1536-485: A major creative force during the years he worked on the show; he won two Emmy Awards for his writing, shared another as executive producer, and shared in a further 10 nominations for his writing and production. NYPD Blue has won 84 out of 285 award nominations. The series has garnered 84 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, winning 20 of them. Of the 20 wins, the series won the award for Outstanding Drama Series ; Dennis Franz won four times for Outstanding Lead Actor in

1664-461: A more original approach. Still others, like Eddie Sullivan's and Charlie Schmidt's Radio Patrol and Will Gould's Red Barry , steered a middle course. One of the best post- Tracy procedural comics was Kerry Drake , written and created by Allen Saunders and illustrated by Alfred Andriola . It diverged from the metropolitan settings used in Tracy to tell the story of the titular Chief Investigator for

1792-627: A necessary decision made in the general interest . A report by Color of Change Hollywood and the USC Annenberg Norman Lear Center revealed that police procedural shows were normalizing unjust practices such as illegal searches , surveillance , coercion , intimidation , violence , abuse , and racism . Criticisms have been raised against the genre for its unrealistic depiction of crime. Particularly, police procedurals have been accused of possessing an unrealistic preoccupation with incidents such as homicide and terrorism . In

1920-417: A relationship with ADA Sylvia Costas . The other detective in the squad, Greg Medavoy , a married man, embarks on an affair with the squad's new administrative aide, Donna Abandando. Licalsi is found guilty of the manslaughter of Marino and his driver, and is given a two-year sentence. Because of Kelly's involvement with Licalsi, and the widely held belief that he withheld evidence that could have given her

2048-513: A rookie police officer learns to cope with the physical, emotional, and mental stresses of law enforcement during her first patrol assignment. With superheroes having long dominated the comic book market, there have been some recent attempts to integrate elements of the police procedural into the universe of costumed crime-fighters. Gotham Central , for example, depicts a group of police detectives operating in Batman 's Gotham City , and suggested that

2176-572: A similar British TV series, Fabian of the Yard , Creasey decided to try a more down-to-earth series of cop stories. Adopting the pseudonym "J.J. Marric", he wrote Gideon's Day , 1955, in which George Gideon , a high-ranking detective at Scotland Yard, spends a busy day supervising his subordinates' investigations into several unrelated crimes. This novel was the first in a series of more than twenty books which brought Creasey his best critical notices. One entry, Gideon's Fire , 1961, won an Edgar Award from

2304-561: A slightly fictionalized New York City, have been filmed in settings outside New York, even outside the US. Akira Kurosawa 's 1963 film, High and Low , based on McBain's King's Ransom (1959), is set in Yokohama . Without Apparent Motive (1972), set on the French Riviera , is based on McBain's Ten Plus One (1963). Claude Chabrol 's Les Liens de Sang (1978), based on Blood Relatives (1974),

2432-454: A song a flavor." Morton also once boasted, "Tony Jackson and myself were using scat for novelty back in 1906 and 1907 when Louis Armstrong was still in the orphan's home." Don Redman and Fletcher Henderson also featured scat vocals in their 1925 recording of "My Papa Doesn't Two-Time No Time" five months prior to Armstrong's 1926 recording of "Heebie Jeebies." It was Armstrong's February 1926 performance of "Heebie Jeebies," however, that

2560-489: A strip club to work for them providing information. Still reeling from Russell's abruptly ending their brief affair, he accepts the offer. After reporting to Lt. Rodriguez, Sorenson goes undercover, but then goes missing, after a stripper he was seeing turns up dead in his apartment (though not by his doing). The Sorenson character was written out at the start of season nine , at Schroder's request; he wanted to spend more time with his family. Season nine initially tied-in with

2688-517: A strong focus on the lead character, but the novels have always included subordinate members of his staff as supporting characters. Simenon, who had been a journalist covering police investigations before creating Maigret, gave the appearance of an accurate depiction of law enforcement in Paris. Simenon influenced later European procedural writers, such as Sweden's Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö , and Baantjer . Perhaps ranking just behind McBain in importance to

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2816-443: A strong friendship with him. When Sipowicz's relationship with Sylvia leads to marriage, he asks Simone to be his best man. After an affair with a journalist whom he suspects has used information that he disclosed to her after an intimate moment to boost her career, Simone begins a relationship with another new member of the squad, Diane Russell . Sipowicz, as a recovering alcoholic, recognizes from Russell's behavior that she also has

2944-509: A subsequent infection caused by complications from a heart transplant . Smits was replaced by Rick Schroder , as Det. Danny Sorenson . Two additional critical incidents occur during season six , the heroin overdose death of PAA Dolores Mayo (played by Lola Glaudini ), and the death of Costas, who is accidentally gunned down by Mayo's distraught father at the trial of the suspect accused in Mayo's death. Costas's final words to Sipowicz, "Take care of

3072-484: A world-wide hit with the song " Scatman (Ski Ba Bop Ba Dop Bop) " in 1994. Vocal improviser Bobby McFerrin 's performances have shown that "wordless singing has traveled far from the concepts demonstrated by Louis Armstrong, Gladys Bentley, Cab Calloway, Anita O'Day, and Leo Watson." Vocal bass is a form of scat singing that is intended to vocally simulate instrumental basslines that are typically performed by bass players. A technique most commonly used by bass singers in

3200-540: Is Hillary Waugh 's Last Seen Wearing... 1952. Even earlier examples from the 20th century, predating Treat, include the novels Vultures in the Dark , 1925, and The Borrowed Shield , 1925, by Richard Enright , retired New York City Police Commissioner , Harness Bull , 1937, and Homicide , 1937, by former Southern California police officer Leslie T. White , P.C. Richardson's First Case , 1933, by Sir Basil Thomson , former Assistant Commissioner of Scotland Yard , and

3328-424: Is a deeply negative, misogynist , homophobic bigot. In the pilot, Sipowicz is shot by a suspect he had attacked and humiliated earlier. This leads to his decision to sober up and save his job. While Sipowicz is recuperating, the squad's lieutenant, Arthur Fancy, teams Kelly with a young cop from Anticrime, James Martinez. Kelly's personal life is as frenetic as his professional life. He is reluctantly going through

3456-490: Is also a key element in vocal jazz improvisation. Syllable choice influences the pitch, articulation , coloration, and resonance of the performance. Syllable choice also differentiated jazz singers' personal styles: Betty Carter was inclined to use sounds like "louie-ooie-la-la-la" (soft-tongued sounds or liquids) while Sarah Vaughan would prefer "shoo-doo-shoo-bee-ooo-bee" ( fricatives , plosives , and open vowels ). The choice of scat syllables can also be used to reflect

3584-438: Is considered the turning point for the medium. From the 1926 recording of "Heebie Jeebies" arose the techniques that would form the foundation of modern scat. In a possibly apocryphal story, Armstrong claimed that, when he was recording "Heebie Jeebies" with his band The Hot Five , his sheet music fell off the stand and onto the ground. Not knowing the lyrics to the song, he invented a gibberish melody to fill time, expecting

3712-403: Is considered to be a male-dominant genre which very often portrays the masculine hero dedicated to the professional realm. The introduction of women as protagonists is commonly attributed to either adding sexual appeal , introducing gendered issues like investigating sex crimes , or delving into the personal relationships of the characters. It also often portrays rape myths , such as that rape

3840-522: Is holding him back, but it is too late to save his relationship with Donna, who leaves to take a job with Apple in California. During the next two seasons, a few minor cast changes are made: Donna is replaced by several PAAs, most notably by Gina Colon (played by Lourdes Benedicto ), who eventually marries Martinez and is written out; and Det. Jill Kirkendall (played by Andrea Thompson ) is partnered with Russell. Sipowicz's battle with prostate cancer and

3968-434: Is less to show how cops work on the job, than how the job works on cops. It is difficult to disentangle the early roots of the procedural from its forebear, the traditional detective novel, which often featured a police officer as protagonist. By and large, the better known novelists such as Ngaio Marsh produced work that falls more squarely into the province of the traditional or "cozy" detective novel. Nevertheless, some of

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4096-405: Is more often committed by strangers rather than a known acquaintance of the victim, that the majority of rape claims are false, and that rapes only happen to "bad girls". The portrayal of the criminal justice system also under-represents issues of race and institutional racism . A report by Color of Change Hollywood and the USC Annenberg Norman Lear Center identified that in these shows there

4224-745: Is often cited as the first modern song to employ scatting, there are many earlier examples. One early master of ragtime scat singing was Gene Greene who recorded scat choruses in his song "King of the Bungaloos" and several others between 1911 and 1917. Entertainer Al Jolson scatted through a few bars in the middle of his 1911 recording of "That Haunting Melody." Gene Greene's 1917 "From Here to Shanghai," which featured faux-Chinese scatting, and Gene Rodemich 's 1924 "Scissor Grinder Joe" and "Some of These Days" also pre-date Armstrong. Cliff "Ukulele Ike" Edwards scatted an interlude on his 1923 "Old Fashioned Love" in lieu of using an instrumental soloist. One of

4352-872: Is set in Montreal . Even Fuzz (1972), based on the 1968 novel, though set in the US, moves the action to Boston . Two episodes of ABC's Columbo , set in Los Angeles, were based on McBain novels. A prolific author of police procedurals, whose work has fallen out of fashion in the years since her death, is Elizabeth Linington writing under her own name, as well as "Dell Shannon" and "Lesley Egan". Linington reserved her Dell Shannon pseudonym primarily for procedurals featuring LAPD Central Homicide Lieutenant Luis Mendoza (1960–86). Under her own name she wrote about Sergeant Ivor Maddox of LAPD's North Hollywood Station, and as Lesley Egan she wrote about suburban cop Vic Varallo. These novels are sometimes considered flawed, partly due to

4480-591: Is the case with instrumental improvisers. As well, scatting usually incorporates musical structure . All of Ella Fitzgerald 's scat performances of " How High the Moon ", for instance, use the same tempo , begin with a chorus of a straight reading of the lyric, move to a "specialty chorus" introducing the scat chorus, and then the scat itself. Will Friedwald has compared Ella Fitzgerald to Chuck Jones directing his Roadrunner cartoon —each uses predetermined formulas in innovative ways. The deliberate choice of scat syllables

4608-495: Is vocal improvisation with wordless vocables , nonsense syllables or without words at all. In scat singing, the singer improvises melodies and rhythms using the voice solely as an instrument rather than a speaking medium. This is different from vocalese , which uses recognizable lyrics that are sung to pre-existing instrumental solos. Though scat singing is improvised, the melodic lines are often variations on scale and arpeggio fragments, stock patterns and riffs , as

4736-480: The 87th Precinct series beginning with Cop Hater , published in 1956. Hunter continued to write 87th Precinct novels almost until his death in 2005. Although these novels focus primarily on Detective Steve Carella, they encompass the work of many officers working alone and in teams, and Carella is not always present in any individual book. As if to illustrate the universality of the police procedural, many of McBain's 87th Precinct novels, despite their being set in

4864-515: The Big Boy , was based on Ness's real-life nemesis Al Capone. Other members of Tracy's Rogues Gallery , like Boris Arson, Flattop Jones , and Maw Famon, were inspired, respectively, by John Dillinger , Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd , and Kate "Ma" Barker . Once Tracy was sold to the Chicago Tribune syndicate, Gould enrolled in a criminology class at Northwestern University , met with members of

4992-595: The Chicago Police Department , and did research at the department's crime lab, to make his depiction of law enforcement more authentic. Ultimately, he hired retired Chicago policeman Al Valanis, a pioneering forensic sketch artist, as both an artistic assistant and police technical advisor. The success of Tracy led to many more police strips. While some, like Norman Marsh's Dan Dunn were unabashedly slavish imitations of Tracy , others, like Dashiell Hammett 's and Alex Raymond 's Secret Agent X-9 , took

5120-493: The London Metropolitan Police . The West novels were, for the era, an unusually realistic look at Scotland Yard operations, but the plots were often wildly melodramatic, and, to get around thorny legal problems, Creasey gave West an "amateur detective" friend who was able to perform the extra-procedural acts that West, as a policeman, could not. In the mid-1950s, inspired by the success of television's Dragnet and

5248-500: The Mystery Writers of America for Best Mystery Novel. The Gideon series, more than any other source, helped establish the common procedural plot structure of threading several autonomous story lines through a single novel. Hillary Waugh , in 1952, wrote Last Seen Wearing ... , a commercial and critical success, exploring detailed and relentless police work. Ed McBain, the pseudonym of Evan Hunter , wrote dozens of novels in

NYPD Blue - Misplaced Pages Continue

5376-590: The Producers Guild of America Award for Best Episodic Drama , the Writers Guild of America Award for Television: Episodic Drama , and the Satellite Award for Best Television Series – Drama . NYPD Blue has generally received rave reviews from leading television critics. Variety even went as far as to say that broadcast television had lost its edge after NYPD Blue was cancelled. In 2013, TV Guide placed

5504-582: The September 11 terrorist attacks . In the "Sorenson missing" storyline, continuing from the previous season, a suspect trades immunity for a robbery and shooting in exchange for information on a buried rug in Brooklyn that turns out to contain Sorenson's dead body. Assisting on the investigation is Officer John Clark Jr. , played by Mark-Paul Gosselaar . He is promoted to detective third grade for his heroic actions in

5632-441: The bop era of the 1940s, more highly developed vocal improvisation surged in popularity. Annie Ross , a bop singer, expressed a common sentiment among vocalists at the time: "The [scat] music was so exciting, everyone wanted to do it." And many did: Eddie Jefferson , Betty Carter , Anita O'Day , Joe Carroll , Sarah Vaughan , Carmen McRae , Jon Hendricks , Babs Gonzales , Mel Torme and Dizzy Gillespie were all singers in

5760-523: The "best vocal improviser jazz has ever had," and critics since then have been in almost universal agreement with her. During this 1930s era, other famous scat singers included Scatman Crothers —who would go on to movie and television fame —and British dance band trumpeter and vocalist Nat Gonella whose scat-singing recordings were banned in Nazi Germany . Over the years, as jazz music developed and grew in complexity, scat singing did as well. During

5888-461: The 1970s renewed interest in bop scat singing, and young scat singers viewed themselves as a continuation of the classic bop tradition. The medium continues to evolve, and vocal improvisation now often develops independently of changes in instrumental jazz. During the mid-1990s, jazz artist John Paul Larkin (better known as Scatman John ) renewed interest in the genre briefly when he began fusing jazz singing with pop music and electronica , scoring

6016-509: The DVD releases, as standard definition 4:3 episodes. The streaming remastered editions use the 60-minute versions of those episodes. Exterior shots of the 15th Precinct used the 9th Precinct building on East 5th Street in New York City, also used for Kojak . The show was initially a vehicle for David Caruso . John Kelly was the main character, and the first season revolved around him and his professional and personal lives. Promotional shots for

6144-518: The District Attorney of a small-town jurisdiction. Later, following a personal tragedy, he leaves the DA's Office and joins his small city's police force in order to fight crime closer to the grass roots level. As both a DA's man and a city cop, he fights a string of flamboyant, Gould-ian criminals like "Stitches", "Bottleneck", and "Bulldozer". Other syndicated police strips include Zane Grey 's King of

6272-547: The Metropolitan Police. One semidocumentary, He Walked By Night (1948), released by Eagle-Lion Films , featured a young radio actor named Jack Webb in a supporting role. The success of the film, along with a suggestion from LAPD Detective Sergeant Marty Wynn, the film's technical advisor , gave Webb an idea for a radio drama that depicted police work in a similarly semi-documentary manner. The resulting series, Dragnet , which debuted on radio in 1949 and made

6400-589: The Moon " live in Berlin, she quotes over a dozen songs, including " The Peanut Vendor ," " Heat Wave ," " A-Tisket, A-Tasket ," and " Smoke Gets in Your Eyes ." Improvisational singing of nonsense syllables occurs in many cultures, such as diddling or lilting in Ireland, German yodeling , Sámi joik , and speaking in tongues in various religious traditions. Although Louis Armstrong 's 1926 recording of " Heebie Jeebies "

6528-457: The Mystery Writers of America in 1971. The books were translated from Swedish into 35 different languages, and have sold roughly ten million copies. Sjöwall and Wahlöö used black humour extensively in the series, and it is widely recognised as one of the finest police procedural series. Tony Hillerman , the author of 17 novels involving Jim Chee and Joe Leaphorn, wrote procedurals in which

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6656-565: The National Murder Squad, and the realistic depiction, as well as criticism of the Swedish welfare state at the time whilst the tedium of the police procedural continues in the background, is something still widely used today, with authors such as Jo Nesbø and Stieg Larsson . The books gave rise to the Swedish noir scene, and The Laughing Policeman earned a "Best Novel" Edgar Award from

6784-483: The Royal Mounted , depicting police work in the contemporary Canadian Northwest, Lank Leonard's Mickey Finn , which emphasized the home life of a hard-working cop, and Dragnet , which adapted stories from the pioneering radio-TV series into comics. Early comic books with police themes tended to be reprints of syndicated newspaper strips like Tracy and Drake . Others adapted police stories from other mediums, like

6912-815: The Season 9 premiere, with the possibility of becoming a regular cast member. Producers were not convinced about Marcil, and made her character a one-time guest role, then continued casting until they hired Obradors. (Marcil did come back for another one-episode guest spot in Season 11). The remaining four years had a continuing focus on Sipowicz as the main character, as had been the case since Simone's death. Another unlikely romance developed between Sipowicz and Connie McDowell. This came about due to her ability to stand up to Sipowicz's gruffness, and her tender relationship with Theo (played by Austin Majors). They eventually married, and after adopting McDowell's sister's baby daughter (following

7040-676: The United Kingdom. Seasons 1-12 are available on Hulu , the American subscription video on demand service. However, the first six seasons are remastered in HD and cropped from 4:3 to 16:9, in similar fashion to The Simpsons and Buffy the Vampire Slayer . All 12 seasons are also available on Amazon Prime in their original formats (as of August 2023). In Australia and New Zealand, all twelve seasons are Streaming on Disney+. Also like The Simpsons,

7168-575: The United States, plot points involving murder investigations appear at more frequent rates than those involving theft , substance abuse , or domestic violence , which citizens are more likely to personally experience. Police procedurals have additionally portrayed attempted terrorism incidents at unrealistically high rates since the September 11 attacks and the start of the war on terror , prompting accusations of racial profiling and fear-mongering . The manner in which crime has been portrayed in

7296-484: The author's far-right political viewpoint (she was a member of the John Birch Society ), but primarily because Miss Linington's books, notwithstanding the frequent comments she made about the depth of her research, were all seriously deficient in the single element most identified with the police procedural, technical accuracy. However, they have a certain charm in their depiction of a kinder, gentler California, where

7424-430: The baby", led to his initial withdrawal from the squad. Yet, his keen perceptiveness allows him to gain a confession from the suspect in Mayo's death, who had tried to buy his way out of trouble. Furthermore, Sipowicz reaches a level of understanding with PAA John Irvin (portrayed by Bill Brochtrup ), whose homosexuality had been a stumbling block for Sipowicz in their interactions to that point. The next two seasons had

7552-524: The caped crime-fighter is disliked by many Gotham detectives for treading on their toes. Meanwhile, Metropolis SCU tells the story of the Special Crimes Unit, an elite squad of cops in the police force serving Superman 's Metropolis . The use of police procedural elements in superhero comics can partly be attributed to the success of Kurt Busiek 's groundbreaking 1994 series Marvels , and his subsequent Astro City work, both of which examine

7680-405: The cast and crew. Smits left the show when his contract ended because of it, as did Andrea Thompson. Milch cites his own alcoholism and other addictions as factors contributing to the difficult environment. His personal problems and "exhaustion" over the lengthy production of the episodes caused him to leave the series after the seventh season. In spite of the controversy, Milch is usually credited as

7808-439: The center of the story, showing exclusively their vision of the world. This approach has been denounced as enforcing the idea that the life and views of policemen are more important than the ones of the communities being policed. In police procedurals, police officers are more often than not presented as the "good guys" or even close to superhuman, leading to a potentially biased narrative. Illegal practices are often presented as

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7936-399: The continuation of Sipowicz's relationship with Sorenson (in whom Sipowicz sees a resemblance to his late son), along with more changes in the squad. Departing during this time were Kirkendall (due to her unknowing involvement in her ex-husband's dirty dealings), Martinez (following his promotion to uniformed sergeant), Fancy as squad leader (following his promotion to captain), and Russell (for

8064-490: The credit away, since I know better. The first man that ever did a scat number in history of this country was a man from Vicksburg, Mississippi, by the name of Joe Sims, an old comedian. And from that, Tony Jackson and myself, and several more grabbed it in New Orleans . And found it was pretty good for an introduction of a song." Lomax : "What does scat mean?" Morton : "Scat doesn't mean anything but just something to give

8192-404: The cut to be thrown out in the end, but that take of the song was the one released: "I dropped the paper with the lyrics—right in the middle of the tune. . . And I did not want to stop and spoil the record which was moving along so wonderfully . . . So when I dropped the paper, I immediately turned back into the horn and started to scatting . . . Just as nothing had happened . . . When I finished

8320-457: The defining element of a police procedural is the attempt to accurately depict law enforcement and its procedures, including police-related topics such as forensic science , autopsies , gathering evidence , search warrants , interrogation , and adherence to legal restrictions and procedures. While many police procedurals conceal the criminal's identity until the crime is solved in the narrative climax (the so-called whodunit ), others reveal

8448-582: The detectives in Powers were "normal" (unpowered) humans dealing with super-powered crime, Alan Moore and Gene Ha 's Top 10 mini-series, published by America's Best Comics in 2000–01, centered around the super-powered police force in a setting where powers are omnipresent. The comic detailed the lives and work of the police force of Neopolis, a city in which everyone, from the police and criminals to civilians, children and even pets, has super-powers, colourful costumes and secret identities. The police procedural

8576-618: The development of the police procedural. Dragnet marked a turn in the depiction of the police on screen. Instead of being corrupt laughingstocks, this was the first time police officers represented bravery and heroism . In their quest for authenticity, Dragnet 's producers used real police cars and officers in their scenes. However, this also meant that in exchange, the LAPD could vet scripts for authenticity. The LAPD vetted every scene, which would allow them to remove elements they did not agree with or did not wish to draw attention to. Over

8704-456: The development of the procedural as a distinct mystery subgenre is John Creasey , a prolific writer of many different kinds of crime fiction, from espionage to criminal protagonist. He was inspired to write a more realistic crime novel when his neighbor, a retired Scotland Yard detective, challenged Creasey to "write about us as we are". The result was Inspector West Takes Charge , 1940, the first of more than forty novels to feature Roger West of

8832-465: The early New Orleans jazz scene. ) In this manner, soloists like Louis Armstrong became able to double as vocalists, switching effortlessly between instrumental solos and scatting. Scat singing also resembles the Irish/Scottish practice of lilting or diddling, a type of vocal music that involves using nonsensical syllables to sing non-vocal dance tunes. Scat singing can allow jazz singers to have

8960-405: The early female singers to use scat was Aileen Stanley , who included it at the end of a duet with Billy Murray in their hit 1924 recording of " It Had To Be You " (Victor 19373). Jazz pianist Jelly Roll Morton credited Joe Sims of Vicksburg, Mississippi , as the creator of scat around the turn of the 20th century. In a conversation between Alan Lomax and Jelly Roll Morton, Morton recounted

9088-403: The end of the 11th season . Kelly Ronson, played by Jessalyn Gilsig , replaced McDowell and appeared in a handful of episodes in the closing stretch of Season 11. Ronson was never a main-credits character and did not return in Season 12. Lt. Thomas Bale, played by Currie Graham , replaced Gibson at the start of season 12 . Det. Laura Murphy , played by Bonnie Somerville , replaced Ronson. In

9216-467: The end of the season. This is contrasted with the fate that awaits Sipowicz's older son, Andy Jr., who announces that he plans to join the police force in nearby Hackensack, New Jersey , after being discharged from the Air Force due to an injury. Sipowicz is finally bonding with his long-estranged son when Andy Jr. is gunned down trying to help people in a bar holdup. This causes the elder Sipowicz to fall off

9344-408: The existence—even in the earliest recorded examples of scatting—of free improvisation by the vocalist. It is therefore more likely that scat singing evolved independently in the United States. Others have proposed that scat singing arose from jazz musicians' practice of formulating riffs vocally before performing them instrumentally. (The adage "If you can't sing it, you can't play it" was common in

9472-407: The final few episodes, the storylines revolved around the impending retirement of Det. Medavoy and Sipowicz's promotion to Sergeant and later assumption of command of the 15th Detective Squad. The series finale introduced two new young detectives named Quinn and Slovak, who echoed the first days of Irish-American Kelly and Polish-American Sipowicz. The series included more nudity and raw language than

9600-507: The final season, the show was filmed only in Los Angeles to save money. The series was shot on film and framed for a 16:9 ratio from the first episode, though it was not natively broadcast in HD until season 9. In 2016, the first eight seasons were remastered into a 2K resolution HD image for use in future syndication and streaming releases. The 90-minute versions of "Lost Israel, Part 2," "Honeymoon at Viagra Falls," and "Hearts and Souls" were not included in this project and are available only on

9728-531: The first six seasons are cropped to HD 16:9. UK and Ireland Disney plus also carry all the seasons with the same format issue. TV reviewer and author Alan Sepinwall informally began his career by blogging recaps and analyses of NYPD Blue episodes. The sequel of the series was announced in October 2018. The pilot is a co-production between 20th Century Fox TV, which was behind the original series, and ABC Studios, and producers were casting its four main roles at

9856-400: The form, like Hillary Waugh , Ed McBain , and John Creasey started to appear regularly. In 1956, in his regular New York Times Book Review column, mystery critic Anthony Boucher , noting the growing popularity of crime fiction in which the main emphasis was the realistic depiction of police work, suggested that such stories constituted a distinct subgenre of the mystery, and, crediting

9984-460: The fourth season in 2006, Fox announced that they would be reviewing the possibility of further releases, citing the lack of sales. On October 3, 2013, it was announced that Shout! Factory had acquired the rights to the series in Region 1. They have subsequently released seasons five to 12 on DVD. In Region 2, Mediumrare acquired the rights to release the remaining eight seasons of the show on DVD in

10112-402: The genre has been facing increased scrutiny. As a result, some television networks have been making an effort to address and correct the aforementioned criticism. In August 2020, it was announced that CBS writing staff would partner with 21CP Solutions, an advisory group on public safety and law enforcement , on the network's legal dramas and police procedurals. CBS producers stated that

10240-414: The high complexity of scatting at the same time, in harmony. An example is their version of " It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing) ." The Boswell Sisters' "inventive use of scat singing was a source for Ella Fitzgerald ." As a young girl, Fitzgerald often practiced imitating Connee Boswell's scatting for hours. Fitzgerald herself would become a talented scat singer and later claimed to be

10368-410: The history of scat: Lomax : "Well, what about some more scat songs, that you used to sing way back then?" Morton : "Oh, I'll sing you some scat songs. That was way before Louis Armstrong's time. By the way, scat is something that a lot of people don't understand, and they begin to believe that the first scat numbers was ever done, was done by one of my hometown boys, Louis Armstrong. But I must take

10496-517: The idiom. Free jazz and the influence of world musicians on the medium pushed jazz singing nearer to avant-garde art music. In the 1960s Ward Swingle was the product of an unusually liberal musical education. He took the scat singing idea and applied it to the works of Bach, creating The Swingle Singers . Scat singing was also used by Louis Prima and others in the song " I Wan'na Be Like You " in Disney's The Jungle Book (1967). The bop revival of

10624-435: The lives of homicide detectives as they investigated superhero-related cases. Bendis's success has led both Marvel Comics and DC Comics to begin their own superhero-themed police procedurals ( District X and the aforementioned Gotham Central ), which focus on how the job of a police officer is affected by such tropes as secret identities, superhuman abilities, costumes, and the near-constant presence of vigilantes . While

10752-512: The main body of scenes used only limited diegetic music. A section of the main theme played again over the closing credits. John Kelly and Andy Sipowicz are detectives in the 15th squad. Sipowicz is the elder partner, but is an alcoholic who drinks on the job, as well as off duty, and his behavior causes doubt that the partnership will last much longer. Kelly has a genuine affection for his partner, but becomes increasingly exasperated by Sipowicz's behavior. In addition to his alcoholism, Sipowicz

10880-515: The main theme. As the series progressed, the musical start of the cold opens grew longer. By Season 7, each episode began with a fast-paced montage of typical Manhattan street scenes unrelated to the show's characters, scored with an increasingly complex combination of scat singing and instrumental music riffing on the main theme. The specific variations were original to each episode and were not re-used. Some especially dramatic or dialogue-free scenes were scored during particular episodes, but otherwise

11008-510: The media has subsequently been linked with discrepancies both in popular perception of crime rates , as well as sentencing . In a 2005 study conducted on the German public , it was found that despite a decline in total offences between 1992 and 2003, "the German public believes or assumes, on balance, that crime has increased". It has been further posited that the distorted public perception arising from

11136-637: The medium in his 1935 opera Porgy and Bess . Following the success of Armstrong's "Heebie Jeebies," a number of popular songs featured scat singing. In June 1927, Harry Barris and Bing Crosby of bandleader Paul Whiteman 's " The Rhythm Boys " scatted on several songs including " Mississippi Mud ," which Barris had composed. On October 26, 1927, Duke Ellington 's Orchestra recorded " Creole Love Call " featuring Adelaide Hall singing wordlessly. Hall's wordless vocals and "evocative growls" were hailed as serving as "another instrument." Although creativity must be shared between Ellington and Hall as he knew

11264-613: The mid-1880s. Wilkie Collins 's novel The Moonstone (1868), a tale of a Scotland Yard detective investigating the theft of a valuable diamond, has been described as perhaps the earliest clear example of the genre. As detective fiction rose to worldwide popularity in the late 19th century and early 20th century, many of the pioneering and most popular characters, at least in the English-speaking world, were private investigators or amateurs. See C. Auguste Dupin , Sherlock Holmes , Sam Spade , Miss Marple and others. Hercule Poirot

11392-554: The next few years, the number of novelists who picked up on the procedural trend following Dragnet 's example grew to include writers like Ben Benson, who wrote carefully researched novels about the Massachusetts State Police , retired police officer Maurice Procter , who wrote a series about North England cop Harry Martineau , and Jonathan Craig, who wrote short stories and novels about New York City police officers. Police novels by writers who would come to virtually define

11520-422: The perpetrator's identity to the audience early in the narrative, making it an inverted detective story . The police procedural genre has faced criticism for its inaccurate depictions of policing and crime, depictions of racism and sexism, and allegations that the genre is " copaganda ", or promotes a one-sided depiction of police as the "good guys". The roots of the police procedural have been traced to at least

11648-507: The plodding nature of the investigators. For details see the PhD dissertation by Antony Stephenson (2019). The comic strip Dick Tracy is often pointed to as an early procedural. Tracy creator Chester Gould seemed to be trying to reflect the real world. Tracy himself, conceived by Gould as a "modern-day Sherlock Holmes ", was partly modeled on real-life law enforcer Eliot Ness. Tracy's first, and most frequently recurring, antagonist,

11776-566: The police were always "good guys" who solved all the crimes and respected the citizenry. Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö planned and wrote the Martin Beck police procedural series of ten books between the 1960s and 1970s, set in Sweden . The series is particularly renowned for its extensive character development throughout the series. Beck himself is gradually promoted from detective in a newly nationalised Swedish police force to Chief Inspector of

11904-539: The popularity of a number of American films which dramatized and fictionalized actual crimes. Dubbed " semidocumentary films" by film critics, these motion pictures, often filmed on location, with the cooperation of the law enforcement agencies involved in the actual case, made a point of authentically depicting police work. Examples include The Naked City (1948), The Street with No Name (1948), T-Men (1947), He Walked by Night (1948), and Border Incident (1949). Films from other countries soon began following

12032-408: The prevalence of police procedurals has been a factor in influencing sentencing rates. Countries such as the US, UK and Germany—while experiencing declines in crime rates—reported increases in the volume and severity of incarceration . Alongside protests against police brutality in the United States and abroad, and debates on the role of entertainment in the portrayal of law enforcement in society,

12160-565: The procedures were those of the Navajo Tribal Police . Though not the first police officer to write procedurals, Joseph Wambaugh 's success has caused him to become the exemplar of cops who turn their professional experiences into fiction. The son of a Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , policeman, Wambaugh joined the Los Angeles Police Department after a stint of military duty. In 1970, his first novel, The New Centurions ,

12288-431: The radio-inspired anthology comic Gang Busters , Dell's 87th Precinct issues, which adapted McBain's novels, or The Untouchables , which adapted the fictionalized TV adventures of real-life policeman Eliot Ness. More recently, there have been attempts to depict police work with the kind of hard-edged realism seen in the novels of writers like Wambaugh, such as Marvel's four-issue mini-series Cops: The Job , in which

12416-425: The record I just knew the recording people would throw it out . . . And to my surprise they all came running out of the controlling booth and said—'Leave That In.'" Armstrong's "Heebie Jeebies" became a national bestseller and, consequently, the practice of scatting "became closely associated with Armstrong." The song would serve as a model for Cab Calloway , whose 1930s scat solos inspired George Gershwin 's use of

12544-701: The rhythms of their raps. Tajai of the group Souls of Mischief states the following in the book How to Rap : "Sometimes my rhythms come from scatting. I usually make a scat kind of skeleton and then fill in the words. I make a skeleton of the flow first, and then I put words into it." The group Lifesavas describe a similar process. Rapper Tech N9ne has been recorded demonstrating exactly how this method works, and gangsta rapper Eazy-E used it extensively in his song " Eazy Street ." Some writers have proposed that scat has its roots in African musical traditions . In much African music, "human voice and instruments assume

12672-502: The run of the series. The theme begins with a percussion arrangement reminiscent of the sound of a New York City subway train departing a station and then proceeds to an oboe -dominated melody influenced by the Irish-American music used at NYPD ceremonies. Each episode had a cold open scene followed by the full-length theme song over the opening credits. The cold open and scene transitions used short instrumental breaks reminiscent of

12800-1122: The same improvisational opportunities as jazz instrumentalists: scatting can be rhythmically and harmonically improvisational without concern about the lyric. Especially when bebop was developing, singers found scat to be the best way to adequately engage in the performance of jazz. Scatting may be desirable because it does not "taint the music with the impurity of denotation." Instead of conveying linguistic content and pointing to something outside itself, scat music—like instrumental music—is self-referential and "d[oes] what it mean[s]." Through this wordlessness, commentators have written, scat singing can describe matters beyond words. Music critic Will Friedwald has written that Louis Armstrong's scatting, for example, "has tapped into his own core of emotion," releasing emotions "so deep, so real" that they are unspeakable; his words "bypass our ears and our brains and go directly for our hearts and souls." Scat singing has never been universally accepted, even by jazz enthusiasts. Writer and critic Leonard Feather offers an extreme view; he once said that "scat singing—with only

12928-515: The semi-documentary trend. In France , there was Quai des orfevres (1947), released in the United States as Jenny Lamour . In Japanese cinema , there was Akira Kurosawa 's 1949 film Stray Dog , a serious police procedural film noir that was also a precursor to the buddy cop film genre. In the UK , there were films such as The Blue Lamp (1950) and The Long Arm (1956) set in London and depicting

13056-454: The series at number 44 on its list of the 60 best television shows of all time, and Complex ranked it as the eighth best television drama of all time. 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the first four seasons of NYPD Blue on DVD in Regions 1, 2, and 4. All of the sets contain the original master recordings, the original ABC broadcasts, and custom-made credits. After the release of

13184-489: The series winning Best Television Series – Drama . The series received 23 Screen Actors Guild Award nominations, with Franz winning twice for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series and the cast winning for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series . NYPD Blue received 13 TCA Award nominations, winning once for Outstanding Achievement in Drama . Additional accolades include two Peabody Awards,

13312-764: The shootout that ended with the death of the hitman who had murdered Danny and an undercover federal agent; Sipowicz is promoted to detective first grade at the same time. Fancy had previously recommended Sipowicz for first grade at the same time as Simone for a high-profile case they both worked several years earlier; while Simone was promoted, the negative incidents in his past caused the department to deny Sipowicz's promotion. The newly minted Det. Clark becomes Sipowicz's newest (and greenest) partner. As had occurred with Simone and Sorenson, initially tension exists between Clark and Sipowicz, largely due to an old feud from years earlier involving Sipowicz and Clark's father, John Clark Sr. ( Joe Spano ), an average, by-the-book detective from

13440-473: The short story collection Policeman's Lot , 1933, by former Buckinghamshire High Sheriff and Justice of the Peace Henry Wade . The procedural became more prominent after World War II , and, while the contributions of novelists like Treat were significant, a large part of the impetus for the post-war development of the procedural as a distinct subgenre of the mystery was due, not to prose fiction, but to

13568-730: The show depicted Caruso in the foreground and other first-season characters set off behind him. Season two had the departure of John Kelly, and the show was thereafter built around an ensemble cast . Dennis Franz , as Andy Sipowicz , a veteran New York City Police detective, evolved into the show's lead character, who increasingly assumed a mentorship role to other characters as the series progressed. His co-stars included (season two and beyond) Jimmy Smits as Det. Bobby Simone (1994–1998), Rick Schroder as Det. Danny Sorenson (1998–2001), and Mark-Paul Gosselaar as Det. John Clark, Jr. (2001–2005). The show used an instrumental theme by prolific TV composer Mike Post which did not change throughout

13696-486: The show for perceived vulgarity and filed complaints with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) over the use of obscene language in several episodes aired in early 2003, at the last half of the 10th season of the show, associating the series with a perceived increase in profanity and violence on prime-time television from the late 1990s to early 2000s. The FCC ruled that the language in the episodes

13824-562: The show's producers. The series was originally broadcast by ABC from September 21, 1993‚ to March 1, 2005. It was ABC's longest-running primetime one-hour drama series until Grey's Anatomy surpassed it in 2016. NYPD Blue was met with critical acclaim, praised for its grittiness and realistic portrayal of the cast's personal and professional lives, though the show garnered controversy for its depictions of nudity and alcoholism . In 1997, "True Confessions" ( Season 1 , Episode 4), written by Art Monterastelli and directed by Charles Haid ,

13952-488: The singers scat variations on the word "avocado" for much of the recording. In addition to such nonsensical uses of language, humor is communicated in scat singing through the use of musical quotation . Leo Watson, who performed before the canon of American popular music, frequently drew on nursery rhymes in his scatting. This is called using a compression. Similarly, Ella Fitzgerald's scatting, for example, drew extensively on popular music. In her 1960 recording of " How High

14080-419: The sister's murder by her husband, Connie's brother-in-law), had a child of their own. The McDowell character eventually became an off-screen character in the second half of the 11th season and throughout the final season due to issues between Ross and show executives. Rodriguez was written out halfway through the 11th season, after his IAB enemy Capt. Pat Fraker shot and nearly killed him in a drunken rage, then

14208-560: The sounds of different instruments. The comparison of the scatting styles of Ella Fitzgerald and Sarah Vaughan reveals that Fitzgerald's improvisation mimics the sounds of swing-era big bands with which she performed, while Vaughan's mimics that of her accompanying bop -era small combos. Humor is another important element of scat singing. Bandleader Cab Calloway exemplified the use of humorous scatting. Other examples of humorous scatting include Slim Gaillard , Leo Watson , and Bam Brown's 1945 song "Avocado Seed Soup Symphony," in which

14336-481: The style of performance he wanted, Hall was the one who was able to produce the sound. A year later, in October 1928, Ellington repeated the experiment in one of his versions of " The Mooche ," with Getrude "Baby" Cox singing scat after a muted similar trombone solo by Joe "Tricky Sam" Nanton . During the Great Depression , acts such as The Boswell Sisters regularly employed scatting on their records, including

14464-668: The success of Dragnet for the rise of this new form, coined the phrase "police procedural" to describe it. As police procedurals became increasingly popular, they maintained this image of heroic police officers who are willing to bend the rules to save the day, as well as the use of police consultants . This would allow Hollywood to form a friendly relationship with law enforcement who are also responsible for granting shooting permits. This, however, has garnered criticisms. French roman policier (fr) value induction over deduction, synthesis of character over analysis of crime. The Inspector Maigret novels of Georges Simenon feature

14592-423: The team, including civil rights experts, lawyers and police veterans, would fix issues with CBS police procedurals to make them more realistic and accurate. As a result, the main objectives and partnership's attention is supposed to focus on an increase of inclusivity, diversity and authenticity in the production of police procedurals. Scat singing Originating in vocal jazz , scat singing or scatting

14720-483: The time of the announcement. The storyline would revolve around the murder of Andy Sipowicz, with his son Theo as a uniformed police officer who works to earn promotion to detective while investigating his father's killing. On May 10, 2019, it was reported that the sequel's pilot would be retooled for a potential midseason pickup. On January 30, 2020, it was reported that the sequel was no longer in active development at ABC. Police procedural As its name implies,

14848-476: The transition to television in 1951, has been called "the most famous procedural of all time" by mystery novelists William L. DeAndrea , Katherine V. Forrest and Max Allan Collins . The same year that Dragnet debuted on radio, Pulitzer Prize -winning playwright Sidney Kingsley 's stage play Detective Story opened on Broadway . This frank, carefully researched dramatization of a typical day in an NYPD precinct detective squad became another benchmark in

14976-463: The typical superhero universe from the viewpoint of the common man who witnesses the great dramas from afar, participating in them tangentially at best. In the wake of Busiek's success, many other writers mimicked his approach, with mixed results – the narrative possibilities of someone who does not get involved in drama are limited. In 2000, however, Image Comics published the first issue of Brian Michael Bendis 's comic Powers , which followed

15104-504: The up-and-down Simone/Russell relationship, which includes Russell's revelation that she had been sexually abused by her father, are prominent storylines. Also during this time, Franz won four Emmy Awards, and both Delaney and Clapp won an Emmy for supporting roles. Season six is a major turning point for the series, as Smits decided not to renew his contract and left the show. In episode five, "Heart and Souls", just episodes after marrying Russell, Simone dies due to an enlarged heart and

15232-495: The wagon. Simone kills Andy Jr.'s murderers in an act of self-defense while attempting to arrest them. Bobby and Diane, who had placed their relationship on hold while she attended AA, resume seeing each other. Diane begins drinking again when her abusive father beats her mother. Her father is eventually killed, and her mother becomes the prime suspect. James Martinez and new detective Adrienne Lesniak begin an affair, but Lesniak later breaks it off, because her last relationship with

15360-426: The work of authors less well known today, like Freeman Wills Crofts 's novels about Inspector French or some of the work of the prolific team of G.D.H. and Margaret Cole , might be considered as the antecedents of today's police procedural. British mystery novelist and critic Julian Symons , in his 1972 history of crime fiction, Bloody Murder , labeled these proto-procedurals "humdrums", because of their emphasis on

15488-503: Was a severe lack of portrayal of racial bias in the criminal procedure, discussion about criminal justice reform , and victims who are women of color. There is also little representation of people of color in the creation of these shows. The police procedural genre is becoming increasingly popular and has accounted for about 22% of all scripted shows on US broadcast network in the last 10 years. This prevalence implies that viewers are often facing TV series that place police officers at

15616-523: Was acquitted; the acquittal, combined with him not making the Captain's promotion list, caused him to retire and take a lucrative job in private security. Sgt. Eddie Gibson, played by former NYPD officer John F. O'Donohue , replaced Lt. Rodriguez as Squad Commander. Gibson had previously served in the squad both on night watch and briefly on the "day tour". Haywood, after failing to convict Fraker for Rodriguez's shooting, appeared in fewer episodes and then left at

15744-492: Was common on broadcast television, which resulted in at least 30 of the network's affiliates—mostly in smaller markets—not running the series when it debuted, with the show airing in many of those markets on a Fox affiliate or independent station live or delayed. 29 of the affiliates eventually saw the show's ratings overrule their moral objections and began to air it by the time the third season started. WLOX in Biloxi, Mississippi

15872-575: Was described as a veteran of the Belgian police, but as a protagonist he worked independently. Only after World War II would police procedural fiction rival the popularity of PIs or amateur sleuths. Lawrence Treat 's 1945 novel V as in Victim is often cited as the first police procedural, by Anthony Boucher (mystery critic for the New York Times Book Review ) among others. Another early example

16000-629: Was indecent but decided not to fine ABC, because the episodes aired before a 2004 ruling that obscenities would lead to an automatic fine. However, on January 25, 2008, the FCC fined ABC $ 1.4 million for the episode " Nude Awakening " (airdate February 25, 2003), due to scenes of "adult sexual nudity". The fine was ultimately rejected by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit on January 6, 2011. According to NYPD Blue: A Final Tribute ,

16128-480: Was published. This followed three police officers through their training in the academy, their first few years on the street, culminating in the Watts riots of 1965. It was followed by such novels as The Blue Knight , 1971, The Choirboys , 1975, Hollywood Station , 2006, and acclaimed non-fiction books like The Onion Field , 1973, Lines and Shadows , 1984, and Fire Lover , 2002. Wambaugh has said that his main purpose

16256-540: Was ranked number 36 on " TV Guide ' s 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time ". In 2009, " Hearts and Souls " ( Season 6 , Episode 5), Jimmy Smits ' final episode as a main cast member, ranked 30th on TV Guide ' s "100 Greatest Episodes of All Time". Produced by 20th Century Fox and Steven Bochco Productions, film production primarily took place in the greater Los Angeles area. The show did film in New York, but only for exterior shots that used New York landmarks. In

16384-496: Was the only ABC affiliate that never aired all episodes of the series, choosing to pre-empt it with double-run syndicated sitcoms and leaving Fox affiliate WXXV-TV to run it instead. In 2005, L. Brent Bozell III told TIME that the nudity on the series influenced him to establish the Parents Television Council , for which he served as president from 1995 to 2006. The PTC has directly criticized several episodes of

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