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48-519: The company traces its history back to the Tsukumo Shokai shipping company founded by the Tosa clan in 1870. In 1875, as the renamed Mitsubishi Shokai , the company inaugurated Japan's first passenger liner service, with a route from Yokohama to Shanghai ; in that same year, the company name was changed to Mitsubishi Mail Steamship Company. In 1885, a merger with Kyodo Unyu Kaisha (founded 1882) led to

96-590: A cargo ship until 1953. Her work included general cargo between Japan and the East Coast of the United States , a liner service between Japan and Burma in 1949 and iron ore from Thailand . In the war NYK had lost 172 ships totalling 1.028 million Gross register tons, which may explain why the company used an ocean liner for any cargo. In 1953 NYK had Hikawa Maru refitted as an ocean liner and returned her to her pre-war Yokohama – Seattle route. She remained on

144-516: A critical role in 1867 in advising Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu to carry out Taisei Hōkan (大政奉還), and to the return of power to the Emperor. In 1868, Tosa Domain was renamed "Kōchi Domain", which after the abolition of the han system in 1871, became Kōchi Prefecture. The Yamauchi clan was elevated to the rank of marquis in the kazoku system by the Peerage Order of 1884. Unlike most domains in

192-556: A party of 82 German and Lithuanian Jews who had travelled via the USSR and Vladivostok reached Seattle on Hikawa Maru . Later, Rabbi Zerach Warhaftig and his family travelled east from Lithuania to Japan. They left Yokohama on Hikawa Maru on 5 June 1941 and landed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on 17 June. He described the trip as "a summer vacation and with the war seeming to be so far away" although, he said "I didn't have

240-551: A peaceful mind because of the strong responsibility I had to help the Jewish refugees with the troubles they faced." In July 1941 the US and other countries retaliating against Japan's invasion of French Indochina ordered the seizure of Japanese assets. However, the United States gave assurances that the liners would not be seized so Heian Maru and Hikawa Maru continued their regular service to US ports. In October 1941 Hikawa Maru became

288-661: A remarkable position within the Liner ranking, as one of top twelve companies in the number of containers carried, number one RORO Carrier, and one of the main player in LNG and break bulk transport fields, plus several prominent awards for its cruise service quality. In April 2014, eight container sister ships of a new series were commissioned, and two more units were inserted as options in the construction contract. Both options were converted into firm orders in July 2014. The building began in spring 2015 at

336-622: A second-class ticket sold for £14/0/0 would be sold for £11/5/0. The majority of Japanese merchant ships, tankers, and liners sailed under the NYK banner in this period. Regular services linked Kobe and Yokohama with South America, Batavia , Melbourne , and Cape Town , with frequent crossings to San Francisco and Seattle . Other routes connected local Chinese cabotage vessels on the Chinese coasts and upper Yangtze River . Ocean routes went east from Japan to Vancouver (Canada) or Seattle. Another way

384-1281: A variety of ship names. Some names form series, as in those ships named after flowers , stars , star constellations , and provinces of pre- Meiji Japan. Flowers ACX Cherry (1994) ACX Hibiscus (1997) ACX Jasmine (1996) ACX Lily (1990) ACX Magnolia (1998) ACX Marguerite (1997) ACX Salvia (1997) Plumeria Leader (2022) Stars Altair Leader (2011) NYK Altair (2010) NYK Canopus (1998) NYK Deneb (2007) NYK Rigel (2009) NYK Sirius (1998) NYK Vega (2006) Rigel Leader (2011) Constellations Andromeda Leader (2007) Aphrodite Leader (2007) Apollon Leader (2007) Aries Leader (2014) Auriga Leader (2008) Cepheus Leader (2006) Cetus Leader (2005) Equuleus Leader (2005) NYK Antares (1997) NYK Leo (2002) NYK Orion (2008) NYK Pegasus (2003) NYK Phoenix (2003) NYK Virgo (2007) Volans Leader (2003) Provinces Iga Maru (1996) Izu Maru (1997) Izumo Maru (1997) Kaga Maru (1988) Sanuki Maru (1997) Settsu Maru (1997) Shima Maru (1997) Miscellaneous Asama Maru (1954) Astoria Maru (1952) Galaxy Leader (2002) Hakone Maru (1968) Hikawa Maru (1974) Zeus Leader (2009) By

432-516: The Bakumatsu period and would be an increasing source of dissatisfaction with the lower-ranking samurai. Initially, Yamauchi Kazutoyo made Urato Castle, the old stronghold of the Chōsokabe as his headquarters, but he soon found it too small, so he built Kōchi Castle and laid out a new castle town . Under his successor, Yamauchi Tadayoshi, new rice field development and new industries were promoted, and

480-494: The Horeki era (1751 to 1764) onwards, the clan's administration was shaken by uprisings and peasants fleeing to other territories. The ninth daimyō , Yamauchi Toyochika and the 13th daimyō , Yamauchi Toyoteru attempted reforms based on fiscal frugality with limited success. In the Bakumatsu period , the 15th daimyō , Yamauchi Toyoshige (also known as Yamauchi Yodo) appointed Yoshida Tōyō to undertake major reforms; however, he

528-513: The NYK Line . She was launched on 30 September 1929 and made her maiden voyage from Kobe to Seattle on 13 May 1930. She is permanently berthed as a museum ship at Yamashita Park , Naka-ku, Yokohama . Hikawa Maru was one of three Hikawa Maru -class motor ships , all named after major Shinto shrines . The Hikawa Shrine is in Saitama in central Honshu . Her two sister ships , both lost in

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576-722: The Shipping Control Authority for the Japanese Merchant Marine (SCAJAP) requisitioned Hikawa Maru as ship number H-022. She repatriated thousands of Japanese soldiers and civilians from the Pacific Islands , Korea , the Dutch East Indies and China until August 1946, when she docked in Yokohama for repairs. In 1947 SCAJAP returned Hikawa Maru to NYK, which despite her passenger capacity ran her mostly as

624-490: The han system , which consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka , based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields, Tosa Domain was a single unified holding. At the end of the 16th century, the Chōsokabe family's kokudaka of Tosa Province was only 98,000 koku per the Taiko land survey. The Yamauchi clan had an official kokudaka of 202,600 koku , but when

672-599: The Japanese cruise market. In 2006 Asuka was replaced by the much larger Asuka II , formerly Crystal Cruises' Crystal Harmony . At the end of March 2008, the NYK Group was operating about 776 major ocean vessels, as well as fleets of planes, trains, and trucks. The company's shipping fleet includes around 155 containerships, 286 bulk carriers, 55 woodchip carriers, 113 car carriers, 21 reefer carriers, 78 tankers, 30 LNG carriers, and three cruise ships. NYK's revenue in fiscal 2007

720-621: The NYK Line provided military transport and hospital ships for the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy. Many vessels were sunk by the Allied navies, and installations and ports were attacked from the air. Only 37 NYK ships survived the war. The company lost 185 ships in support of military operations in the Pacific. Before the war, NYK had 36 passenger ships; by the time of Japan's surrender only one,

768-588: The Second World War, were Heian Maru and Hie Maru . Hikawa Maru and her sisters ran a regular liner route between Yokohama , Vancouver and Seattle . She had a reputation for service that combined splendid food and beautiful art deco interiors, and she was nicknamed "The Queen of the Pacific ". Charlie Chaplin travelled on her for part of the round the World tour that he made in 1932. On 17 December 1931, Korean independence activist Lee Bong-chang took

816-667: The US Task Force 8 's attacks on Kwajalein and Wotje atolls in February 1942 and repatriated the seriously wounded to Yokosuka . On 15 June 1942 the Japanese cruiser  Nagara brought about 500 Japanese wounded from the Battle of Midway to Hashirajima , where they were transferred to Hikawa Maru . Three times Hikawa Maru survived being damaged by mines . The first was on 3 October 1942 while entering port at Surabaya , Java . She

864-412: The actual kokudaka of the domain is estimated to have been at least 494,000 koku . Tosa Domain had two subsidiary domains: Tosa-Nakamura Domain ( 土佐中村藩 , Tosa-Nakamura han ) was created in 1601 for Yamauchi Yasutoyo, brother of Kazutoyo and father of the 2nd daimyo, Tadayoshi. It had a kokudaka of 20,000 koku . The domain was inherited by his son Masatomo, but went extinct in 1624. The domain

912-449: The adoption of the company's present name. The merged company had a fleet of 58 steamships and expanded its operations rapidly, first to other Asian ports and then worldwide, with a line service to Seattle established in 1896 and to London in 1899. The company's Katori Maru was used by Chinese Muslims to travel to Singapore on their way to Makkah for the Hajj in 1925. From there,

960-534: The clan's finances remained relatively stable until around the middle of the Edo period. The domain was always eager to raise its incomes the expenses involved in its sankin kōtai obligation to visit the Shogun's court in Edo alternative years was extremely high due to the domain's geographic location, and the domain was constantly being called upon by the shogunate to provide work for public works projects. However, from around

1008-402: The company had the pilgrims travel on board other Japanese steamships to Suez and then to Makkah. The company promised to take responsibility for all the necessary formalities and helped contact other local transportation agencies that could take the pilgrims to Makkah. Chinese pilgrims were promised a 20% discount for their tickets. A third-class ticket that sold for £5/10/0 would be £4/8/0, while

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1056-575: The company headquarters in Japan (Tokyo), a global business operations headquarters in Singapore and regional headquarters in United Kingdom (London), United States (Richmond, VA), Hong Kong, and Brazil (São Paulo). The new company started its operations on 1 April 2018. NYK is also the world's largest roll-on/roll-off ocean carrier. NYK's RORO fleet has a 660,000 car capacity which represents just over 17% of

1104-721: The entire island of Shikoku under Chōsokabe Motochika from 1583 until he was defeated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the Invasion of Shikoku in 1585. Motochika fought for Hideyoshi in the Kyushu Campaign and the invasions of Korea . However, next daimyō Chōsokabe Morichika joined the pro- Toyotomi Western Army at the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, and was subsequently deprived of his title, and later his life. The victorious Tokugawa shogunate ordered Yamauchi Kazutoyo , lord of Kakegawa Castle in Tōtōmi Province to take control of

1152-709: The first Japanese shipping firm to join the Sustainable Shipping Initiative 's Ship Recycling Transparency Initiative , which incorporates the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships . On 19 November 2023, the NYK operated vessel Galaxy Leader , while sailing in Red Sea en route to India, was hijacked by the Iranian backed Houthi on the grounds it

1200-418: The global car transportation fleet capacity. Over 123 vessels are deployed worldwide transporting cars manufactured in Japan, US, EU towards Asia, Middle East, North & South America, Australia, Africa and Europe. In addition to brand new cars, High and Heavy cargo (such as excavators, mobile cranes, new and used trucks and buses, trailers, Mafi roll trailers ) and break bulk static pieces are carried all over

1248-545: The globe by NYK. Tosa Domain The Tosa Domain ( 土佐藩 , Tosa-han ) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, controlling all of Tosa Province in what is now Kōchi Prefecture on the island of Shikoku . It was centered around Kōchi Castle , and was ruled throughout its history by the tozama daimyō Yamauchi clan . Many people from the domain played important roles in events of

1296-630: The greatest importance for trading with Japan. These ports had the third, fourth, and eighth place in net tonnage registered in the world. Coal passed from Moji to Osaka and Yokohama. Karafuto timber represented a third part of local trade. Soybean products from Dairen and Ryojun arrived at Yokohama. The sugarcane of the South Seas Mandate and Formosa , cotton, salt, and minerals represented other important parts of these transport transactions. In 1926, Toyo Kisen Line (TKK), with its fleet of nine ships, merged with NYK. The current funnel livery

1344-482: The last NYK ship to visit a US port before Japan and the US went to war. She brought US refugees to Seattle, and on her return voyage she repatriated 400 Japanese nationals. On 1 December 1941, a week before Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor , the Mitsubishi Zosen dockyard at Yokohama started to convert Hikawa Maru into a hospital ship , completing work on her on 21 December. She treated Japanese casualties from

1392-571: The late Edo period including Nakahama Manjirō , Sakamoto Ryōma , Yui Mitsue , Gotō Shōjirō , Itagaki Taisuke , Nakae Chōmin , and Takechi Hanpeita . Tosa Domain was renamed Kōchi Domain ( 高知藩 , Kōchi-han ) during the early Meiji period until it was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 and became Kōchi Prefecture . At the end of the Sengoku period , the Chōsokabe clan ruled Tosa Province . The Chōsokabe had briefly controlled

1440-1499: The market for passenger liner travel. The evolution of the fleet mirrors some of those developments. In the following lists, the dates of maiden voyages are indicated with each ship's name. Amongst the many ships in the early NYK fleet, some names comprise serial categories. Some ships were named after Shinto shrines, and others were named after ancient provinces of Japan , cities of Japan , mountains of Japan or islands of Japan . Some ships had explicitly non-Japanese names, such as ships named after cities. Shinto shrines Chichibu Maru (1930). Hie Maru (1930). Heian Maru (1930). Hikawa Maru (1930). Kasuga Maru (1940). Kitano Maru (1909). Nitta Maru (1939). Tatsuta Maru (1930). Terukuni Maru (1930). Yawata Maru (1939) Provinces Awa Maru (1899). Awa Maru (1943). Kaga Maru (19__). Noto Maru (1934). Tango Maru (1905). Mountains Asama Maru (1929). Maya Maru (1925). Rokko Maru (1923). Cities Asuka Maru (1924). Calcutta Maru (1917). Dakar Maru (1920). Durban Maru (1920). Hakone Maru (1921) Lima Maru (1920). Lisbon Maru (1920). Lyons Maru (1920). Miscellaneous Korea Maru (1901). Kyushu Maru (1862). Rosetta Maru (1900). Siberia Maru (1901). Taiyo Maru (1911). Toyama Maru (1915). Yoshida Maru (1941). The modern NYK tonnage encompasses

1488-755: The mid-1950s NYK ships were again seen around the world. As the demand for passenger ships dwindled in the 1960s, NYK expanded its cargo operation, running Japan's first container ship Hakone Maru on a route to California in 1968 and soon establishing container ship routes to many other ports. NYK became a partner in Nippon Cargo Airlines in 1978, and in 1985, added United States container train service in cooperation with Southern Pacific . NYK revived its passenger ship business in 1989 with cruise ships operated by its newly formed subsidiary Crystal Cruises . In 1990 NYK resumed passenger services under its own name when MS  Asuka entered service on

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1536-575: The motor ship Hikawa Maru , survived. NYK's surviving vessels and equipment were confiscated by the Allied authorities as reparations , or taken by recently liberated Asian states in 1945-46. Shipping Control Authority for the Japanese Merchant Marine requisitioned Hikawa Maru as a transport ship to repatriate Japanese soldiers and civilians from territories that had been liberated from Japanese occupation. The NYK tonnage expanded in bursts, responding to changes economic conditions and perceived changes in

1584-474: The old vassals of the Chōsokabe, who were half-peasants and half-soldiers, were allowed to remain as lower-ranked samurai within the new regime, with retainers of the Yamauchi clan monopolizing the senior position, and with the most senior Yamauchi retainers and clan members assisted to key points within the domain to prepare for rebellions. This discrimination between the old and the new retainers would persist during

1632-459: The province as daimyō of the newly created Tosa Domain, with a nominal kokudaka of 202,600 koku . The Chōsokabe's former retainers were extremely hostile to the new regime, while Tosa peasants feared increased exploitation under the new lord and many fled across to the neighboring domains. Kazutoyo came in with only 158 mounted men, and had to petition the new government of the Tokugawa shogunate for help in pacifying his new domain. This

1680-399: The rival Tokushima Domain gained Awaji Province in 1615 and raised its kokudaka from 170,000 to 257,000 koku , Tosa Domain also demanded that its kokudaka be reassess as 257,000 koku , so that it would not lose prestige and be considered inferior to Tokushima. The shogunate refused the demand and Tosa Domain remained at 202,600 koku . However, this was an official, nominal, value, and

1728-449: The route until NYK decommissioned her on 21 December 1960. Her peacetime service on the route 1930–1941 and 1953–1960 totalled 238 voyages and 25,000 passengers. In 1961 Hikawa Maru was permanently berthed at Yamashita Park , Naka-ku, Yokohama , as a floating museum, hotel and restaurant. In 2005 her owners announced that they had suffered substantial financial losses and were seeking to sell Hikawa Maru . In December 2006 her museum

1776-523: The ship from Shanghai to Kobe , on his way to attempt to assassinate Emperor Hirohito . Kanō Jigorō , the founder of Judo and Japan's representative on the International Olympic Committee , died whilst aboard in 1938. In 1940–41, before Japan's entry to the Second World War , hundreds of Jewish refugees from Nazi persecution fled to Canada and the United States via Japan, and many of them sailed on Hikawa Maru . In August 1940

1824-602: The shipyard Japan Marine United in Kure, Hiroshima . The first delivered ship of the ten units to be built within end of 2018, was mv NYK Blue Jay launched in 2016. All 10 vessels received names of bird species (therefore called the NYK-bird class ). The ships are used on the European Far East route and are the largest container ships built in Japan so far, having a maximum container capacity of 14,026 TEU. In May 2021 NYK Line became

1872-458: The treasury of the parent domain, and thus did not have any physical estates. It was also not subject to sankin kōtai , as its daimyō alway resided at the domain's mansion in the Azabu area of Edo . The domain was abolished and reincorporated back into Tosa Domain in 1870. Hikawa Maru Hikawa Maru ( 氷川丸 ) is a retired Japanese ocean liner that Yokohama Dock Company built for

1920-566: Was about US$ 26 billion, and as a group NYK employs about 55,000 people worldwide. The company has offices in 240 places in 27 countries, warehouses on nearly every continent, and harbor operations in Asia, North America, and Europe. NYK head office is based in Tokyo, and has regional headquarters in London, New York, Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Sydney, and São Paulo. During the first decade of 2000s, NYK reached

1968-401: Was achieved by "ruse and violence ... Two boatloads containing 273 heads were sent to Tokugawa headquarters to demonstrate Yamauchi efficiency, and another 73 dissidents were crucified on the beach," however, stories that the Yamauchi invited major Chōsokabe retainers to a fake sumo tournament and had them massacred are believed to have been later fabrications. In any event, most of

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2016-494: Was an Israeli owned vessel. In May 2024 the owners asked the Houthis to release the crew. On Monday, 31 October 2016, Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha , Mitsui OSK Lines and Nippon Yusen Kaisha agreed to merge their container shipping business by establishing a completely new joint venture company. The integration included their overseas terminal activities. The joint venture company operates under the name " Ocean Network Express " (ONE), with

2064-627: Was assassinated by reactionary followers of Takechi Hanpeita how were against modernization. Subsequently, Yamauchi Toyoshige took action against Takechi's " Tosa Kinnō-tō " party and suppressed the Sonnō Jōi movement in the domain. Initially a strong supporter of the Kōbu gattai movement to join the shogunate with the Imperial House of Japan, he later led the domain into the Satchō Alliance and played

2112-453: Was introduced in 1929. The company also ran services connecting metropolitan Japan to its exterior provinces ( Chosen , Karafuto , Kwantung , Formosa and South Mandate ) of the Empire. From 1924, all new cargo ships for NYK were motor ships . NYK introduced its first passenger motor ships in 1929, but continued to buy a mixture of steam and motor passenger ships until 1939. In World War II,

2160-705: Was repaired in port and departed on 10 October. The second was on 15 July 1944 when a magnetic mine damaged her off the Caroline Islands . She stopped in Davao in the Philippines on 19–26 July where her damage was inspected and on 1 August she reached Yokosuka for repairs. The third was on 17 February 1945 when she was leaving the Port of Singapore . Her stern struck a mine in the Singapore Strait but she returned to port and

2208-664: Was repaired. In March and April the Mitsubishi dockyard at Yokohama made further repairs on her, and from 21 June to 4 July she was drydocked at Maizuru . When Japan surrendered on 15 August Hikawa Maru was one of only two Japanese large passenger ships to have survived the war. The other was another hospital ship, Osaka Shosen Kaisha ' s Takasago Maru . Hie Maru and Heian Maru had been converted into submarine depot ships and were attacked and sunk in 1943 and 1944. The United States occupied Japan and in September 1945

2256-407: Was revived in 1658 for Yamauchi Tadayoshi's second son Tadanao, but as a 30,000 koku holding. It was abolished in 1689. Tosa-Shinden Domain ( 土佐新田藩 , Tosa-Shinden han ) was created in 1780 as a 13,000 koku holding for Yamauchi Toyotada, from a hatamoto branch of the clan descended from the former daimyō of Tosa-Nakamura Domain. It had kokudaka of 13,000 koku taken directly form

2304-771: Was to stop in Hawaii , which continued to San Francisco and the Panama Canal . The next commercial routes were south from Japan, across the East China Sea . These went to Southeast Asia, the China coasts, and towards India and the Indian Ocean, to Europe or Batavia ( Dutch Indies ), or Australia and New Zealand . The fastest services took 10 days from Yokohama to Seattle, and one month to Europe. Local sea routes connected 78 home seaports (38 open to foreign trade). Yokohama, Kobe, and Osaka had

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