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18-418: NRZ may refer to: Lala language (Papua New Guinea) National Railways of Zimbabwe Neue Rheinische Zeitung , a newspaper published by Karl Marx Neue Ruhr Zeitung , a regional German newspaper Non-return-to-zero , an encoding technique. Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

36-414: A , i'a , ta , lai-mai , mu'i . Because the object pronoun usually comes in order after the subject pronoun, the object suffix is sometimes dropped without confusing the meaning. If the object pronoun comes first because of emphasis, the correct object suffix must be used to make the meaning clear. The causative prefix va- changes a root to a causative verb or noun. An example of this

54-497: A time–manner–place ordering of adpositional phrases . In linguistic typology, one can usefully distinguish two types of SOV languages in terms of their type of marking: In practice, of course, the distinction between these two types is far from sharp. Many SOV languages are substantially double-marking and tend to exhibit properties intermediate between the two idealised types above. Many languages that have shifted to SVO word order from earlier SOV retain (at least to an extent)

72-528: A , o , ka , de , and e are placed after a noun to indicate these three tenses. Past continuous tense uses the subject person markers lau a'o , oni o'o , i'a' e'o , ita ka'o , lai-lai a'o , oi-oi , i'a de'o . Remote past tense uses the marker ani . Future tense uses the subject markers lau ba , oni bo , i'a be , ita eka , lai-lai ba , oi-oi bo , and i'a be . Object suffixes are often used with transitive verbs. These object suffixes are u , mu ,

90-574: A belt bought has.") A rare example of SOV word order in English is "I (subject) thee (object) wed (verb)" in the wedding vow "With this ring, I thee wed." SOV languages have a strong tendency to use postpositions rather than prepositions , to place auxiliary verbs after the action verb, to place genitive noun phrases before the possessed noun, to place a name before a title or honorific ("James Uncle" and "Johnson Doctor" rather than "Uncle James" and "Doctor Johnson") and to have subordinators appear at

108-416: A sentence always or usually appear in that order. If English were SOV, "Sam oranges ate" would be an ordinary sentence, as opposed to the actual Standard English "Sam ate oranges" which is subject–verb–object (SVO). The term is often loosely used for ergative languages like Adyghe and Basque that really have agents instead of subjects. Among natural languages with a word order preference, SOV

126-525: Is va'ika 'to show', which is based on the root ika 'to look'. The nominalizing prefix i- changes words to nouns. An example of this is ivaku 'woven', from vaku 'to weave'. The prefix vi- does not take the object suffixes and is not used with the causative va- , nor does the duplication of the verb root occur with vi- . Negative modifiers are the general negator si'a 'not', asi'i 'no', and asido'o 'not yet'. Verbal modifiers of manner and time are presented in

144-462: Is in SVO word order. Non-finite verbs are placed at the end, however, since V2 only applies to the finite verb: " Ich will etwas über Karl sagen " ("I want to say something about Karl"). In a subordinate clause , the finite verb is not affected by V2, and also appears at the end of the sentence, resulting in full SOV order: " Ich sage, dass Karl einen Gürtel gekauft hat. " (Word-for-word: "I say that Karl

162-412: Is the most common type (followed by subject–verb–object ; the two types account for more than 87% of natural languages with a preferred order). Languages that have SOV structure include Standard Chinese is generally SVO but common constructions with verbal complements require SOV or OSV. Some Romance languages are SVO, but when the object is an enclitic pronoun, word order allows for SOV (see

180-584: The Lala language shares a 57% lexical similarity with the Toura language , and 47% with the Abadi language . The coastal surroundings of this land allows for vegetable farms and plenty of animals to be hunted, the wallaby being one notable example. The coast is also utilized for fishing. The Lala language contrasts five vowel qualities. The front vowels are always short, while the back (or non-front) vowels are always long. Hence,

198-406: The end of subordinate clauses. They have a weaker but significant tendency to place demonstrative adjectives before the nouns they modify. Relative clauses preceding the nouns to which they refer usually signals SOV word order, but the reverse does not hold: SOV languages feature prenominal and postnominal relative clauses roughly equally. SOV languages also seem to exhibit a tendency towards using

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216-448: The examples below). German and Dutch are considered SVO in conventional typology and SOV in generative grammar . They can be considered SOV but with V2 word order as an overriding rule for the finite verb in main clauses , which results in SVO in some cases and SOV in others. For example, in German, a basic sentence such as " Ich sage etwas über Karl " ("I say something about Karl")

234-405: The following two charts. The Lala language distinguishes alienable from inalienable possession, the latter of which refers to relatives, parts of the body, and close extensions of the body. Some nouns can be pluralized by reduplication. Examples of this are manu 'bird' and manumanu 'bird s ', and vato 'girl' and vavato 'girl s '. There are exceptions to this rule, for example

252-438: The name Saka and in sisima 'ship'. Introduced /t/ appears in boti 'boat'. Stress usually falls on the second-to-last syllable of a word. It shifts when a syllable is added to a word. In some words no apparent stress can be heard, except in combination. The stress can also be altered when the word is shouted. Simple present, simple past, and present continuous tenses marked on subject person markers. The markers

270-664: The properties: for example, the Finnish language (high usage of postpositions etc.) The Ethio-Semitic , Cushitic and Omotic languages generally exhibit SOV order. ተስፋዬ Täsəfayē Tesfaye Subject በሩን bärun the door Object ዘጋው zägaw closed Verb ተስፋዬ በሩን ዘጋው Täsəfayē bärun zägaw Tesfaye {the door} closed Subject Object Verb Tesfaye closed the door. Ayyantu Ayantu Subject buna coffee Object dhugti drinks Verb Ayyantu buna dhugti Ayantu coffee drinks Subject Object Verb Ayantu drinks coffee. Somali generally uses

288-435: The reduplicated word ate'ate 'woman' is singular, while the corresponding plural form is simpler a'ate 'women'. The basic constituent order in most sentences follows the structure subject–object–verb . The following clause types can be distinguished: Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb In linguistic typology , a subject–object–verb ( SOV ) language is one in which the subject , object , and verb of

306-483: The title NRZ . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NRZ&oldid=1134398905 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Lala language (Papua New Guinea) According to Ethnologue

324-412: The vowels are long /a/ , short /e/ , short /i/ , long /o/ , and long /u/ . Vowel pairs are au , ei , io , oe , oi , and ou . The following consonant phonemes are distinctive in the Lala language: The fricative /h/ only occurs in the words hosi 'horse' and Hulaha 'Hula people'. Consonants /s/ and /t/ were probably originally pronounced as [ts] . Introduced /s/ can be heard in

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