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21-659: The NIH Public Access Policy applies Division G, Title II, Section 218 of PL 110-161 ( Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 ) which states: The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall require that all investigators funded by the NIH submit or have submitted for them to the National Library of Medicine's PubMed Central an electronic version of their final, peer-reviewed manuscripts upon acceptance for publication, to be made publicly available no later than 12 months after

42-403: A function is defined in lowercase, it can be called in uppercase, but if a variable is defined in lowercase, it cannot be referred to in uppercase. Nim is case-insensitive and ignores underscores, as long as the first characters match. A text search operation could be case-sensitive or case-insensitive, depending on the system, application, or context. The user can in many cases specify whether

63-478: A journal on or after April 7, 2008 3. "And, arises from: Authors hold copyright in their work, and are responsible for making sure that in any agreement with a publisher they keep the right to give PubMed Central a non-exclusive license to make a copy of the paper available. Journals with agreements with NIH submit final published versions of papers. For other publishers, authors are required to submit papers when they are accepted for publication. The NIH grant holder

84-537: A scientist accepts as part of her funding a federal grant should not enable the federal government to commandeer the resulting research paper and treat it as a public domain work." The Fair Copyright in Research Works Act was a bill sponsored by John Conyers in 2008 and 2009 that sought to reverse the NIH policy. It failed to leave committee either year. In 2011 the Research Works Act was introduced to end

105-468: A search is sensitive to case, e.g. in most text editors, word processors, and Web browsers. A case-insensitive search is more comprehensive, finding "Language" (at the beginning of a sentence), "language", and "LANGUAGE" (in a title in capitals); a case-sensitive search will find the computer language "BASIC" but exclude most of the many unwanted instances of the word. For example, the Google Search engine

126-407: A source code tree for software for Unix-like systems might have both a file named Makefile and a file named makefile in the same directory. In addition, some Mac Installers assume case insensitivity and fail on case-sensitive file systems. The older MS-DOS filesystems FAT12 and FAT16 were case-insensitive and not case-preserving, so that a file whose name is entered as readme.txt or ReadMe.txt

147-530: Is a service from the National Library of Medicine that helps users at NIH-funded institutions locate and track the compliance of funded papers with the NIH Public Access Policy at an institutional level. Authorized members of an institution can get a quick snapshot of their institution's compliance rate or help researchers achieve compliance. PACM provides users with a list of all PubMed citations associated with an institution's NIH funding and classifies

168-493: Is also the first one for a public funding agency anywhere in the world that was demanded by the national legislature rather than initiated and adopted independently by the agency." In the first few years after the policy was introduced, there were two major legislative efforts to reverse it, primarily driven by some publishers' objections. According to Patrick Ross, the director of the Copyright Alliance : "The mere fact that

189-578: Is basically case-insensitive, with no option for case-sensitive search. In Oracle SQL, most operations and searches are case-sensitive by default, while in most other DBMSes , SQL searches are case-insensitive by default. Case-insensitive operations are sometimes said to fold case , from the idea of folding the character code table so that upper- and lowercase letters coincide. In filesystems in Unix-like systems, filenames are usually case-sensitive (there can be separate readme.txt and Readme.txt files in

210-526: Is responsible for ensuring this. The author, publisher, or institution continues to hold the copyright as usual. The author may choose to include the article in the Open Access Subset by using one of the Creative Commons licenses. Publishers may require that "public access" be delayed up to 12 months after publication. Only the author's final draft needs to be published, not any contributions made by

231-605: Is saved as README.TXT. Later, with VFAT in Windows 95 the FAT file systems became case-preserving as an extension of supporting long filenames . Later Windows file systems such as NTFS are internally case-sensitive, and a readme.txt and a Readme.txt can coexist in the same directory. However, for practical purposes filenames behave as case-insensitive as far as users and most software are concerned. This can cause problems for developers or software coming from Unix-like environments, similar to

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252-466: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try

273-474: The articles according to compliance status (i.e., Compliant, Non-Compliant, In Process). The compliance monitor also provides detailed information about each article including: Compliance reports can be downloaded from these lists and the data filtered based on an institution's needs. Peter Suber described the policy as "the first open access mandate for a major public funding agency in the United States; it

294-951: The 💕 Look for Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use

315-566: The official date of publication: Provided, that the NIH shall implement the public access policy in a manner consistent with copyright law. The policy was initially implemented by the NIH as a voluntary policy in 2004. In 2008, the policy was made mandatory by law in Division G, Title II, Section 218 of PL 110-161 (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008). Deposit was then mandated on January 11, 2008, effective April 7, 2008. The work must be: 1. Peer reviewed 2. Published or approved for publication by

336-548: The policy. It died after protests from the academic community and science publisher Elsevier 's withdrawal of support. In 2013 a survey of persons receiving NIH funding and therefore subject to the NIH Public Access policy reported that among 94 respondents, 30% had little understanding of the NIH Public Access Policy and all but two of them said that they accepted the default terms of their copyright forms "as is". Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 From Misplaced Pages,

357-425: The publisher. PubMed Central is the designated repository for papers submitted in accordance with the NIH Public Access Policy and for those that fall under similar policies from other funding agencies. By April 2014, the NIH had increased enforcement of compliance with its Public Access Policy by delaying continuing grant payments for noncompliance. The Public Access Compliance Monitor (PACM or "compliance monitor")

378-701: The purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for the first character; please check alternative capitalizations and consider adding a redirect here to the correct title. If the page has been deleted, check the deletion log , and see Why was the page I created deleted? Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2008 " Case sensitivity In computers, case sensitivity defines whether uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as distinct ( case-sensitive ) or equivalent ( case-insensitive ). For instance, when users interested in learning about dogs search an e-book , "dog" and "Dog" are of

399-506: The same directory). MacOS is somewhat unusual in that, by default, it uses HFS+ and APFS in a case-insensitive (so that there cannot be a readme.txt and a Readme.txt in the same directory) but case-preserving mode (so that a file created as readme.txt is shown as readme.txt and a file created as Readme.txt is shown as Readme.txt) by default. This causes some issues for developers and power users , because most file systems in other Unix-like environments are case-sensitive, and, for example,

420-763: The same significance to them. Thus, they request a case-insensitive search. But when they search an online encyclopedia for information about the United Nations , for example, or something with no ambiguity regarding capitalization and ambiguity between two or more terms cut down by capitalization, they may prefer a case-sensitive search. Case sensitivity may differ depending on the situation: Some programming languages are case-sensitive for their identifiers ( C , C++ , Java , C# , Verilog , Ruby , Python and Swift ). Others are case-insensitive (i.e., not case-sensitive), such as ABAP , Ada , most BASICs (an exception being BBC BASIC ), Common Lisp , Fortran , SQL (for

441-508: The syntax, and for some vendor implementations, e.g. Microsoft SQL Server , the data itself) Pascal , Rexx and ooRexx . There are also languages, such as Haskell , Prolog , and Go , in which the capitalisation of an identifier encodes information about its semantics . Some other programming languages have varying case sensitivity; in PHP , for example, variable names are case-sensitive but function names are not case-sensitive. This means that if

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