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19-561: During the Middle Ages, the town and castle were an alod of the Luchen family. On 28 October 1287, Rapoto Luchen announced that he had entered an agreement with Archbishop Rudolph of Salzburg to hand over the alod, become the archbishop's ministerialis , and thereafter run the lands as a fief of the Prince-Archbishops of Salzburg. On 28 September 1322, the decisive Battle of Mühldorf

38-630: A fief by the owner surrendering it to a lord and receiving it back as a fief. Allodial land title is common in the Isle of Man which has laws with Nordic origins. A version called udal tenure exists in the Orkney and Shetland Islands, also of Nordic origin. These are the only parts of the United Kingdom where allodial title exists, with the few exceptions. One such exception is the Scottish Barony of

57-757: A direct influence. George Garnett and John Hudson write in the introduction of the Third Edition that "a picture of closer ties between the Crusade and developments in England can be sketched". Several of John's opponents in England were connected to the Crusade. Stephen Langton 's brother Walter Langton and Hugh de Lacy fought alongside Simon de Montfort during the Albigensian Crusade in Languedoc . Baronial leader Robert fitz Walter fled to France in 1212 where he

76-671: A manner akin to allodial land in that these titles are not subject to the ultimate ownership of the Crown. In France, while allodial title existed before the French Revolution , it was rare and limited to ecclesiastical properties and property that had fallen out of feudal ownership. After the French Revolution allodial title became the norm in France and other civil law countries that were under Napoleonic legal influences. In October 1854,

95-535: A thesis titled The "Northern" Barons Under John in 1952, at Merton College, Oxford . He held the positions of Lecturer (1949–1962) and then Professor of Medieval History (1962–65) at the University of Nottingham , Professor of History at the University of Reading (1965–1978) and Professor of Medieval History at the University of Cambridge from 1978 until his retirement in 1988. From 1981 until 1988 he served as

114-409: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Alod Allodial title constitutes ownership of real property (land, buildings, and fixtures ) that is independent of any superior landlord. Allodial title is related to the concept of land held in allodium , or land ownership by occupancy and defence of the land. Most property ownership in common law jurisdictions is fee simple . In

133-712: The Bachuil , which is not of feudal origin like other baronies but is allodial in that it predates (A.D. 562) Scotland itself and the feudal system, dating from the Gaelic Kingdom of Dál Riata . In recognition as allodial Barons par le Grâce de Dieu not barons by a feudal crown grant, the Baron of the Bachuil has the only coat of arms in Scotland granted a cap of maintenance with a " vair " ( squirrel fur) lining (as opposed to ermine ) by

152-526: The Lord Lyon Court . Another exception is Somerset House which was vested in His Majesty explicitly not in fee simple, and is held to be allodial. James Holt (historian) Sir James Clarke Holt FBA FRHistS (26 April 1922 – 9 April 2014), also known as J. C. Holt and Jim Holt , was an English medieval historian , known particularly for his work on Magna Carta . He

171-447: The Salic law (c. A.D. 507–596) and other Germanic laws . The word is a compound of * all "whole, full" and * ōd "estate, property" (cf. Old Saxon ōd , Old English ead , Old Norse auðr ). Allodial tenure seems to have been common throughout northern Europe, but is now unknown in common law jurisdictions apart from Scotland and the Isle of Man . An allod could be converted into

190-619: The seigneurial system of Lower Canada , which had been ceded from France to Britain in 1763 at the conclusion of the Seven Years' War , was extinguished by the Seigneurial Tenures Abolition Act of October 1854, and a form similar to socage replaced it. Property owned under allodial title is referred to as allodial land, allodium, or an allod . In the Domesday Book of 1086 it is called alod. Historically, allodial title

209-589: The "Innwerk" industrial park in Töging am Inn . Around 44 U.S. Air personnel are thought to have perished during the return flight following one of these raids. Civilian casualties are believed to be much higher due to many aircraft crews being unable to identify their primary objectives. Freed, John B. Noble Bondsmen: Ministerial Marriages in the Archdiocese of Salzburg, 1100-1343 . (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995) This Mühldorf district location article

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228-628: The Master of Fitzwilliam College. He was on the governing body of Abingdon School from 1969 to 1979. Holt became a Fellow of the British Academy in 1978 and was its Vice President from 1987 to 1989, was president of the Royal Historical Society (1981–1985), and was knighted for his work as an historian. Holt made his name with the book Magna Carta , which came out in its original edition in 1965. In this work he treated charter in

247-562: The United States, the land is subject to eminent domain by federal, state and local government, and subject to the imposition of taxes by state and/or local governments, and there is thus no true allodial land. Land is "held of the Crown " in England and Wales and other jurisdictions in the Commonwealth realms . Some land in the Orkney and Shetland Islands, known as udal land , is held in

266-474: The context of the political framework of its time. The second edition was published in 1992. Holt retained the thematic structure, although he had entertained the thought of revising the work as a clause by clause commentary. New appendices were added for the second edition, and previous ones were expanded. Some parts of the main text underwent limited revision. Holt did not defend his original analysis from critics as much as aggressively restate his views. One of

285-536: The most noted aspects of Holt's work on Magna Carta has been its attention to events in continental Europe. Several studies undertaken after the publication of the Second Edition have expanded on the turmoil between John and Pope Innocent III , most significantly the Albigensian Crusade . Holt's original analysis noted similarties between the Statute of Pamiers and Magna Carta, but remained cautious and unwilling to claim

304-678: The word alodium , whatever its sense in other parts of the Continent, meant, not land held free of seigneurial services, but land held by hereditary right ", and that " alodium and feodum should be given the same meaning in England". Allodium , meaning "land exempt from feudal duties", is first attested in English-language texts in the 11th-century Domesday Book , but was borrowed from Old Low Franconian * allōd , meaning "full property", and attested in Latin as e.g., alodis , alaudes , in

323-533: Was fought here between Bavaria and Salzburg. Before the battle, the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg knighted several of the burghers of the town. In 1802, Mühldorf became part of Bavaria . During World War II , it was the site of the Mühldorf concentration camp complex . Several Allied air raids directed at the area were designed to target the rail links into Munich and disrupt the transportation of materiel from

342-485: Was sometimes used to distinguish ownership of land without feudal duties from ownership by feudal tenure which restricted alienation and burdened land with the tenurial rights of a landholder's overlord or sovereign . Allodial lands are the absolute property of their owner and not subject to any rent , service, or acknowledgment to a superior. Allodial title is therefore an alternative to feudal land tenure . However, historian James Holt states that "In Normandy

361-489: Was the third Master of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge , serving between 1981 and 1988. Educated at Bradford Grammar School , Holt's studies at The Queen's College, Oxford , were interrupted by war service with the British Army, including 14 months in north-west Europe in 1944–1945. Returning to The Queen's College in 1945, he graduated with first-class honours in history in 1947, and subsequently took his DPhil with

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