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45-559: The province is considered a part of historical Western Armenia . Before the Armenian genocide , the area was a part of the Six Armenian Vilayets . The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority. Avni Çakır was appointed Governor of the province in August 2023. There are a total of 8 mountain ranges, 4 of which are large, in the province. Muş province

90-491: A 2012 survey, 36% of Armenians asked agree or somewhat agree that Turkish recognition of the Armenian Genocide will result in territorial compensation, while 45% believe it will not. The online publication Barometer.am wrote: "It appears that our pragmatic population believes that all possible demands should be forwarded to Turkey [...] but a relative majority consider the practical realization of territorial claims to Turkey

135-590: A commercial scale. Early industrialization was conducted by J. Pullar and Sons in Scotland. The first synthetic dye, mauve , was discovered serendipitously by William Henry Perkin in 1856. The discovery of mauveine started a surge in synthetic dyes and in organic chemistry in general. Other aniline dyes followed, such as fuchsine , safranine , and induline . Many thousands of synthetic dyes have since been prepared. The discovery of mauve also led to developments within immunology and chemotherapy . In 1863

180-439: A living body - administered by injection or other means (intravital staining) - as the latter is (for instance) subject to higher safety standards, and must typically be a chemical known to avoid causing adverse effects on any biochemistry (until cleared from the tissue), not just to the tissue being studied, or in the short term. The term "vital stain" is occasionally used interchangeably with both intravital and supravital stains,

225-406: A microscope). As the visibility is meant to allow study of the cells or tissues, it is usually important that the dye not have other effects on the structure or function of the tissue that might impair objective observation. A distinction is drawn between dyes that are meant to be used on cells that have been removed from the organism prior to study (supravital staining) and dyes that are used within

270-658: Is a term to refer to the western parts of the Armenian highlands located within Turkey (formerly the Ottoman Empire ) that comprise the historical homeland of the Armenians . Western Armenia, also referred to as Byzantine Armenia , emerged following the division of Greater Armenia between the Byzantine Empire (Western Armenia) and Sassanid Persia ( Eastern Armenia ) in AD 387. Since

315-559: Is added to the dye bath to help the uptake of the dye onto the fiber. Basic dyes are also used in the coloration of paper . Direct or substantive dyeing is normally carried out in a neutral or slightly alkaline dye bath, at or near boiling point , with the addition of either sodium chloride (NaCl) or sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) or sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ). Direct dyes are used on cotton , paper, leather , wool, silk and nylon . They are also used as pH indicators and as biological stains . Laser dyes are used in

360-521: Is considered a key issue in the modern history of the Armenian people. In 1894–1896 and 1915 the Ottoman Empire perpetrated systematic massacres and forced deportations of Armenians resulting in the Armenian genocide . The massive deportation and killings of Armenians began in the spring 1915. On 24 April 1915, Armenian intellectuals and community leaders were deported from Constantinople . Depending on

405-633: Is surrounded by Otluk Mountains in the middle, Akdoğan Mountains in the north, Bingöl Mountains in the northwest, Şerafettin Mountains in the west, Karaçavuş Mountains in the southwest, Yakupağa Mountains and Bilican Mountains in the southeast, Cemalverdi Mountains in the east. Plains constitute 27.2 percent of the Muş provincial area. The most important are Muş , Bulanık , Malazgirt and Liz Plains. The main largest lakes in Muş are Lake Akdoğan , Lake Haçlı and Lake Kaz . The main plant species in

450-486: Is the food dye . Because food dyes are classed as food additives , they are manufactured to a higher standard than some industrial dyes. Food dyes can be direct, mordant and vat dyes, and their use is strictly controlled by legislation . Many are azo dyes, although anthraquinone and triphenylmethane compounds are used for colors such as green and blue . Some naturally occurring dyes are also used. A number of other classes have also been established, including: By

495-581: Is unrealistic." Dye A dye is a colored substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied. This distinguishes dyes from pigments which do not chemically bind to the material they color. Dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution and may require a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber. The majority of natural dyes are derived from non-animal sources such as roots, berries, bark, leaves, wood, fungi and lichens . However, due to large-scale demand and technological improvements, most dyes used in

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540-463: Is used. The very fine particle size gives a large surface area that aids dissolution to allow uptake by the fiber. The dyeing rate can be significantly influenced by the choice of dispersing agent used during the grinding. Azoic dyeing is a technique in which an insoluble Azo dye is produced directly onto or within the fiber. This is achieved by treating a fiber with both diazoic and coupling components . With suitable adjustment of dyebath conditions

585-643: The Armenian genocide , the Armenian diaspora as well as Armenians indigenous to modern Turkey have sought political representation in Western Armenia or reunification with the Republic of Armenia. The area was conquered by the Ottomans in the 16th century during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555) against their Iranian Safavid arch-rivals. Being passed on from the former to the latter, Ottoman rule over

630-829: The Armenian language , there are several names for the region. Today, the most common is Arevmtyan Hayastan (Արևմտյան Հայաստան) in Eastern Armenian (mostly spoken in Armenia , Russia , Georgia , Iran ) and Arevmdean Hayasdan (Արեւմտեան Հայաստան) in Western Armenian (spoken in the Diaspora : US , France , Lebanon , Syria , Argentina , etc.). Archaic names (used before the 1920s) include Tačkahayastan (Տաճկահայաստան) in Eastern and Daǰkahayasdan in Western Armenian. Also used in

675-562: The Republic of Georgia in a prehistoric cave dated to 36,000 BP . Archaeological evidence shows that, particularly in India and Phoenicia , dyeing has been widely carried out for over 5,000 years. Early dyes were obtained from animal , vegetable or mineral sources, with no to very little processing. By far the greatest source of dyes has been from the plant kingdom , notably roots, berries, bark, leaves and wood, only few of which are used on

720-633: The Sykes–Picot agreement . Currently, Armenia does not have any territorial claims against Turkey , although one political party, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation , the largest Armenian party in the diaspora , claims the area given to the Republic of Armenia (1918–1920) by US President Woodrow Wilson 's arbitral award as part of the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920, also known as Wilsonian Armenia . Since 2000, an organizing committee of

765-416: The 1890s . The Armenians living in their ancestral lands were exterminated or deported by Ottoman forces during the 1915 Armenian genocide and over the following years. The systematic destruction of Armenian cultural heritage, which had endured over 4000 years, is considered an example of cultural genocide . Since 2000, an organizing committee of the congress of heirs of Western Armenians who survived

810-541: The Armenian genocide is active in diasporan communities . On August 10, 2020, the three traditional Armenian parties—the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF, Dashnaks), Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (Hunchaks) and the Armenian Democratic Liberal Party (Ramgavars)—issued a joint statement on the centenary of the Sèvres Treaty, stating that the treaty is the only international document defining

855-424: The Muş province are toxic Ferula and non-toxic Ferula, Rheum ribes , Gundelia , Sorrel , Arum maculatum , Eremurus spectabilis , Diplotaenia cachrydifolia Boiss, Chaerophyllum macrospermum, Thymus (plant) , Chondrilla juncea , Tulipa sintenisii , Eryngium billardieri , Chicory , Astragalus kurdicus, Paeonia turcica and Euphorbia sp . In addition, there are Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae mushrooms in

900-647: The Ottoman Empire that remained under Ottoman rule after the eastern part of Armenia was ceded to the Russian Empire by the Qajar Persians , following the Russo-Persian War (1804–1813) and Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) . Western (Ottoman) Armenia consisted of six vilayets ( vilâyat-ı sitte ): the vilayets of Erzurum , Van , Bitlis , Diyarbekir , Kharput , and Sivas . The fate of Western Armenia – commonly referred to as "The Armenian Question " –

945-555: The addition of salt to produce a lake pigment . Textile dyeing dates back to the Neolithic period. Throughout history, people have dyed their textiles using common, locally available materials. Scarce dyestuffs that produced brilliant and permanent colors such as the natural invertebrate dyes Tyrian purple and crimson kermes were highly prized luxury items in the ancient and medieval world. Plant-based dyes such as woad , indigo , saffron , and madder were important trade goods in

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990-462: The border between Armenia and Turkey. "The Treaty of Sevres is a valid international treaty, although it has not been ratified by all signatories, but it has not been legally replaced by any other international instrument. At least from the point of view of the rights of the Armenian Cause, the Republic of Armenia and the Armenian nation, it remains a promissory note based on international law." In

1035-472: The congress of heirs of Western Armenians who survived the Armenian genocide is active in diasporan communities. A 2014 survey in Armenia asked what kind of demands should Armenia make to Turkey. Some 80% agreed that Armenia should make territorial claims (30% said only territorial claims, while another 50% said territorial, moral, financial, and proprietary). Only 5.5% said no demands should be made. According to

1080-410: The dyeing of cellulose acetate , and are water-insoluble. The dyes are finely ground in the presence of a dispersing agent and sold as a paste, or spray-dried and sold as a powder. Their main use is to dye polyester , but they can also be used to dye nylon, cellulose triacetate , and acrylic fibers. In some cases, a dyeing temperature of 130 °C (266 °F) is required, and a pressurized dyebath

1125-586: The eastern boundary of Anatolia was not considered to extend as far as the Araxes , the river which marks the present day boundary between the states of Armenia and Iran . After the Ottoman-Persian War (1623–1639) , Western Armenia became decisively part of the Ottoman Empire . After the Russo-Turkish War, 1828–1829 , the term "Western Armenia" referred to the Armenian -populated historical regions of

1170-503: The economies of Asia and Europe. Across Asia and Africa, patterned fabrics were produced using resist dyeing techniques to control the absorption of color in piece-dyed cloth. Dyes from the New World such as cochineal and logwood were brought to Europe by the Spanish treasure fleets, and the dyestuffs of Europe were carried by colonists to America. Dyed flax fibers have been found in

1215-579: The every high parts of the province. Frangula alnus and Prunus cerasifera are located on the humid shores of the lakes. Oak trees, Crataegus monogyna , Rosa canina , Malus sylvestris , Pyrus elaeagrifolia , Prunus mahaleb , Aria edulis and Cotoneaster nummularius are other trees in the Muş Province. The main animals in the region are Bear , Wolf , Fox , Pig , Partridge , Lynx , Duck , Turtle , Williams's jerboa , Caspian turtle and European green lizard . The touristic places in Muş are

1260-493: The fabric in a solution of an organic compound, typically a nitrophenol derivative, and sulfide or polysulfide . The organic compound reacts with the sulfide source to form dark colors that adhere to the fabric. Sulfur Black 1, the largest selling dye by volume, does not have a well defined chemical structure. Some dyes commonly used in Staining: One other class that describes the role of dyes, rather than their mode of use,

1305-454: The fiber is attributed, at least partly, to salt formation between anionic groups in the dyes and cationic groups in the fiber. Acid dyes are not substantive to cellulosic fibers. Most synthetic food colors fall in this category. Examples of acid dye are Alizarine Pure Blue B, Acid red 88 , etc. Basic dyes are water-soluble cationic dyes that are mainly applied to acrylic fibers , but find some use for wool and silk. Usually acetic acid

1350-448: The fiber substrate. The covalent bonds that attach reactive dye to natural fibers make them among the most permanent of dyes. "Cold" reactive dyes, such as Procion MX , Cibacron F , and Drimarene K , are very easy to use because the dye can be applied at room temperature. Reactive dyes are by far the best choice for dyeing cotton and other cellulose fibers at home or in the art studio. Disperse dyes were originally developed for

1395-401: The forerunner to Bayer AG was formed in what became Wuppertal , Germany . In 1891, Paul Ehrlich discovered that certain cells or organisms took up certain dyes selectively. He then reasoned that a sufficiently large dose could be injected to kill pathogenic microorganisms, if the dye did not affect other cells. Ehrlich went on to use a compound to target syphilis , the first time a chemical

Muş Province - Misplaced Pages Continue

1440-529: The historical Murat Bridge , the tulips on the Muş Plain , Muş Castle, Haspet Castle , Kepenek Castle , Kayalıdere Castle , Mercimekkale Mound , Lake Akdoğan , Künav Cave , Lake Haçlı , Malazgirt Castle and Esenlik Mosque . The city is served by the Muş Airport . It has a train station and a bus station(MUŞTİ). Muş province is divided into 6 districts (capital district in bold ): Historically, Muş

1485-559: The modern world are synthetically produced from substances such as petrochemicals. Some are extracted from insects and/or minerals . Synthetic dyes are produced from various chemicals. The great majority of dyes are obtained in this way because of their superior cost, optical properties (color), and resilience (fastness, mordancy). Both dyes and pigments are colored, because they absorb only some wavelengths of visible light . Dyes are usually soluble in some solvent, whereas pigments are insoluble. Some dyes can be rendered insoluble with

1530-718: The nature of their chromophore , dyes are divided into: Dyes produced by the textile, printing and paper industries are a source of pollution of rivers and waterways. An estimated 700,000 tons of dyestuffs are produced annually (1990 data). The disposal of that material has received much attention, using chemical and biological means. A "vital dye" or stain is a dye capable of penetrating living cells or tissues without causing immediate visible degenerative changes. Such dyes are useful in medical and pathological fields in order to selectively color certain structures (such as cells) in order to distinguish them from surrounding tissue and thus make them more visible for study (for instance, under

1575-474: The production of some lasers, optical media ( CD-R ), and camera sensors ( color filter array ). Mordant dyes require a mordant , which improves the fastness of the dye against water, light and perspiration . The choice of mordant is very important as different mordants can change the final color significantly. Most natural dyes are mordant dyes and there is therefore a large literature base describing dyeing techniques. The most important mordant dyes are

1620-401: The region became only decisive after the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1623–1639 . The area then became known also as Turkish Armenia or Ottoman Armenia . During the 19th century, the Russian Empire conquered all of Eastern Armenia from Iran , and also some parts of Turkish Armenia, such as Kars . The region's Armenian population was affected during the widespread massacres of Armenians in

1665-492: The same period were T'urk'ahayastan (Թուրքահայաստան) or T'rk'ahayastan (Թրքահայաստան), both meaning Turkish Armenia . In the Turkish language , the literal translation of Western Armenia is Batı Ermenistan . The region has been officially described as Eastern Anatolia ( Doğu Anadolu ) since the seven geographical regions of Turkey were defined at the 1941 First Geography Congress . Throughout much of recorded history

1710-1011: The sources cited, about 1,500,000 Armenians were killed during this act. During the Caucasus campaign of World War I , the Russian Empire occupied most of the Armenian-populated regions of the Ottoman Empire. A temporary provincial government was established in occupied areas between 1915 and 1918. The chaos caused by the Russian Revolution of 1917 put a stop to all Russian military operations and Russian forces began to conduct withdrawals. The first and second congresses of Western Armenians took place in Yerevan in 1917 and 1919. The Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement of 26 April 1916 between Russian Foreign minister Sergey Sazonov and French ambassador to Russia Maurice Paléologue proposed to give Western Armenia to Russia in return for Russian assent to

1755-532: The synthetic mordant dyes, or chrome dyes, used for wool; these comprise some 30% of dyes used for wool, and are especially useful for black and navy shades. The mordant potassium dichromate is applied as an after-treatment. It is important to note that many mordants, particularly those in the heavy metal category, can be hazardous to health and extreme care must be taken in using them. Vat dyes are essentially insoluble in water and incapable of dyeing fibres directly. However, reduction in alkaline liquor produces

1800-404: The two components react to produce the required insoluble azo dye. This technique of dyeing is unique, in that the final color is controlled by the choice of the diazoic and coupling components. This method of dyeing cotton is declining in importance due to the toxic nature of the chemicals used. Sulfur dyes are inexpensive dyes used to dye cotton with dark colors. Dyeing is effected by heating

1845-408: The underlying concept in either case being that the cells examined are still alive. In a stricter sense, the term "vital staining" means the polar opposite of "supravital staining." If living cells absorb the stain during supravital staining, they exclude it during "vital staining"; for example, they color negatively while only dead cells color positively, and thus viability can be determined by counting

Muş Province - Misplaced Pages Continue

1890-565: The visible region (some examples are nitro , azo , quinoid groups) and an auxochrome which serves to deepen the color. This theory has been superseded by modern electronic structure theory which states that the color in dyes is due to excitation of valence π-electrons by visible light. Dyes are classified according to their solubility and chemical properties. Acid dyes are water - soluble anionic dyes that are applied to fibers such as silk , wool , nylon and modified acrylic fibers using neutral to acid dye baths. Attachment to

1935-412: The water-soluble alkali metal salt of the dye. This form is often colorless, in which case it is referred to as a Leuco dye , and has an affinity for the textile fibre. Subsequent oxidation reforms the original insoluble dye. The color of denim is due to indigo , the original vat dye. Reactive dyes utilize a chromophore attached to a substituent that is capable of directly reacting with

1980-465: Was known for producing wheat . The province also grew madder , but locals retained it, using it for dye . The area also had salt mines . As of 1920, the region had so much salt that it was said to have enough to supply Europe and Asia. 39°00′02″N 41°49′38″E  /  39.00056°N 41.82722°E  / 39.00056; 41.82722 Western Armenia Western Armenia ( Western Armenian : Արեւմտեան Հայաստան, Arevmdian Hayasdan )

2025-448: Was used in order to selectively kill bacteria in the body. He also used methylene blue to target the plasmodium responsible for malaria . The color of a dye is dependent upon the ability of the substance to absorb light within the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum (380–750 nm). An earlier theory known as Witt theory stated that a colored dye had two components, a chromophore which imparts color by absorbing light in

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