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92-507: Under the Roman Empire a hamlet called Montetum existed, which the Alamanni invaders referred to as Mittenza since the 3rd century CE. At the beginning of the 9th century CE the settlement came into the possession of the bishopric of Strasbourg . In the following centuries various noble families were invested with the fief . Muttenz is first mentioned around 1225-26 as Muttence . In 1277 it

184-821: A Roman force under Lucius Cassius Longinus at the Battle of Burdigala in 107 BC, but after the Roman victory over the Teutons at Aquae Sextiae in 102 BC, the Tigurini returned to settle in the Swiss Plateau. In 61 BC, the Helvetii, led by Orgetorix , decided to leave their lands and move to the West, burning their settlements behind them – twelve oppida , according to Caesar, and some 400 villages. They were decisively beaten by Caesar in

276-545: A border area. Its defenses were strengthened, especially under Diocletian and Constantine , who rebuilt the roads and built castles ( castra ) alongside. Numerous fortifications were built along the Rhine border and further south, providing for a defense in depth . The border fortifications were completed by Valentinian I in 371, who established a chain of watchtowers along the Rhine from Lake Constance to Basel , with each tower no more than 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) away from

368-463: A fusion of Roman and local culture that characterized all aspects of society. Latin , the language of government and instruction, only gradually replaced the local Celtic dialects in everyday use. Local artworks and religious icons of the period exhibit influences of ornamental Celtic art , classical Greco-Roman art and even Oriental styles from the far reaches of the Empire. An important incentive for

460-503: A more thorough campaign by Drusus and the later emperor Tiberius brought Raetia – and thereby all of Switzerland – firmly under Roman control. The tropaeum alpium , built by Augustus in 7 BC to celebrate his conquest of the Alps, lists among the defeated peoples the tribes of Raetia and of the Valais, but not the Helvetii. It appears that they were absorbed peacefully into the Empire during

552-599: A network of roads connecting their newly established colonial cities and divided up the area among the Roman provinces . Roman civilization began to retreat from Swiss territory when it became a border region again after the Crisis of the Third Century . Roman control weakened after 401 AD, but did not entirely disappear until the mid-5th century after which the area began to be occupied by Germanic peoples . The Swiss plateau , within

644-481: A pair of magistrates, the duoviri , elected annually first by all citizens older than 25, and in later times by the city council or ordo decurionum . The 100 members of this council, which corresponded to the Roman Senate , were selected by the duomviri among former officials or priests according to their wealth, and held office for life. Augusta Raurica and Aventicum were also the civitates , or capitals, of

736-542: A private car. From the 2000 census, 4,844 or 29.1% were Roman Catholic , while 7,126 or 42.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 135 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.81% of the population), there were 44 individuals (or about 0.26% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church , and there were 709 individuals (or about 4.26% of

828-694: A safe and direct route from Gaul to Italy a priority. In 25 BC, an army under Aulus Terentius Varro Murena wiped out the Salassi in the Aosta Valley . At some time between 25 and 7 BC – either following the Aosta campaign or, more likely, in the course of the conquest of Raetia in 15 BC – a campaign also subjugated the Celtic tribes of the Valais and opened the Great St Bernard Pass. That conquest

920-451: A sufficiently small time interval: A positive growth rate indicates that the population is increasing, while a negative growth rate indicates that the population is decreasing. A growth ratio of zero indicates that there were the same number of individuals at the beginning and end of the period—a growth rate may be zero even when there are significant changes in the birth rates , death rates , immigration rates , and age distribution between

1012-541: A total of 7,440 households that answered this question, 32.8% were households made up of just one person and 42 were adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 2,368 married couples without children, 2,045 married couples with children There were 351 single parents with a child or children. There were 94 households that were made up unrelated people and 100 households that were made some sort of institution or another collective housing. In 2000 there were 2,364 single-family homes (or 68.5% of

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1104-552: Is 2,676 people or 15.4% of the population are between 65 and 79 years old and there are 1,087 people or 6.3% who are over 80. As of 2000, there were 6,189 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 8,470 married individuals, 1,099 widows or widowers and 896 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000, there were 7,340 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. There were 2,440 households that consist of only one person and 360 households with five or more people. Out of

1196-597: Is a communal housing estate with 150 buildings built in 1920 by Hannes Meyer (1889–1954), a Bauhaus -affiliated architect. It is also listed as a heritage site of national significance. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 30.59% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (27.32%), the FDP (13.79%) and the Green Party (12.37%). In

1288-469: Is a separable differential equation, the population may be solved explicitly, producing a logistic function : where A = K − P 0 P 0 {\displaystyle A={\frac {K-P_{0}}{P_{0}}}} and P 0 {\displaystyle P_{0}} is the initial population at time 0. The world population growth rate peaked in 1963 at 2.2% per year and subsequently declined. In 2017,

1380-452: Is in direct contrast with less developed contexts, where population growth is still happening. Globally, the rate of population growth has declined from a peak of 2.2% per year in 1963. Population growth alongside increased consumption is a driver of environmental concerns , such as biodiversity loss and climate change , due to overexploitation of natural resources for human development . International policy focused on mitigating

1472-599: Is located in the Arlesheim district, east of Basel. The old village center was between the Rütihard and Wartenberg hills. The modern housing and industrial section is along the Rhine . The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure, issuant a Castle with three Towers Gules windowed Sable from which a Semi-lion rampant issuant double-queued of the second. Muttenz has a population (as of June 2021) of 18,020. As of 2008, 17.2% of

1564-417: Is settled (buildings or roads), 0.34 km (0.13 sq mi) or 2.0% is either rivers or lakes and 0.01 km (2.5 acres) or 0.1% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 8.1% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 14.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 15.0%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.7% of

1656-743: Is spoken to this day. The assassination of Aetius in 454 and the subsequent retreat of Roman forces to the south of the Alps marked the definitive end of Roman power in Switzerland, and the beginning of the transition to the Middle Ages . Population growth#Population growth rate Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 8.1 billion in 2024. The UN projected population to keep growing, and estimates have put

1748-402: Is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period, expressed as a fraction of the initial population. Specifically, population growth rate refers to the change in population over a unit time period, often expressed as a percentage of the number of individuals in the population at the beginning of that period. This can be written as the formula, valid for

1840-735: The Allobroges around Geneva came under Roman sway by 121 BC and was incorporated into the province of Gallia Narbonensis before the Gallic Wars (58–51 BC). In around 110 BC, two Helvetic tribes under Divico – the Tigurini and the Tougeni , sometimes identified with the Teutons – joined the wandering Germanic Cimbri on a march to the West. In the course of the Cimbrian War they defeated

1932-799: The Allobroges around Geneva . South of the Swiss plateau were the Nantuates , Seduni and Veragri in the Valais , the Lepontii in the Ticino , and the Raetians controlled the Grisons as well as large areas around it. The first part of what is now Switzerland to fall to Rome was the southern Ticino , annexed after the Roman victory over the Insubres in 222 BC. The territory of

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2024-497: The Battle of Bibracte in 58 BC. After their surrender, Caesar sent the Helvetii home, according them the status of foederati or Roman allies, but not yet (as has previously been believed) fully subjugating them to Roman sovereignty. Caesar's policy aimed at controlling the territory west of the Jura and Rhine , as well as at blocking the potential incursion routes from the East along

2116-506: The DRC are witnessing a similar growth in population. The following table gives some example countries or territories: Human population projections are attempts to extrapolate how human populations will change in the future. These projections are an important input to forecasts of the population's impact on this planet and humanity's future well-being. Models of population growth take trends in human development and apply projections into

2208-516: The global population to increase from 1.6 billion in 1900 to 7.7 billion by November 2019. Some of the reasons for the "Modern Rise of Population" were particularly investigated by the British health scientist Thomas McKeown (1912–1988). In his publications, McKeown challenged four theories about the population growth: Although the McKeown thesis has been heavily disputed, recent studies have confirmed

2300-511: The industrial revolution . The most significant increase in the world's population has been since the 1950s, mainly due to medical advancements and increases in agricultural productivity . Due to its dramatic impact on the human ability to grow food, the Haber process , named after one of its inventors, the German chemist Fritz Haber , served as the "detonator of the population explosion ", enabling

2392-497: The population is declining , especially in Eastern Europe , mainly due to low fertility rates , high death rates and emigration . In Southern Africa , growth is slowing due to the high number of AIDS-related deaths. Some Western Europe countries might also experience population decline. Japan's population began decreasing in 2005. The United Nations Population Division projects world population to reach 11.2 billion by

2484-537: The tertiary sector , with 664 businesses in this sector. There were 8,261 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.7% of the workforce. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 11,877. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 21, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 4,571, of which 3,617 or (79.1%) were in manufacturing, 71 or (1.6%) were in mining and 702 (15.4%) were in construction. The number of jobs in

2576-404: The 20th century, when it began to grow into the small industrialized town it is today. Muttenz has an area, as of 2009, of 16.64 square kilometers (6.42 sq mi). Of this area, 2.67 km (1.03 sq mi) or 16.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 6.76 km (2.61 sq mi) or 40.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 6.85 km (2.64 sq mi) or 41.2%

2668-609: The 4th century; they are found in Geneva , Chur and Saint-Maurice , known for the legend of the Theban Legion . The order and prosperity that the Pax Romana had brought to Switzerland ended, as elsewhere in the Empire, with the Crisis of the Third Century . In 260, when the Gallic Empire briefly seceded from Rome, the emperor Gallienus withdrew the legions from the Rhine to fight

2760-528: The Alps to the Rhine and into Gaul , most importantly by Julius Caesar 's defeat of the largest tribal group, the Helvetii , in the Gallic Wars in 58 BC. Under the Pax Romana , the area was smoothly integrated into the prospering Empire, and its population assimilated into the wider Gallo-Roman culture by the 2nd century AD, as the Romans enlisted the native aristocracy to engage in local government, built

2852-579: The Burgundian areas eventually became the French-speaking Romandie , while the people in the larger Eastern half – called la suisse alémanique in French – still speak variants of Alemannic German . Raetia maintained its Roman traditions longer than the rest of Switzerland, but most of it was eventually assimilated as well, leaving only a small territory where a Vulgar Latin dialect, Romansh ,

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2944-452: The Celtic aristocracy who continued to hold their lands and their rank after the Roman conquest. Of the lower classes, much less is known, although there are inscriptions attesting to the existence of guilds ( collegia ) of boat skippers, doctors, teachers and traders, as well as to the existence of a trade in slaves . In the course of Romanization, the Celtic polytheism of the local tribes

3036-610: The Jura. The Raetians, described as savage warriors by Strabo , continued to launch incursions into the Swiss Plateau and also had to be contained. To that end, Caesar charged the Helvetii and the Rauraci with defending their territory and established two colonies of veterans – one, the Colonia Julia Equestris (now Nyon ) on the shores of Lake Geneva and the other through Lucius Munatius Plancus in northwestern Switzerland, preceding

3128-454: The UN projected that the world population, 8 billion as of 2023 , would peak around the year 2086 at about 10.4 billion, and then start a slow decline, assuming a continuing decrease in the global average fertility rate from 2.5 births per woman during the 2015–2020 period to 1.8 by the year 2100 (the medium-variant projection). The UN’s 2024 report has revised the peak population to 10.3 billion in

3220-456: The Wartenberg were heavily damaged in the earthquake of 1356, rebuilt in the following decades and later abandoned. They were partially restored in 1955/56. The fortified church of St. Arbogast , serving the local evangelical community, was built in the late Middle Ages . Its surrounding seven metre tall ramparts built in the 15th century are still intact. A charnal house was built adjoining

3312-402: The area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 2.2%. Out of the forested land, 38.9% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 5.6% is used for growing crops and 8.0% is pastures, while 2.5% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality

3404-564: The central and western part of Switzerland, as described above, is well documented, nothing of substance is known about the political and administrative system in eastern Raetia . However, records of the time show that a great number of local nobles held political and religious offices in Raetia, indicating that the Romans successfully co-opted the local elite. Testaments of Roman culture such as baths, floor heating and imported goods (pottery, glass, religious icons and artworks) have been found in even

3496-583: The church in the 15th century. Wall paintings made in 1513 were painted over following the Protestant Reformation, but were restored during a complete renovation in the 1970s. Muttenz was awarded the Wakker Prize for architectural preservation by the Swiss Heritage Society in 1983. The church is listed as a heritage site of national significance, as is the medieval village core. Freidorf

3588-564: The city of Basel in 1517. Following the Protestant Reformation in Basel by Johannes Oecolampadius the church of Muttenz was reformed in 1529. In 1628 one-seventh of the village population, 112 persons, died of the plague . Many of the villagers, still subjects of the city of Basel, were poor and beginning in the middle of the 18th century, many emigrated to the Americas. In 1790 only were

3680-503: The colonists of Aventicum"). Moreover, the Roman citizens of the entire territory established the cives Romani conventus Helvetici ("Association of Roman citizens in Helvetia"). The civitas (tribal community) of the Helvetii was similar to that of the Celtic tribes of the Valais , which were merged into a single civitas Vallensis probably around 40 AD, and given Forum Claudii Vallensium ( Martigny ) as their capital. Parts of

3772-747: The conquest. The principal Roman settlements in Switzerland were the cities of Iulia Equestris ( Nyon ), Aventicum ( Avenches ), Augusta Raurica ( Augst ) and Vindonissa ( Windisch ). Evidence has also been found of almost twenty Roman villages ( vici ) established in the 1st to 3rd century AD, as well as hundreds of villas of varying sizes built in the western and central part of the Swiss Plateau . The known vici include: The colonies of Nyon and Augusta Raurica at first had little cultural influence beyond their immediate surroundings. After Roman military defeats in Germania in 12–9 BC and 6–9 AD,

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3864-506: The culture of Roman Switzerland is illustrated by the imposing size and central location of the Roman temples in the cities, as well as by the great number of religious artifacts found by archaeologists. As everywhere in the Empire, the Imperial cult was practiced in Switzerland; it had a particularly prominent temple in the center of the forum of Nyon. The first clear testaments to Christian communities in Switzerland date after 313, when

3956-476: The end of the Black Death , around the year 1350. A mix of technological advancement that improved agricultural productivity and sanitation and medical advancement that reduced mortality increased population growth. In some geographies, this has slowed through the process called the demographic transition , where many nations with high standards of living have seen a significant slowing of population growth. This

4048-522: The end of the 21st century. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation projects that the global population will peak in 2064 at 9.73 billion and decline to 8.89 billion in 2100. A 2014 study in Science concludes that the global population will reach 11 billion by 2100, with a 70% chance of continued growth into the 22nd century. The German Foundation for World Population reported in December 2019 that

4140-477: The estimated annual growth rate was 1.1%. The CIA World Factbook gives the world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.86%, 0.78%, and 1.08% respectively. The last 100 years have seen a massive fourfold increase in the population, due to medical advances , lower mortality rates, and an increase in agricultural productivity made possible by the Green Revolution . The annual increase in

4232-409: The federal election, a total of 5,850 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 49.0%. As of  2007, Muttenz had an unemployment rate of 2.04%. As of 2005, there were 93 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 22 businesses involved in this sector. 5,170 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 191 businesses in this sector. 8,902 people were employed in

4324-463: The fifth century saw the apparently non-violent takeover of western Switzerland by the Burgundians (placed there by Flavius Aetius in 443 as a shield against the invading Huns ) and of Northern and Central Switzerland by the Alamanni , a move not opposed by either absent or weakened Roman forces. These settlements established the most important cultural and linguistic division in modern Switzerland:

4416-551: The first century AD, except for their part in the conflicts of the Year of the Four Emperors , AD 69. The history of Switzerland under Roman rule was, from the Augustan period up until 260 AD, a time of exceptional peace and prosperity. The Pax Romana was made possible by the protection of well-defended and distant Imperial borders and a peaceful and smooth Romanization of

4508-493: The frontier was moved back to the Rhine and guarded by eight legions, of which one, originally Legio XIII Gemina , was based in the permanent camp of Vindonissa ( Windisch ). Aventicum ( Avenches ) was likely the capital of the Helvetii since its founding at the beginning of the 1st century. In the 40s, it benefited from the traffic brought over the St Bernard pass over a street expanded by Claudius , and in 71 it acquired

4600-607: The future. These models use trend-based-assumptions about how populations will respond to economic, social and technological forces to understand how they will affect fertility and mortality , and thus population growth. The 2022 projections from the United Nations Population Division (chart #1) show that annual world population growth peaked at 2.3% per year in 1963, has since dropped to 0.9% in 2023, equivalent to about 74 million people each year, and could drop even further to minus 0.1% by 2100. Based on this,

4692-561: The global human population grows by 2.6 people every second, and could reach 8 billion by 2023. According to United Nations population statistics, the world population grew by 30%, or 1.6 billion humans, between 1990 and 2010. In number of people the increase was highest in India (350 million) and China (196 million). Population growth rate was among highest in the United Arab Emirates (315%) and Qatar (271%). Many of

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4784-494: The god of the Pennine Alps . As oriental religions grew more popular in the later Empire – unlike the traditional Roman cults, they promised rewards in the afterlife – they also percolated into Gaul. Artifacts related to the cults of gods such as Isis , Osiris , Serapis , Kybele , Serapios , Dionysos or Mithras have been found at the site of every Roman settlement in Switzerland. The great significance of religion in

4876-531: The impact of human population growth is concentrated in the Sustainable Development Goals which seeks to improve the standard of living globally while reducing the impact of society on the environment while advancing human well-being. World population has been rising continuously since the end of the Black Death , around the year 1350. Population began growing rapidly in the Western world during

4968-517: The larger Augusta Raurica founded by Augustus in around 6 AD. Caesar's attempt to open the Great St Bernard Pass for Roman traffic failed in 57 BC due to strong opposition by the local Veragri . Concerted and successful efforts to gain control over the Alpine region were undertaken by his successor, Augustus , as the rapid development of Lugdunum (Lyon) made the establishment of

5060-759: The late-Roman era Rhine fortifications), the Freidorf settlement, the Rangierbahnhof (Train Station) and the Reformed Parish Fortified Church of St. Arbogast are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance . The entire village of Muttenz and the cemetery with surrounding settlements are both listed in the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . Built in the Middle Ages, the three fortresses built on

5152-436: The local people to Romanize was the perspective of obtaining the various degrees of Roman citizenship and the rights conferred thereby, including the right to vote, to hold public office and to render military service. The hundreds of villae found in Switzerland, some very luxurious, attest to the existence of a wealthy and cultured upper class of landowners. Many villae belonged not to Roman immigrants, but to members of

5244-408: The local population. The Romans urbanized the territory with numerous settlements and built a network of high-quality Roman roads connecting them, allowing for the integration of Helvetia into the imperial economy. While the Roman presence was always strong in the Alps, where the crucial North-South connection had to be kept open, the Swiss plateau was not really Romanized until decades after

5336-416: The modern Ticino belonged to the colony of Comum ( Como ), founded in the 1st century AD. On the local level, the basic administrative units were the vici , replacing the Helvetic pagi , or tribes, which were dissolved at the time of colonization. These villages enjoyed a certain autonomy and were governed by popularly elected magistrates ( magistri or curatores ). While the governmental system in

5428-414: The municipality and 5,640 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.3 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 15.4% of the workforce coming into Muttenz are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.3% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 33.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 32.6% used

5520-439: The municipality. Muttenz is home to 3 libraries. These libraries include; the Bibliothek zum Chutz and two libraries which are part of the Muttenz campus of the Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz . There were a combined total (as of 2008) of 51,675 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 126,508 items were loaned out. Switzerland in the Roman era The territory of modern Switzerland

5612-418: The municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 2,395. There were 267 single-room apartments and 2,041 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 7,219 apartments (92.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 378 apartments (4.9%) were seasonally occupied and 171 apartments (2.2%) were empty. As of 2007, the construction rate of new housing units

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5704-460: The natural borders of the Alps to the South and East, Lake Geneva and the Rhône to the west and the Rhine to the north, was recognized as a contiguous territory by Julius Caesar . This area had been dominated by the La Tène culture since the 5th century BC, settled by a mostly Celtic population ( Gauls ), of which the Helvetii were the most numerous, but which also included the Rauraci in north-west Switzerland centered on Basel , and

5796-479: The new province of Raetia . The Valais was split from Raetia by Claudius in AD 43 and merged with the province of Alpes Graiae to form a new province, Alpes Graiae et Poeninae . As for the Swiss plateau, its western and central part up to Ad Fines ( Pfyn ) was administratively part of the province of Belgica and for military purposes part of Germania Superior . Its eastern part belonged to Raetia. This division, established by Augustus in 22 BC,

5888-487: The next one. But even these efforts could not restore peace and order in Switzerland, and numerous settlements were abandoned as their inhabitants fled to more defensible places or to the South. Urban culture faded away as the cities of Nyon and Augusta Raurica were permanently abandoned during the 4th century, the stones of their ruins serving to fortify Geneva and Basel . Aventicum never recovered from its pillages: Ammianus Marcellinus noted in around 360 that "the city

5980-427: The non-Roman tribes of the Rauraci and Helvetii , respectively. In that capacity, the magistrates of Aventicum, as duoviri coloniae Helvetiorum , also governed the entire Helvetic population, which had the legal status of incolae (inhabitants) invested with the Latin Right . The rights of the Roman coloni , or colonists, were represented by a special authority, the curatores colonorum Aventicensum ("Heads of

6072-560: The non-Swiss population change was an increase of 68 people. This represents a population growth rate of 0.6%. The age distribution, as of 2010, in Muttenz is; 995 children or 5.7% of the population are between 0 and 6 years old and 2,283 teenagers or 13.2% are between 7 and 19. Of the adult population, 2,030 people or 11.7% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 1,997 people or 11.5% are between 30 and 39, 2,756 people or 15.9% are between 40 and 49, and 3,506 people or 20.2% are between 50 and 64. The senior population distribution

6164-516: The number of living humans peaked at 88.0 million in 1989, then slowly declined to 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. In 2017, the human population increased by 83 million. Generally, developed nations have seen a decline in their growth rates in recent decades, though annual growth rates remain above 2% in some countries of the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa , and also in South Asia , Southeast Asia , and Latin America . In some countries

6256-423: The poorest Roman era dwellings, indicating that Romanization was effective at all levels of society. Roman public baths were found in all villages, temples with integrated theaters – showing animal or gladiatorial combat – in most. While the superimposition of Roman culture on the local population appears to have been unproblematic and thorough, the Celtic traditions did not disappear entirely, resulting in

6348-402: The population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 2.5%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (14,642 or 87.9%), with Italian language being second most common (648 or 3.9%) and French being third (254 or 1.5%). There are 18 people who speak Romansh . As of 2008, the gender distribution of the population

6440-439: The population has reached its carrying capacity , it will stabilize and the exponential curve will level off towards the carrying capacity, which is usually when a population has depleted most its natural resources . In the world human population, growth may be said to have been following a linear trend throughout the last few decades. The growth of a population can often be modelled by the logistic equation where As it

6532-422: The population of Swiss citizens decreased by 63 while the foreign population increased by 15. There were 25 Swiss men and 11 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 46 non-Swiss men and 49 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 42 and

6624-806: The population) did not answer the question. Muttenz sits on the Bözberg and Hauenstein lines and is served by the Basel S-Bahn at Muttenz . In Muttenz about 7,027 or (42.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 2,305 or (13.8%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 2,305 who completed tertiary schooling, 63.5% were Swiss men, 23.5% were Swiss women, 8.2% were non-Swiss men and 4.8% were non-Swiss women. As of 2000, there were 1,738 students in Muttenz who came from another municipality, while 448 residents attended schools outside

6716-467: The population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 15 individuals (or about 0.09% of the population) who were Jewish , and 670 (or about 4.02% of the population) who were Islamic . There were 72 individuals who were Buddhist , 123 individuals who were Hindu and 18 individuals who belonged to another church. 2,405 (or about 14.44% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 493 individuals (or about 2.96% of

6808-609: The religion was officially tolerated with the Edict of Milan . It is however certain that, as in Gaul, the Christian faith had already had adherents for some time before 313. The first bishop in Switzerland was either Justinianus , bishop of the Rauricans, in 340 (his historicity is not certain) or Theodorus , bishop of Octodurus , in 381 or earlier. The first Christian religious buildings date to

6900-531: The remaining peasants freed from serfdom by a decision of the Great Council of the city of Basel. Following the French Revolution tithes were abolished. After a short civil war between forces of the city and the countryside in 1833 the canton of Basel was divided into the two half-cantons of Basel-City and Basel-Country. Muttenz became part of Basel-Country and remained a peasant village until the beginning of

6992-461: The status of a Roman colony and of an allied city. This is believed to have been a favor of Vespasian for the city in which he had lived for a time, or a measure to better control the Helvetii after the events of 69 by implanting a colony of veterans in their midst. The Alps were first administered by a legatus pro praetore in Augusta Vindelicorum ( Augsburg ), then by the procurator of

7084-519: The tertiary sector was 7,285. In the tertiary sector; 1,777 or 24.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 1,536 or 21.1% were in the movement and storage of goods, 287 or 3.9% were in a hotel or restaurant, 133 or 1.8% were in the information industry, 340 or 4.7% were the insurance or financial industry, 1,061 or 14.6% were technical professionals or scientists, 718 or 9.9% were in education and 434 or 6.0% were in health care. In 2000, there were 12,909 workers who commuted into

7176-472: The total population at 8.6 billion by mid-2030, 9.8 billion by mid-2050 and 11.2 billion by 2100. However, some academics outside the UN have increasingly developed human population models that account for additional downward pressures on population growth; in such a scenario population would peak before 2100. Others have challenged many recent population projections as having underestimated population growth. The world human population has been growing since

7268-498: The total) out of a total of 3,453 inhabited buildings. There were 676 multi-family buildings (19.6%), along with 257 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (7.4%) and 156 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (4.5%). Of the single-family homes 105 were built before 1919, while 244 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single-family homes (658) were built between 1946 and 1960. In 2000 there were 7,768 apartments in

7360-411: The two times. A related measure is the net reproduction rate . In the absence of migration, a net reproduction rate of more than 1 indicates that the population of females is increasing, while a net reproduction rate less than one ( sub-replacement fertility ) indicates that the population of females is decreasing. Most populations do not grow exponentially, rather they follow a logistic model . Once

7452-431: The usurper Ingenuus , allowing the warlike Alemanni to enter the Swiss plateau. There, cities, villages and most villae were raided or sacked by marauding bands. The numerous caches of coins recovered from the period between 250 and 280 attest to the severity of the crisis. Only the Valais , shielded by mountains, escaped these predations. As the Empire's frontiers receded to the Rhine, Switzerland once again became

7544-406: The value of his ideas. His work is pivotal for present day thinking about population growth, birth control, public health and medical care. McKeown had a major influence on many population researchers, such as health economists and Nobel prize winners Robert W. Fogel (1993) and Angus Deaton (2015). The latter considered McKeown as "the founder of social medicine ". The "population growth rate"

7636-733: The world's countries, including many in Sub-Saharan Africa , the Middle East , South Asia and South East Asia , have seen a sharp rise in population since the end of the Cold War . The fear is that high population numbers are putting further strain on natural resources, food supplies, fuel supplies, employment, housing, etc. in some of the less fortunate countries. For example, the population of Chad has ultimately grown from 6,279,921 in 1993 to 10,329,208 in 2009, further straining its resources. Vietnam , Mexico , Nigeria , Egypt , Ethiopia , and

7728-572: The year 2084. However, estimates outside of the United Nations have put forward alternative models based on additional downward pressure on fertility (such as successful implementation of education and family planning goals in the UN's Sustainable Development Goals ) which could result in peak population during the 2060–2070 period rather than later. Even though the global fertility rate continues to fall, chart #2 shows that because of population momentum

7820-428: Was 2.2 new units per 1000 residents. As of 2000 the average price to rent a two-room apartment was about 800.00 CHF (US$ 640, £360, €510), a three-room apartment was about 1028.00 CHF (US$ 820, £460, €660) and a four-room apartment cost an average of 1217.00 CHF (US$ 970, £550, €780). The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2008, was 0.31%. The historical population is given in the following chart: The Au-Hard (Part of

7912-656: Was 48.5% male and 51.5% female. The population was made up of 14,171 Swiss citizens (81.8% of the population), and 3,159 non-Swiss residents (18.2%) Of the population in the municipality 4,137 or about 24.8% were born in Muttenz and lived there in 2000. There were 2,333 or 14.0% who were born in the same canton, while 6,531 or 39.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 3,136 or 18.8% were born outside of Switzerland. In 2008 there were 98 live births to Swiss citizens and 26 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 161 deaths of Swiss citizens and 11 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration,

8004-670: Was a consequence of the Augustan imperative of securing the Imperial borders. To effectively control the Alps as the shield of northern Italy, Rome needed to control both flanks of the mountain range. Thus it had to extend its power to the Rhine and Danube , thereby also opening a direct route to Germania and all of Central Europe. The last obstacle in this path were the Raetians. After a first expedition against them by Publius Silius Nerva in 16 BC,

8096-566: Was a part of the Roman Republic and Empire for a period of about six centuries, beginning with the step-by-step conquest of the area by Roman armies from the 2nd century BC and ending with the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. The mostly Celtic tribes of the area were subjugated by successive Roman campaigns aimed at control of the strategic routes from Italy across

8188-459: Was accompanied by a redistribution of tribal settlement areas. It remained essentially unchanged until Diocletian 's reforms in the third century, when parts of Switzerland each belonged to the provinces of Sequania , Vienna , Raetia Prima , Liguria and Alpes Graiae et Poeninae . The colonies of Nyon, Aventicum and Augusta Raurica were governed under republican constitutions similar to that of Rome. Most governmental powers were exercised by

8280-451: Was mentioned as Muttenza . In 1306 the village became the property of the Münch of Münchenstein , who fortified the village church of St. Arbogast with a rampart at the beginning of the 15th century, after their fortresses on the nearby Wartenberg were partially destroyed in the devastating Basle earthquake of 1356. Having fallen on hard times the Münch sold the village and the Wartenberg to

8372-504: Was merged – syncretized – with the Roman religion . The Celtic deities came to be worshiped under the names of their Roman counterparts. Thus Lugus was replaced by Mercury , Belenus by Apollo , Taranis by Jupiter and so forth, in a practice called interpretatio romana by Caesar , who pioneered it. Roman gods also acquired the names of local gods as epithets ; thus Mars was venerated as Mars Caturix , Mercury as Mercurius Cissonius and Jupiter as Jupiter Poeninus after

8464-487: Was once very illustrious, as its half-ruined buildings attest." The Roman era of Switzerland is traditionally held to have ended in 401 AD, when Stilicho withdrew all troops from the Rhine and the Danube. However, it has been argued that the withdrawal was only temporary and partial, and that Roman control of these rivers was reestablished in 411–413 with the assistance of tribes moving south from Germania. In any case,

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