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27-736: After Otto Dix lost his chair at the Dresden Art Academy in 1933, he and his family initially found accommodation in Randegg Castle until 1936. Thanks to an inheritance, Martha Dix, Otto Dix's wife, was able to purchase a plot of land on a hill on the Untersee , the east part of the Lake Constance , in the Höri peninsula in Hemmenhofen, to build a house there. The house was designed according to plans by

54-569: Is connected to the mainland by a causeway , completed in 1838, which is intersected between the ruins of Schopflen Castle and the eastern end of Reichenau Island by a 10-metre-wide (33 ft) and 95-metre-long (312 ft) waterway, the Bruckgraben. A low road bridge allows the passage of ordinary boats but not of sailing-boats. In 724, the first monastery was built on the island by bishop Pirmin , and Reichenau quickly developed into an influential religious, cultural, and intellectual center. During

81-652: Is the part between the Mettnau peninsula in the north, the Höri peninsula in the south and the Island of Reichenau in the east. To the west lies the estuary of the Radolfzeller Aach and the Hegau . In the east, there is a small island called Liebesinsel ( lit.   ' Love Island ' ) close to the Mettnau peninsula. The Gnadensee extends from Allensbach in the north and

108-461: Is unlikely to be true. A more probable theory is that the lake is named after Maria, "Our Lady of Mercy", as the church of the abbey on the island was dedicated to St. Mary and St. Mark. The town name Frauenfeld in neighbouring canton of Thurgau can be similarly explained. The Markelfingen Winkel is the western end of the Gnadensee, between Markelfingen in the north, Radolfzell in the west and

135-661: The Early and High Middle Ages , the Reichenau Abbey was one of the significant monasteries across the Frankish Empire . Because of its historical importance and the exceptional quality of the architecture and artwork found in the island's three churches and abbey, Reichenau was declared a World Heritage Site in 2000. Although people occupied Reichenau in the Bronze Age and Iron Age , archeological evidence suggests that Reichenau

162-713: The German state of Baden-Württemberg . In contrast to the Upper Lake , the border between Germany and Switzerland across the Lower Lake is well defined. Municipalities on the Swiss side are Gottlieben , Ermatingen , Salenstein , Berlingen , Steckborn , Mammern , Eschenz and Stein am Rhein . Municipalities on the German side are Öhningen , Gaienhofen , Moos am Bodensee , Radolfzell , Reichenau , Allensbach and Constance . Three parts in

189-512: The Ottonian murals of miracles of Christ, unique survivals from the 10th century. The Plan of St. Gall , the only surviving architectural drawing from the Middle Ages, may also have been created on the island. Among the abbey's far-flung landholdings was Reichenau , a village on the upper Rhine in the municipality of Tamins in the canton of Graubünden , Switzerland, named for the abbey. In

216-543: The Rheinsee there is the island of Triboldingerbohl . There used to be another island called Entlibühl . The nature reserve Wollmatinger Ried is also located in this area. The border between Germany and Switzerland follows Rheinsee in east-west direction. Reichenau Island Reichenau Island ( German: [ˈʁaɪçənaʊ] ) is an island in Lake Constance in Southern Germany . It lies almost due west of

243-420: The 14th century, one of the oldest timber-frame buildings in southern Germany. It is today used as a museum of local history. The monastic community of the abbey produced several influential poets and authors, such as Walafrid Strabo (who served as abbot) and scholars such as Hermann of Reichenau and Abbot Reginbert , as well as artists. The famous artworks of Reichenau include (in the church of St George)

270-588: The 16th century, the territory of the Prince-Bishopric of Constance was extended to include Reichenau, and as a result the influence of the abbey waned. During the secularization of the Prince-Bishopric of Constance in 1803, many of the smaller chapels on the island were demolished. In addition, the manuscripts and archives held in the abbey were given to Karlsruhe and the University of Heidelberg library and

297-545: The Dix family. An eight hectare garden with terraces and a museum café complete the ensemble. 47°40′22″N 8°57′41″E  /  47.67278°N 8.96139°E  / 47.67278; 8.96139 Untersee (Lake Constance) The Untersee ( German for Lower Lake ), also known as Lower Lake Constance , is the smaller of the two lakes that together form Lake Constance . The boundary between Switzerland and Germany runs through it. The lake surrounds several islands,

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324-470: The Dresden architect Arnulf Schelcher. In 1936 the family moved into their new home opposite the Swiss bank. The studio windows on the east side, the surrounding balcony and numerous windows with a view of the lake are characteristic of the generously designed three-storey house with almost 400 m of floor space. The kitchen, dining and living rooms as well as the music room are on the ground floor. The first floor

351-511: The Island of Reichenau in the south, from the tip of Mettnau in the west to the Reichenau causeway with its well-visible poplar avenue in the east. According to legend, the name Gnade (English: Mercy or Grace ) of the lake comes from the time when the court house was located on the Island of Reichenau. If a defendant was sentenced to death, the execution of the sentence could not be carried out on

378-662: The Mettnau peninsula in the south. Its eastern boundary is at the level of the summit Mettnauspitze . With its maximum water depth of 16 m, the Markelfingen Winkel is the shallowest part of the lake. It has a tributary: the Mühlbach, which drains the Mindelsee . The mainly Swiss section of the lake south of the Island of Reichenau and its southwestern arm is known as Rheinsee ( lit.   ' Lake Rhine ' ), not to be confused with Seerhein ( lit.   ' Rhine of

405-683: The Otto-Dix-Haus-Stiftung, refurbished in accordance with listed buildings and equipped as a museum. In 2013 the association handed over the house to the Kunstmuseum Stuttgart, which now owns one of the most important Dix collections. In June 2013 it reopened as the Museum Haus Dix, a branch of the Kunstmuseum Stuttgart. The focus of the permanent exhibition is the family life of the artist household. Paintings and graphics by Otto Dix are shown in annually changing exhibitions. Images on

432-575: The city of Konstanz , between the Gnadensee and the Untersee , two parts of Lake Constance. With a total land surface of 4.3 km (1.7 sq mi) and a circumference of 11 km (6.8 mi), the island is 4.5 km (2.8 mi) long and 1.5 km (0.93 mi) wide at its greatest extent. The highest point, the Hochwart, stands some 43 m (141 ft) above the lake surface and 438.7 m (1,439 ft) above mean sea level. Reichenau

459-430: The island, but only on the mainland because the island was "holy ground". Therefore, the condemned man was brought by boat to the mainland in the direction of Allensbach, where the sentence could be Gnade . Now, if the abbot wanted to pardon the condemned, he would ring a bell before the offender arrived on the other shore. This signaled to the executioner on the mainland, that prisoner had been pardoned. However, this story

486-624: The lake(s) ' ), which is the Upper and Lower Lakes connecting segment of the river Rhine). It is called the Seerhein because the current of the river follows exactly this path through the lake to the effluent of Lower Lake Constance in the Swiss town of Stein am Rhein , where the High Rhine starts. At the end of the lake, there are three small islands, called the Werd Islands . Where the Seerhein flows into

513-590: The largest being Reichenau Island . The Lower Lake Constance measures 63 km (24 sq mi) and is situated about 30 cm (12 in) lower than the Obersee . The Romans called it Lacus Acronius . In the Middle Ages, the Upper Lake was called Bodamicus Lacus , or Bodensee in German. At some point in time, this term began to include the Lower Lake, and a new term "Upper Lake" (in German: Obersee ),

540-531: The monastery church of the by-then abbey, was rebuilt in a cruciform basilica style, and churches dedicated to the Virgin and Saint Mark were consecrated. Relics of St. Mark arrived at the abbey in the mid-9th century. Two further churches were built on the island consecrated to Saints Peter and Paul (in 799) and to Saint George (in 896). The abbey's bailiff was housed in a two-storey stone building to which two more storeys of timber framing were added in

567-402: The north of Lower Lake, surrounded by German territory, have names of their own: Zeller See ( lit.   ' Lake of Radolfzell ' ), Gnadensee ( lit.   ' Lake Mercy ' ) and Markelfinger Winkel ( lit.   ' nook of Markelfingen ' ). The part in the south, which borders Switzerland, is called Rheinsee ( lit.   ' Rhine Lake ' ). The Zeller See

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594-661: The transition to the High Rhine ). In the northeast is the peninsula Bodanrück ; in the northwest, the Hegau lowlands with the peninsula Mettnau ; in the west, the peninsula Höri , with a mountain called Schiener Berg , and in the south, the Seerücken , which reaches more than 90 m (300 ft) feet above the Untersee near Berlingen . Bordering the Lower Lake Constance are the Swiss cantons of Thurgau and Schaffhausen and

621-402: The walls refer to the works that once hung in the house and can now be found in various museums and collections around the world. The cellar of the house can be visited during guided tours, the walls of which were painted by Otto Dix and some of his guests at a carnival festival in 1966. A media guide leads through the individual rooms and provides information on works of art and the family life of

648-605: The widow handed over the house in Hemmenhofen, which belonged to her all her life, and the rights to her husband's estate, to the Otto Dix Foundation, which was founded in 1983, and whose partners were her two sons and granddaughter Bettina Dix-Pfefferkorn. The house and garden were registered in the Baden-Württemberg monuments book in 2005. The museum was redesigned by the Kunstmuseum Stuttgart and funded by

675-582: Was abandoned during the Roman era. It remained uninhabited until 724, when the monk Pirmin received support from the Carolingian ruler Charles Martel to build a monastery on the island. The first monastery, at Mittelzel, was wooden, although it was replaced by a stone building by 746. In the early 9th century, under the patronage of the Carolingian dynasty and Ottonian dynasty , the community flourished. In 816

702-460: Was chosen for Otto Dix's studio and Martha Dix's salon; for the rooms of the children Nelly (1923–1955), Ursus (1927–2002) and Jan Dix (1928–2019) the second floor. Otto Dix lived and worked here until his death, in 1969, and increasingly devoted his work to the landscape of the Lake Constance . Martha Dix stayed until 1979 before moving to the south of France to live with her granddaughter Bettina until her death in 1985. Two years before her death,

729-681: Was introduced for the larger lake. The main tributaries are the Seerhein and Radolfzeller Aach . The source of the latter is the Aachtopf , a karst spring whose waters mainly derive from the Danube Sinkhole , making the Danube indirectly a tributary of Untersee and the Rhine, respectively. The landscape surrounding the Untersee is very diverse. The Untersee contains two islands: Reichenau and Werd (near

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