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41-861: The Glaspalast (Glass Palace) was a glass and iron exhibition building located in the Old botanical garden in Munich modeled after the Crystal Palace in London. The Glaspalast opened for the first General German Industrial Exhibition on 15 July 1854. Following other examples around Europe, the Glaspalast was ordered by Maximilian II , King of Bavaria , in order to hold the Erste Allgemeine Deutsche Industrieausstellung (First General German Industrial Exhibition ) on 15 July 1854. Originally it

82-436: A gender reveal party which utilized a smoke bomb which is categorized as unsafe pyrotechnics. The El Dorado fire burned over a 71-day period, destroyed 20 structures and resulted in one firefighter fatality, for which the couple hosting the party were charged with involuntary manslaughter . The Esperanza Fire ultimately resulted in the death of firefighter Charles "Charlie" Morton, who became trapped while attempting to fight

123-551: A weapon of war against civilians. From the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état to August 2022, military forces committed arson on 28,434 houses in the country. While the Scottish legal system has no offence known as arson statutorily defined, there are many offences that are used to charge those with acts that would normally constitute arson in other nations. Events constituting arson in English and Welsh law might be dealt with as one or more of

164-509: A conviction and penalty for wildfire arson. Some states, such as California, prosecute the lesser offense of " reckless burning " when the fire is set recklessly as opposed to willfully and maliciously. The study of the causes is the subject of fire investigation . A recent example of a reckless burning offense is the El Dorado fire which took place in 2020 in California. This fire was caused by

205-708: A method of homicide, as was the case in California of Raymond Lee Oyler and in Texas of Cameron Todd Willingham . After the Great Chicago Fire in 1871, the United States started a National Fire Prevention Week in order to educate the people on ways to prevent fires, minimize their damages, and hopefully drastically decrease casualties. Fire Prevention Week campaigns includes various information on safe cooking practices pertaining to grilling, microwaving, and cooking on

246-554: A stove. During World War II arson was a much higher concern in the United States . There was a severe lack of firefighters due to the fact most of the men were overseas to fight the war. There were few men left behind to help combat forest fires. For example, during WW II in Eldora, Iowa a fire chief reported that his regular membership shrank from 21 to 9 men and their fire fighting force recruited retired members and new members to fill

287-400: A stricter penalty. Arson that results in death can be further prosecuted as manslaughter or murder . A common motive for arson is to commit insurance fraud . In such cases, a person destroys their own property by burning it and then lies about the cause in order to collect against their insurance policy . A person who commits arson is referred to as an arsonist, or a serial arsonist if

328-413: A variety of offences such as wilful fire-raising , culpable and reckless conduct , vandalism or other offences depending on the circumstances of the event. The more serious offences (in particular wilful fire-raising and culpable and reckless conduct) can incur a sentence of life imprisonment . Ireland differentiates how it charges arson not by degree but rather by what is being destroyed and if anyone

369-438: Is charged in five degrees. Arson in the first degree is a Class A-1 felony and requires the intent to burn the building with a person inside using an explosive incendiary device. In New York, the criminal charge of arson includes a maximum sentence of 25 years to life. In California, a conviction for arson of property that is not one's own is a felony punishable by up to three years in state prison. Aggravated arson, which carries

410-408: Is from 1864. English Common Law defines arson as "the malicious burning of the dwelling of another." This definition has four elements: Many U.S. state legal systems and the legal systems of several other countries divide arson into degrees, depending sometimes on the value of the property but more commonly on its use and whether the crime was committed in the day or night. Many statutes vary

451-409: The "First German general and historical art exhibition" organized in the palace, followed in 1869 by the "I. International Art Exhibition", 1888 "III. International Art Exhibition". From 1889, the Crystal Palace was almost exclusively used for art exhibitions. This affected the forum and place of the international art trade. When it was planned, following the industrial exhibition, it was assumed that

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492-502: The 75 completely burned halls, had first to be forcibly restrained by police. A meeting at the Ministry of Culture, which ended in the afternoon, has decided to immediately initiate a relief by a public appeal to the German people on the occasion of national calamity ... After the fire, plans were made to rebuild the Glaspalast . However, the plans were abandoned in 1933 after seizure of power by

533-713: The English counterparts, 63 of the 1972 Ordinance provides a maximum penalty of life imprisonment, and s 60(3) of the Ordinance requires that if the damage is by fire the offence should be charged as arson. In the Burmese legal system, arson is considered "mischief by fire" under sections 435 and 436 of the Myanmar Penal Code and punishable by fine and imprisonment. The statutes were last amended on 1 July 2016, and made arson on houses and buildings punishable with up to 20 years in prison. The Burmese military has long used arson as

574-470: The Glaspalast would be used as a greenhouse. However it was almost exclusively used for international art exhibitions and artist festivals. The building was destroyed in a fire on June 6, 1931, a fate shared with the other crystal palaces. The cause of the fire was later determined to be arson . The fire in the Glaspalast irretrievably destroyed more than 3,000 artworks including more than 110 paintings from

615-517: The Glass Palace is one of the biggest destructive disasters to Europe's art. In Germany since the Thirty Years' War were never at one time so many works of art destroyed as by this fire. Only 80 of the 2820 exhibited works of painting, graphics and sculpture were rescued. The damage is estimated to be between 25 and 30 million Marks. [...] A special tragicomedy was the fact that the pictures rejected by

656-466: The Maximilian II conservatory. For this construction, the glass was produced in the more traditional Schmidsfelden glass works. Construction was a mere six months, from 31 December 1853 to 7 June 1854, during which time 37,000 windows were installed. The total cost of construction was 800,000 guldens . The Erste Allgemeine Deutsche Industrieausstellung opened five weeks later, only three years after

697-608: The San Jose Fire Department. According to a 2019 Press Release from the California Department of Insurance , Tyler and Kim Chen, Ha Nguyen, Sandy Ngo, Duyen Pham, and Trang Huynh were all convicted with various degrees of arson and insurance fraud. Tyler Chen was convicted with five separate counts of arson and two separate counts of insurance fraud in Santa Clara County in 2018. Tyler Chen's wife, Kim Chen,

738-468: The alleged offense. First degree arson generally occurs when people are harmed or killed in the course of the fire, while second degree arson occurs when significant destruction of property occurs. While usually a felony , arson may also be prosecuted as a misdemeanor , " criminal mischief ", or " destruction of property ." Burglary also occurs, if the arson involved a "breaking and entering". A person may be sentenced to death if arson occurred as

779-446: The cause in order to collect against their insurance policy . An example of insurance fraud being the motivating factor for an act of arson is the case for Operation Firebird . A married couple and 4 co-conspirators were arrested and convicted with arson and insurance fraud after a string of home, business, and warehouse fires which took place between 2014 and 2018 were exposed as acts of arson. Using chicken left in boiling frying oil,

820-819: The center of the Weißenburger Platz in the Haidhausen quarter of Munich. Alter Botanischer Garten (Munich) The Old Botanical Garden is located in Maxvorstadt, 450 m (0.3 mi) from the Karlsplatz and 800 m (0.5 mi) from the Alte Pinakothek . The site occupies an area of about four hectares. The park was created between 1804 and 1812 according to plans by landscape architect Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell . It officially opened on 23 May 1812. The landmark Neoclassical entrance portal at Lenbachplatz

861-488: The completion of the Crystal Palace in London, which served as its model. Just three years after the completion of the Crystal Palace in London, which served as a model, the First General German Industrial Exhibition opened at the newly built glass palace on 15 July 1854. However the opening was overshadowed as first the staff and later the exhibition guests were affected by cholera . In 1882

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902-481: The convicted criminals would make fire seem like a cooking accident. Then, the group committed insurance fraud by filing insurance claims for the cost of the building, as well as, smoke-damaged goods to claim fire damages for insurance payouts. The group's scheme claimed a reported $ 4 million and ended when authorities were tipped off as to where the location of the next planned incident would take place. Police then performed an investigation dubbed Operation Firebird with

943-454: The degree of the crime according to the criminal intent of the accused. Some US states use other degrees of arson, such as "fourth" and "fifth" degree, while some states do not categorize arson by any degree. For example, in the state of Tennessee , arson is categorized as "arson" and "aggravated arson." A common motive for arson is to commit insurance fraud . In such cases, a person destroys their own property by burning it and then lies about

984-585: The destruction is by fire, the offence is charged as arson; s.4 of the Act provides a maximum penalty of life imprisonment for conviction under s.1 whether or not the offence is charged as arson. In Hong Kong, the common law offence was abolished by s 67 of the Crimes Ordinance 1971 (Part VIII of which, as amended by Crimes (Amendment) Ordinance 1972, mirrored the English Criminal Damage Act 1971). Like

1025-493: The early 19th century including many paintings by Caspar David Friedrich , Moritz von Schwind , Karl Blechen , and Philipp Otto Runge . A further 1,000 works by contemporary artists at that time were heavily damaged and only 80 artworks were recovered unharmed. The daily newspaper " Neues Wiener Tagblatt " reported on the following day, June 7, 1931, in a telegram: The fire of the Munich Glass Palace, S. 4: The fire of

1066-545: The fire. The DA of California considered arson charges for the family members as they were deemed negligent with regard to fire safety. In English law , arson was a common law offence (except for the offence of arson in royal dockyards ) dealing with the criminal destruction of buildings by fire. The common law offence was abolished by s.11(1) of the Criminal Damage Act 1971 . The 1971 Act makes no distinction as to mode of destruction except that s.1(3) requires that if

1107-417: The first electrically lit international electrotechnical exhibition took place in the Glass Palace. The German engineer Oskar von Miller had built a 2000 volt DC overhead power line from Miesbach , 50 km distant, to bring power to Munich. At the exhibition, an electrically powered pump for an artificial waterfall demonstrated the feasibility of bringing electrical power over long distances. In 1858,

1148-450: The jury were stored in an adjacent shed not affected by the fire. About the cause of the fire only assumptions are known. Provisional Rumor of a discontented artistic revenge, but which cannot be confirmed. The initial investigations show that the fire may have broken out in the carpentry shop, where work continued on the day. 20 firefighters were injured in the rescue work. Director-General Zimmermann, who risked his life to save treasures from

1189-404: The large amount of building materials required. The two-storey building was 234 metres (768 ft) long, 67 metres (220 ft) wide and 25 metres (82 ft) high. The elongated rectangular glass palace, in the form of a five-nave and two-storey main building in the hall with a transept in the middle and rectangular extensions at the ends of the longitudinal ship had a length of 234 meters and

1230-520: The missing positions during the war. Although there were few attempts to burn U.S. forests, it continued to be a big concern due to the potential detrimental effects. This concern for arson attempts led to the rise of Smokey Bear who was the face of fire prevention and fire safety measures. Although the intention of Smokey Bear's persona is to encourage fire safety , Smokey shares a message of fire prevention which includes accidental fires that can sometimes be legally charged as arson. In New York, arson

1271-458: The most severe punishment for arson, is punishable by 10 years to life in state prison. A well-known example of arson which took place in California is the Esperanza Fire . Raymond Lee Oyler was ultimately convicted of murder and sentenced to death for a 2006 fire in southern California that led to the deaths of five U.S. Forest Service firefighters; he was the first U.S. citizen to receive such

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1312-672: The new Nazi government. Instead of rebuilding the palace, the government built the Haus der Kunst (House of Art) on the Prinzregentenstraße near the Englischer Garten (a public park). In 1936 a small exhibition pavilion was built, but was destroyed in World War II. This was rebuilt by artists after the war. The Park Cafe now stands on the site of the Glaspalast. The fountain of the Glaspalast, which remained intact, today stands in

1353-462: The pavilion is used for contemporary art exhibitions. Arson Arson is the act of willfully and deliberately setting fire to or charring property . Although the act of arson typically involves buildings , the term can also refer to the intentional burning of other things, such as motor vehicles , watercraft , or forests . The crime is typically classified as a felony , with instances involving risk to human life or property carrying

1394-579: The person has committed arson several times. Arsonists normally use an accelerant (such as gasoline or kerosene ) to ignite, propel, and direct fires, and the detection and identification of ignitable liquid residues is an important part of fire investigations. Pyromania is an impulse control disorder characterized by the pathological setting of fires. Most acts of arson are not committed by pyromaniacs. The term derives from Law French arsoun (late 13th century), from Old French arsion , from Late Latin ārsiōnem "a burning," ( acc. ) from

1435-415: The planned and conservatory of Munich Residence, a glass with cast iron design was used, using existing experience for this modern building. As with the Crystal Palace in London, initial designs were relatively complex. Due to the short time available for construction, the design was significantly simplified and relied on use of standard components. Conventional construction methods were not possible due to

1476-413: The verb ardēre , "to burn." "Malicious burning of property," 1670s, from Anglo-French arsoun (late 13c.), Old French arsion, from Late Latin arsionem (nominative arsio) "a burning," noun of action from past-participle stem of Latin ardere "to burn" (from PIE root *as- "to burn, glow"). The Old English term was bærnet , lit. "burning"; and Edward Coke has indictment of burning (1640). Arsonist

1517-612: Was 67 meters wide; the height was 25 meters. The building was built entirely of glass and cast iron, load-bearing walls were completely omitted. The 1,700 tons of prefabricated iron parts were made by Cramer-Klett in Nuremberg. The company Cramer-Klett was the leader at this time in southern Germany in the field of iron constructions, the company had previously built the Großhesseloher bridge  [ de ; hu ; vi ] in Munich and also

1558-539: Was built. Subsequently, in 1937, the old botanical garden was turned into a park based on a sketch by Paul Troost and plans from architect Oswald Bieber and sculptor Joseph Wackerle . Additions included the Neptune Fountain in the middle of the park and a café. The Kunstpavillon, a small exhibition building, was also built, but was badly damaged in World War II and later rebuilt by volunteer Munich artists. Today

1599-465: Was convicted with two counts of insurance fraud in Santa Clara county. In the United States , the common law elements of arson are often varied in different jurisdictions. For example, the element of "dwelling" is no longer required in most states, and arson occurs by the burning of any real property without consent or with unlawful intent. Arson is prosecuted with attention to degree of severity in

1640-646: Was designed by the Portuguese architect Emanuel Joseph d'Herigoyen and built in 1812. In 1854, the Glass Palace was built on the north side of the park, but was destroyed by fire in 1931. During the winter seasons of 1931/32 and 1932/33, an ice rink was built in place of the glass palace where the final round of the 1933 German Ice Hockey Championship was held. In 1914, the New Botanical Garden in Nymphenburg

1681-513: Was planned to erect the building on Maximiliansplatz  [ de ] . However, the relevant Commission decision preferred an area near the railway station. Designed by architect August von Voit and built by MAN AG , the building was built in 1854 to the north of the Old Botanical Garden close to the Stachus . Following the completion of 1853 Schrannenhalle  [ de ] and

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