38-559: Mundra is a census town and a headquarter of Mundra Taluka of Kachchh district in the Indian state of Gujarat . Founded in about the 1640s, the town was an important mercantile centre and port throughout its history. Mundra Port is the largest private port in India. Mundra was established by Bhojarajji I of Cutch State in the 1640s. According to a legend, a Jain merchant named Vardhaman Sheth asked Pir Hazrat Shah Murad Bukhari to pray for
76-609: A Date Palm Research Station operated by Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University converted from a seed farm in 1969. Several people are employed in manufacturing companies, ports and power stations. Mundra Port is the largest private port with multiproduct special economic zone owned and operated by Adani Ports & SEZ Limited . There are two thermal power stations adjacent to Mundra, Mundra Ultra Mega Power Plant operated by Tata Power and Mundra Thermal Power Station operated by Adani Power . This power station generates over 8,600 MW of electricity. The coal for
114-580: A Republic Day parade. There were also 58 deaths in Gandhidham . In Ahmedabad , 1,021 apartments and 82 houses collapsed, and 752 people were killed. Total property damage was estimated at $ 7.5 billion. In Kutch, the earthquake destroyed about 60% of food and water supplies and around 258,000 houses, 90% of the district's housing stock. The biggest setback was the total demolition of the Bhuj Civil hospital. The Indian military provided emergency support which
152-412: A US$ 2.5 million package to revive small, medium, and cottage industries. The World Bank and Asian Development Bank also provided loans worth $ 300 million and $ 500 million, respectively. Assistance was offered from many countries and organisations. [REDACTED] Vietnam [REDACTED] Saudi Arabia Smritivan , a memorial park and museum dedicated to victims of the earthquake
190-568: A blind thrust earthquake. Lateral spreading was widely reported and strike-slip faulting was observed at Bharodia and Manfara. On the moment magnitude scale , the International Seismological Centre said it measured a magnitude of 7.6, while United States Geological Survey put it at 7.7. A finite fault model from the USGS estimated that the earthquake rupture had an area of 141 km (88 mi) x 18 km (11 mi). Slip
228-485: A greater number of statutory towns, the states would be able to get more money from the Centre as per the 14th Finance Commission Report. Additionally, under Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), 50% weightage is given to the number of statutory towns in the state/UT to determine the allocation of funds to these states/UTs. Following this notification, Maharashtra state government converted 19 CTs in
266-407: A group of chiefs. A soldier called Fateh Muhammad rose to dominance in 1792. In 1801, Mundra was given by Fateh Muhammad to another chief called Dosal Ven. He later regained the town from him. Later it was given to Hansraj who also rose against him so he transferred it to his associate Muhammad Sota. In 1815, when held by Muhammad Sota, it was unsuccessfully attacked by Rao Bharmalji II . In 1818, it
304-518: A population of 7952. The town was the base of many mercantile communities including Kutchi Oswal Vanias and Bhatias in the 18th to early 20th century. The importance of the town declined with the rise of Bombay (now Mumbai) and the construction of the Rajputana railway in the 1870s. After the independence of India in 1947, Cutch State acceded unto the dominion of India and constituted an independent commissionaire , Kutch State . In 1956, Kutch State
342-576: Is a nucleus of either thirty occupied houses on both sides of the road or twenty occupied houses on one side of the Road". Census towns were distinct from municipal towns ; the latter, which had legally defined boundaries and local government powers, were abolished by the Local Government Reform Act 2014 . Census towns were replaced by built up areas in the 2022 census . 2001 Gujarat earthquake The 2001 Gujarat earthquake , also known as
380-417: Is consistent with reverse faulting on reactivated rift faults. The pattern of uplift and subsidence associated with the 1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake is consistent with reactivation of such a fault. The earthquake was caused by movement on a previously unknown south-dipping fault, trending parallel to the inferred rift structures. No major surface ruptures were associated with the shock, classifying it as
418-1775: Is easily available. In India, a census town is one which is not statutorily notified and administered as a town, but nevertheless whose population has attained urban characteristics. Census towns are governed by gram panchayats , unlike statutory towns. They are characterized by the following: Examples of Indian census towns include Kapsi in Chhattisgarh , Avinissery in Thrissur District of Kerala , Greater Noida , Chakeri and Manauri in Uttar Pradesh , Indranagar in Tripura , Begampur , Chandpara , Nandigram , Chittaranjan and Beliatore in West Bengal , Chevella in Telangana , Amini in Lakshadweep , Deolali in Maharashtra , Ghatshila in Purbi Singhbhum District of Jharkhand , BGR Township ( Bongaigaon Refinery Township ) in Bongaigaon Urban Agglomeration of Assam , Pileru in Andhra Pradesh , Chikhli in Gujarat and Ichgam in Jammu and Kashmir . The number of census towns (CTs) in India grew from 1,362 in 2001 to 3,894 in 2011. As per Pradhan (2013), these CTs account for 30% of
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#1732851319547456-503: Is required to ensure planned development of these areas. In this notification, Rajiv Gauba, Secretary (Urban Development) notes: The opportunity of planned urban development might get lost if unplanned construction and ad hoc provisioning of infrastructure is allowed to take place over a long time. Additionally, the Ministry, in the notification, has informed the states that they stand to gain from according statutory status to these towns. With
494-479: Is said to have a population of 1200 souls and to have yielded a revenue of £3000 (Rs 30,000). In 1855, the fort was in good repair and contained 1500 houses. In 1861, it was noted for petty carpets of stamped cotton. In 1879, there was a considerable trade with Kathiawar , Khambhat , Surat and Bombay . The chief exports were cotton, castor seed, pulse, wool and dyed cloth and the chief imports were metals, timber, grain, dates, grocery, and piece goods. In 1872, it had
532-504: The Bhuj earthquake , occurred on 26 January at 08:46 am IST . The epicentre was about 9 km south-southwest of the village of Chobari in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch (Kachchh) District of Gujarat , India . The intraplate earthquake measured 7.6 on the moment magnitude scale and occurred at 17.4 km (10.8 mi) depth. It had a maximum felt intensity of X ( Extreme ) on
570-517: The January 2001 Gujarat earthquake , Mundra was the only place in the district of Kutch which was not affected by the devastation. Following the earthquake, tax incentives were granted for setting up new industries in this district which led to the rapid industrialisation of this region. In 2014, Mundra Port surpassed Kandla in cargo handling and became the largest private port in India. On 29 August 2020, Mundra and Baroi Gram Panchayats were merged to form
608-533: The Mercalli intensity scale . The earthquake killed at least 20,023 people (including 19 in southeastern Pakistan ), injured another 166,000 and destroyed nearly over 400,000 buildings. Gujarat lies 300–400 km from the plate boundary between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate , but the current tectonics are still governed by the effects of the continuing continental collision along this boundary. During
646-480: The Gujarat Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy. The policy proposed a different approach to urban and rural construction with the estimated cost of rebuilding to be US$ 1.77 billion. The main objectives of the policy included repairing, building, and strengthening houses and public buildings. Other objectives included the revival of the economy, health support, and reconstruction of
684-570: The Mundra-Baroi Municipality . Mundra-Baroi Municipality was incorporated in 2020. They were administered by gram panchayats before. There are 7 wards and 28 seats in Mundra-Baroi Municipality. Of them, 18 seats are for reserved categories and 10 seats for unreserved categories. Gaddhasar or Shastri Ground is the major playground in town. Transportation and medical facilities are available. Maharaoshri Khengarji Library in
722-438: The advice of Punja, his adviser. Lakhaptji was angered by the act and sent an army to the town. Godji fled to Morbi , strengthened his army and recaptured the town from his father. They compromised and Godji was allowed to keep Mundra and Punja was forced to retire. During Rao Rayadhan III 's reign in 1778, he was forced to retire and the administration of the state was taken over by Bar Bhayat ni Jamat (the council of twelve),
760-469: The break-up of Gondwana in the Jurassic , this area was affected by rifting with a roughly west–east trend. During the collision with Eurasia the area has undergone shortening, involving both reactivation of the original rift faults and development of new low-angle thrust faults . The related folding has formed a series of ranges, particularly in central Kutch. The focal mechanism of most earthquakes
798-728: The city, and partly destroyed the Bhuj's historic Swaminarayan temple and historic forts, Prag Mahal and Aina Mahal . The Indian National Trust for Arts and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) inspected more than 250 heritage buildings in Kutch and Saurashtra and found that about 40% of them either collapsed or were seriously damaged; only 10% were undamaged. Bhuj's district hospital collapsed, killing about 193 people inside. Over 1.2 million houses in 8,000 villages and 490 towns were damaged or destroyed, as well as 12,000 schools, 2,000 health facilities, many historic buildings and tourist attractions; 400,000 of
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#1732851319547836-460: The community and social infrastructure. The housing policies focused on the removal of rubble, setting up temporary shelters, full reconstruction of damaged houses, and the retrofitting of undamaged units. The policy established a community-driven housing recovery process. The communities affected by the earthquake were given the option for complete or partial relocation to in-situ reconstruction. The total number of eligible houses to be repaired
874-504: The damaged homes completely collapsed. Across Bhachau , over 5,000 people died and 9,000 houses were damaged or destroyed. In Chobari , the closest settlement to the epicenter, all 3,200 houses were razed and 648 residents were killed. Adhoi village lost 354 residents, including 25 students at a school. Much of Vondh was also razed and 400 people died there. All 208 houses in the village of Visnagar were also destroyed. In Anjar , over 2,000 people died, including 204 who were killed at
912-400: The death toll at 125,000. Additionally, 166,836 injuries were recorded, and a total of 28 million people across Gujarat were affected, and 442 villages lost at least 70% of houses. Bhuj , one of the closest cities to the epicenter, was devastated, with 95% of buildings destroyed or uninhabitable after the quake. The quake also destroyed eight schools, two hospitals and 4 km of road in
950-482: The form of eight town planning schemes. This was implemented by deducting land from private lot sizes to create adequate public land for the widening of roadways. The remaining land was readjusted and given back to the original owners as final plots. The Government of Gujarat created four assistance packages worth up to US$ 1 billion to support the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the city. These packages assisted about 300,000 families. The government also announced
988-424: The masonry was transported as late as Vikram Samvat 1817 (1760). It is also mentioned by James Burgess . Colonel Holland who visited it in the 1840s mentions that the walled town was 1.5 miles in circumference and had 1500 houses. In 1755, Mundra was held and defended by Godji II when he was in revolt against his father Rao Lakhpatji . He imposed charges on merchants entering and exiting the town to raise funds on
1026-529: The old town is a public library run by the local administration. In 1905, Aga Khan III started the Aga Khan School in Mundra, the first school that later became a large network of schools, Aga Khan Education Service . Other major schools are Government Primary School (Darbari), R. D. Highschool, St. Xavier's School, Calorx Public School (Samudra Township), and Adani Public School. Khoja Lalji Sumar Primary School
1064-476: The pir. The legend also highlights a local custom among seafarers and merchants of visiting the pir's shrine before going to sea. The town was fortified in 1728 by Devakaran Seth, Dewan of Deshalji I . The Old Mundra town was walled and fortified with the masonry from the ruins of the ancient town of Bhadreshwar , twenty-seven kilometres to the north-east. It is mentioned in the Bantvijaya Chronicles and
1102-519: The power plant is imported primarily from Indonesia. Source of water for the power plant is seawater from the Gulf of Kutch . Mundra Airport is a private airport operated by Adani Group for scheduled as well as non-scheduled operations. Census town In India and some other countries, a well developed village is designated as a village where all basic facilities like health, education road connectivity, rail connectivity and other basic infrastructure
1140-433: The safety of his sinking cargo ship. Miraculously, the ship was saved when the pir used his dhoti to prevent seawater from entering the ship. Vardhaman Sheth requested the pir to rename the town from Dumra to Muradabad in his respect, but the pir declined and suggested the name Munahara, lit. ' a picturesque town near a river ' . The name Mundra is derived from Munahara. Many other miracles are attributed to
1178-404: The state to statutory ULBs. These 19 CTs are in close proximity to the town of Pune and this conversion is expected to lessen the infrastructure and population pressures on the town. According to Ireland's Central Statistics Office , a census town by definition was a "cluster of fifty or more occupied dwellings, not having a legally defined boundary, in which within a distance of 800 m there
Mundra - Misplaced Pages Continue
1216-418: The town including Diwali , Holi , Uttarayan , Muharram and Eids . Mundra was well known for salt and spice trading in the past and now for tie-dye and block-printed textiles. The old harbour is virtually unusable today, and only small local fishing crafts navigate its silted waterways up the river. The main source of income for the local people is agriculture, horticulture and wage labour. Mundra has
1254-449: The urban growth in the last decade. Pradhan also notes that the largest increase in the number of CTs was in the states of West Bengal and Kerala. The Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India, in May 2016 asked the 28 states in India to take action to start the process of recognizing CTs as urban areas. The argument given for this conversion was that a statutory Urban Local Body (ULB)
1292-418: Was 929,682 and the total number of eligible houses to be reconstructed was 213,685. By 2003, 882,896 (94%) houses were repaired and 113,271 (53%) were reconstructed. The Environmental Planning Collaborative (EPC) was commissioned to provide a new city plan for the city of Bhuj . The plan focused on creating a wider roadway network to provide emergency access to the city. The EPC used land readjustment (LR) in
1330-532: Was founded in 1871. There are commerce, arts and PTC colleges in the town. Dabeli and Kadak are popular snacks in town. Nani Ravadi and Moti Ravadi are local dance and procession festivals celebrated in the Shravan month of the Hindu calendar by seafaring communities of Kharva . Nava Naroj is celebrated as the starting day of the new seafaring season. All other major Hindu and Muslim religious festivals are celebrated in
1368-542: Was later augmented by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Society . A temporary Red Cross hospital remained in Bhuj to provide care while a replacement hospital was built. There were also 19 deaths in Pakistan . The Badin - Tharparkar area recorded 12 deaths, 115 injuries, 1,989 collapsed homes and 43,643 damaged homes. Four months after the earthquake the Gujarat government announced
1406-522: Was merged with Bombay state , which in 1960 was divided into the new linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra , with Kutch becoming part of Gujarat State. Mundra now falls under Kutch district of Gujarat. In 1994, the Mundra Port was announced at Mundra. The operation started in October 1998. In subsequent years, the port expanded rapidly resulting in rapid expansion of the town and population. During
1444-514: Was mostly concentrated around the northern patches of the rupture, with a maximum slip of 9.695 m (31.81 ft) recorded in the village of Chobari . The full rupture also extended through the cities of Bhuj and Rapar , although slip in these areas was extremely minor. The death toll varies greatly, with the United States Geological Survey 's PAGER -CAT catalog reporting 20,023 fatalities while earlier estimates had placed
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