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62-474: After Leland H. Wakefield began collecting funds door-to-door in 1863, the Mercantile Library Association was started on January 12, 1864, with subscriptions by Portland's merchant elite. Judge Matthew Deady was one of the early founders, with financial support coming from those such as Henry Corbett , William S. Ladd , and Erasmus D. Shattuck among others. In an attempt to be more inclusive,

124-727: A United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon in Portland , as the sole Judge until his death in 1893. While on the court he presided over the trial that led to the United States Supreme Court decision of Pennoyer v. Neff concerning personal jurisdiction. Prior to joining the court, Deady served in the legislature of the Oregon Territory , including time served as

186-464: A $ 100,000 donation from Andrew Carnegie in 1901, expressing "great pride" in Portland's ability to take care of itself; later, it did accept $ 105,000 in 1911 and $ 60,000 in 1912 to build branch locations. The library received nearly 9,000 books in 1900 from the estate of John Wilson ; many of these were rare books. However, the bequest called for the books to be available free of charge to the public, thus

248-445: A Code of Civil Procedure, a Penal Code, and a Code of Criminal Procedure. In this role he not only codified existing laws, but also made new laws. Deady often drafted the legislation that led to state statutes, thus playing a crucial role in the lawmaking process in the state of Oregon between 1859 and 1872. In 1874, Deady and fellow code commissioner and later U.S. Representative Lafayette Lane updated Deady's earlier compilation of

310-655: A circuit court judge for the United States circuit court located in San Francisco, California . Deady did the same in 1868 and 1869 since there was no circuit court judge assigned to the West Coast at that time, spending three months in San Francisco each year. This was a common practice during this period, as United States Supreme Court justices still rode circuit, and often assigned federal district court judges to serve on

372-602: A courthouse for Deady to use, so he rented two rooms from Benjamin Stark on what is now Water Street until a federal courthouse was built beginning in 1869. That courthouse was first named the United States Building, and is now named the Pioneer Courthouse , with Deady moving into the building when it was finished in 1875. In 1867, United States Supreme Court justice Stephen Johnson Field assigned Deady to serve as

434-640: A debt incurred for his education, and began to read law. He read law in St. Clairsville, Ohio , under the guidance of judge and former Congressman William Kennon . Deady passed the Ohio bar on October 26, 1847, and began practicing law in St. Clairsville at the office of Henry Kennon. He remained there until on April 17, 1849, he began his overland journey over the Oregon Trail to the newly created Oregon Territory . Deady originally

496-460: A letter to the Board of Trustees, this time recommending the denaming of Deady Hall. On June 24, Deady's name was removed from the hall and University Hall was selected as an interim name. Central Library (Portland, Oregon) The Central Library is a three-story public library branch in the downtown core of Portland, Oregon , United States. Opened in 1913, it serves as the main branch of

558-559: A local music shop. In mid-1837, he moved just across the Ohio River to the state of Ohio where his father had purchased a farm in Beaver Township . Matthew Deady spent the next four years working for his father on the family farm, engaged in manual labor, while also reading extensively in his spare time. On February 17, 1841, he left home after a disagreement with his father and moved to Barnesville, Ohio . For four years he lived with

620-1117: A local tavern. After receiving payment for his services, he sent $ 100 back to Ohio to Henry Kennon to pay off some debt. That summer he worked for Peter H. Burnett ’s brother, Elder Glen Burnett, running his store while Burnett was in California acquiring supplies. While working at the store he sold many supplies to the local Native Americans and learned some Chinook jargon from them. On June 24, 1852, Deady married Lucy A. Henderson, with whom he had three children who survived childbirth. Lucy came to Oregon in 1846 with her parents Robert Henderson and Rhoda Holman from Kentucky . The Deady's children were three sons; Edward Nesmith (born 1853), Paul Robert (born 1856), and Henderson Brooke (born 1869). Henderson studied medicine, while Paul and Edward became attorneys like their father. Matthew Geoffrey (born 1860) and Mary (born 1866) died at birth. While practicing law at Lafayette he represented Adam Wimple of neighboring Polk County after Wimple had been charged for murdering his wife. Deady represented him at trial and

682-489: A member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1888. In 1878, Matthew's father Daniel died. In October 1892, he suffered a stroke, but continued to preside over the courtroom. Matthew Paul Deady died in Portland on March 24, 1893, at the age of 68. Matthew's wife Lucy died in 1923, followed by son Henderson in 1933. The eldest son Edward died in 1914, with middle son Paul's death coming in 1920. In 1893,

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744-481: A new separate library, the Portland Public Library , was founded by a group that included some former LAP board members. The two libraries merged in 1902. The library moved to a new two-story stone library building in 1893. The building cost $ 156,477, representing 27 years of fundraising, mostly by Deady. A large portion of the funds came from Ella M. Smith, daughter of Benjamin F. Smith, in 1889. The library

806-657: Is also a depository for the Federal Depository Library Program . Matthew Deady Matthew Paul Deady (May 12, 1824 – March 24, 1893) was a politician and jurist in the Oregon Territory and the state of Oregon of the United States. He served on the Oregon Supreme Court from 1853 to 1859, at which time he was appointed to the newly created federal court of the state. He served as

868-518: The Central Library in downtown Portland and 18 branches. The Central Library in downtown Portland serves as the main branch of the system. The building was designed by architect A. E. Doyle , and opened on September 6, 1913. It was one of the first libraries in the United States to feature an open-plan. The three-story Central Library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as

930-582: The Multnomah County Library system. In 1979, the Georgian style building was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Central Building, Public Library . The library underwent major structural and interior renovations in the mid 1990s. The library also underwent a refresh in 2023. The Library Association of Portland was formed in 1864. After going through several locations during

992-566: The first building at the University of Oregon was renamed in Deady's honor. Built in 1876, Deady Hall joined the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1977. Due to continued political pressure from the University of Oregon community regarding Deady's racist views, Deady Hall was the target of a renaming effort. On May 6, 2016, President of

1054-448: The 1850 to 1851 session, the secretary of the territory, Edward D. Hamilton , asked Deady to assist in publishing the laws passed by the legislature for all previous sessions of the legislative assembly. Deady helped with this process, in what became the first volume of laws published in Oregon, Deady's General Laws of Oregon . In 1851, Deady was elected to the upper chamber Council, and

1116-543: The Central Building, Public Library in 1979. It contains 17 miles (27 km) of bookshelf space and has more than 130 computers for the public. The branch contains 125,000 square feet (11,600 m) of space. From 1994 to 1997, the interior of the Central Library was partially gutted and extensively renovated. Midland is the largest of the branch locations with a total of 25,000 square feet (2,300 m) followed by

1178-424: The Central Library underwent an extensive renovation and seismic retrofitting . The entire roof of the building was removed and completely rebuilt, while the interior was remodeled and restored. During the renovation, the library collection was moved to the nearby Fifth Avenue Building (the former State Office Building). Library patrons still had access to the collection during the reconstruction. The Central Library

1240-650: The Democratic Party in the Oregon Territory , and later the state of Oregon. Deady was an early member of the Democratic Party in the territory. During his initial session in the territorial legislature in 1850, Deady served on the judicial committee and helped draft many of the laws in the territory. The Oregon Territory had just been created by the United States Congress in 1848, with the territorial government taking control in early 1849. Following

1302-563: The Gresham location with 20,000 square feet (1,900 m). The Albina, St. Johns and North Portland branches are Carnegie libraries . (There were also four Carnegie libraries no longer part of the system: Arleta , East Portland , the old Gresham Library , and South Portland). As of FY2010, the system has a total of 486 FTE employees, including 91 librarian FTE. Total annual revenue was just over $ 62.8 million, with expenditures of $ 60.5 million. There are more than 425,000 library card holders in

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1364-479: The Library Association of Portland (LAP) built the Central Library in downtown Portland at Tenth Street. They did not use any Carnegie funds for the project, instead financing came from a special two-year tax. From 1901 to 1990, for 89 years the library was a two-rack system. While it was supported by public fund, its management was in the hands of LAP, a private non-profit organization, whose board membership

1426-487: The Oregon Constitutional Convention, Deady later denounced violence against Chinese Americans during the 1870s and 1880s, even convening a grand jury to examine charging anti-Chinese crowds with criminal acts. These crowds were threatening violence against these minorities in an attempt to expel the immigrants from the state. In Portland, Deady helped establish the University of Oregon's law school. As

1488-588: The President of the Council, and was elected as President of the Oregon Constitutional Convention in 1857. A native of the state of Maryland , his first profession was as a blacksmith. He also spent time as a teacher in both Ohio and Oregon. Deady read law in Ohio and practiced law for a time in that state before immigrating to the Oregon Territory via the Oregon Trail . In Oregon, he helped codify

1550-573: The State of Oregon to the Union on February 14, 1859, Deady was nominated by President James Buchanan on March 7, 1859, to the United States District Court for the District of Oregon , to a new seat authorized by 11 Stat. 437. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 9, 1859, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on March 24, 1893, due to his death. Deady held

1612-659: The Supreme Court. Deady was assigned to the southern counties of the territory, holding court in each county twice per year. During this time on the court, in the Spring of 1853, he moved south to a farm in the Umpqua River valley . After paying a squatter $ 100 for the land on Campas Swale, Deady filed for a land claim under the Donation Land Claim Act and moved the family there in the fall, naming it Fair Oaks. While on

1674-554: The University, Michael H. Schill set forth a collection of criteria to determine Deady's potential denaming. In January, Schill sent a letter to the university community explaining why he would "not recommend to the Board of Trustees that it dename Deady Hall" . The Board of Trustees received his report and the objections of the president of the Associated Students of the University of Oregon at its meeting on March 2, 2017. Three years later, however, on June 10, 2020, Schill sent

1736-575: The appellate level circuit courts. The Judiciary Act of 1869 reduced much of this process, as did the Judiciary Act of 1891 that established the current United States courts of appeals with Oregon in the Ninth Circuit . While serving on the district court, Deady served as president of the Board of Regents of the State University (later University of Oregon ) from 1873 to 1893. He also designed

1798-409: The board voted to provide library services to the public under government contract. In 1901, the state passed a law to allow governments to tax citizens to pay for libraries; the legislation had been advanced primarily by the newly organized State Federation of Women's Clubs. The city of Portland and the library entered into a contract where the privately owned library continued to own its collection, but

1860-400: The city paid for services, thus creating a free publicly supported library. In January 1901, the library allowed books to circulate for the first time. The governance and operation of library has a circuitous history. On March 16, 1902, Portland's library became the first free library in the state paid for by taxes. At that time it featured more than 38,000 volumes and 215 periodicals. In 1913,

1922-432: The commission, Deady abandoned his plans to run against Lane in an upcoming election, and as a result of the commission being nullified, Lane had the opportunity to recommend someone else as Deady's replacement. Regardless, Pierce re-appointed Deady to the court in 1857. At this time justices of the court also rode circuit , presiding over trials in designated counties in addition to serving as an appellate court judge for

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1984-496: The county seat of Yamhill County . Deady began teaching as his occupation to make ends meet. He first worked for room and board, but for the second term of the school year he was paid $ 75 per month. While teaching he was consulted by the county commissioner and helped to set up the courts and laws in Yamhill County. In March 1850, he began practicing law in Oregon, appearing for three cases before judge Orville C. Pratt held at

2046-456: The court, he helped to establish the court systems in four of the counties in Southern Oregon , and traveled around 1,500 miles (2,400 km) each year to hold court. He won election to a full term in 1858 to take effect once Oregon became a state, but resigned before taking office in 1859. In 1857, Deady was elected as a delegate to the Oregon Constitutional Convention . The convention

2108-440: The design. The Central Library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Central Building, Public Library on June 11, 1979. On July 1, 1990, the private Library Association of Portland officially transferred ownership of the library to Multnomah County. From 1902 until that date, the association owned the collections and buildings, but the operations were paid for by the local governments. From 1994 to 1997,

2170-433: The encroachment of political influence, and on the principle that citizens would place more value on something they themselves paid for, even if the payment were small. In 1897, board president George Henry Williams proposed that the librarian be empowered to remove materials deemed to demoralize people and disorganize society," an approach in keeping with common library practice at the time. The library declined an offer of

2232-475: The family of John Kelly, working as a blacksmith's apprentice. Beginning in 1843, Deady attended Barnesville Academy, continuing his education there until four months beyond the time that his blacksmith apprenticeship ended. The apprenticeship had paid for the first six months of school. At the school he earned a certificate that allowed him to become a teacher on July 7, 1845, from his instructor Nathan R. Smith. After graduating, Deady began teaching to pay off

2294-549: The federal bar , the first woman admitted to practice in Oregon, though the Oregon Supreme Court at first denied her admittance to the state bar on technical grounds. Later that year the Oregon legislature resolved the technical issue in the statute and the state high court admitted Leonard into the state bar. Among Deady's work is the General Laws of Oregon , which he compiled and annotated in 1866. This work consisted of

2356-446: The first half-century of existence, the library board decided on a new large main branch for downtown Portland in 1911. The building was designed by architect A. E. Doyle , and opened on September 6, 1913. It was one of the first libraries in the United States to feature an open plan design of the interior. Construction on the building lasted for two years and cost $ 480,000 to complete. Librarian Mary Frances Isom provided input on

2418-555: The first public law school in the state, the University of Oregon School of Law opened in 1884 with an address by Deady. The school later moved to the main campus in Eugene . In a throwback to Pennoyer v. Neff , Deady had an outsized role in the 1885 election of Mitchell, the unethical lawyer who was a centerpoint of the case. Deady came into possession of Mitchell's love-letters from yet another affair, and exposed them to The Oregonian , who gleefully published them. Mitchell's re-election

2480-621: The first session of the court on September 12, 1859, in Salem, but had the court relocated to Portland by the start of the September session of 1860. He moved to Portland where he helped to found the Multnomah County Library . He served as president of that organization for a number of years. In Portland, he wrote the articles of incorporation for the city, which became the standard in the state for other cities. At first Portland did not have

2542-835: The five floors and two basements, three floors of which are open to the public. The branch is home to the Beverly Cleary Children's Library and the Henry Failing Art and Music Library. Other features include the Sterling Room for Writers, the Collins Gallery on the third floor, and the John Wilson Room. The first floor houses two conference rooms available for public use. The library's collections weigh more than 875 tons and take up 17 miles (27 km) of shelf space. A total of 130 computer terminals are available to

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2604-515: The following session served as President of that chamber. During the 1851 session he served as chairman of the council's judiciary committee. In all, Deady attended two regular sessions and one special session of the legislature from 1851 to 1853. In 1853, Obadiah McFadden delivered a commission from Franklin Pierce making Deady a justice of the Territorial Supreme Court . However, it

2666-537: The laws of the state and assisted in the foundation of the Multnomah County Library in Portland. He also was president of the University of Oregon 's board of regents. The university renamed Deady Hall in his honor after his death. Matthew Paul Deady was born near Easton, Talbot County, Maryland , on May 12, 1824. His parents were Daniel and Mary Ann (McSweeny) Deady. His father was born in Ireland on September 25, 1794, and married McSweeny on June 10, 1823. Matthew

2728-438: The legislative and judicial history of Oregon as that of Judge Deady." As a prominent figure in Portland he continually worked to raise funds for the library he supported. He also relied on financial help from his associates in order to supplement his small salary as a federal judge. This allowed him to keep his personal appearance inline with what was expected of prominent citizens. In contravention to his earlier stances during

2790-550: The legislature. He also led the southern party, which opposed state education in all forms. Before Secession (Civil War), Deady held views that were racist and proslavery. Deady supported a constitutional provision that excluded free Blacks from the State of Oregon, a provision that won the approval of 89% percent of Oregon voters. He was paraphrased as approving the Dred Scott decision. He also reportedly advocated for discrimination towards Chinese immigrants. Following admission of

2852-501: The library moved to the Ladd & Tilton Bank Building where it received free rent. Deady was the president from 1874 until 1893, and found that fundraising was "like pulling teeth", calling the local establishment "closefisted narrow visioned millionaires" in 1888, also stating "The rich men of Portland will never do much for [the library] until they die, and maybe not then." The first major bequest came from Stephen Skidmore in 1883. In 1891,

2914-606: The murder of Jeremiah Mahoney. O'Kelly was eventually spared from the gallows. Deady was elected to the Oregon Territorial Legislature in 1850, where he represented Yamhill County as a Democrat in the lower chamber House of Representatives. He attended the session held in Oregon City beginning in December, where he met James W. Nesmith and Asahel Bush for the first time. Those three became influential leaders of

2976-408: The name Library Association of Portland was chosen, likely on Judge Deady's suggestion. William Ladd was the elected its first president. The founders proclaimed "the library should forever be kept free of politics." By March 1864, there were 153 members, who had subscribed $ 2,500. Harvey W. Scott served as the first librarian, part-time, at its first location on Stark Street in Portland. In 1869,

3038-563: The state's laws. His criminal laws remained largely in effect in Oregon until the legislature revised much of those laws in 1971. Deady also was the author of the state's business incorporation act. The act was the first in the country to place all business corporations on the same level by requiring a minimum of three people to incorporate as a business. Regarding Deady's contributions to Oregon, former Oregon Supreme Court justice and United States Attorney General George Henry Williams said: "No hand has been so strongly and deeply impressed upon

3100-528: The system that serves a population of over 700,000 people, the largest in the state. Multnomah County Library has a total of 1,994,541 books, DVDs, CDs, periodicals, and other library materials. There was a total of 5,799,497 visits in FY2010 with the total circulation of 22,715,292. The library system contains a total of about 700 computer search stations for the public and a combined total of 277,762 square feet (25,804.9 m) of space at all 19 libraries. The library

3162-459: The university's seal, which is still used by the school. In 1874, in a district court case, Deady ruled in favor of Marcus Neff in a lawsuit against Sylvester Pennoyer concerning unpaid legal fees to John H. Mitchell and a sheriff's auction of Neff's land to Pennoyer. The case became the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision of Pennoyer v. Neff that helped define the law of personal jurisdiction . In 1885, Deady admitted Mary Leonard to

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3224-663: Was closed in March 2023 to undergo a refresh, which maintained the core characteristics while providing more functional spaces. It was reopened in February 2024. Architecturally, the building was designed in the Georgian style . The main staircase at the library has a total of 92 steps. Artwork at the location includes the "Tree of Knowledge" by Dana Louis. The exterior walls are covered with Wilkinson Sandstone. Interior details include extensive use of marble and wood. The branch contains 125,000 square feet (11,600 m ) of space spread over

3286-456: Was decried by Deady. From his work in California, the state bar in that state passed a resolution of thanks for Deady's work. He was also named as a regent to Stanford University by then United States Senator Leland Stanford . Deady gave many public speeches and was a prolific writer on the law and other subjects, in addition to his national reputation in the legal field. Deady was elected

3348-515: Was employed as a teacher and principal at the Lancasterian Academy. On May 31, 1834, his mother died while the family was living in Wheeling. Deady's family was split up, with Matthew sent back to Baltimore for two years. In Baltimore, he lived with an uncle and grandfather while working in a store. Deady then returned to Wheeling to live with his father while attending school and working in

3410-426: Was held in the territorial capital of Salem to prepare the territory for statehood. He became president of the body and was influential in shaping the new state constitution, which outlawed slavery but excluded African-Americans from settling in the new state. Deady successfully advocated for provisions in the document to set six-year terms for judges, four-year terms for state officers, and biennial sessions for

3472-424: Was hereditary, passing from fathers and mothers to sons and daughters. from one generation to the next. By 1978, ex-officio members joining the 35 member LAP board found out that board meetings were often proforma, while "real decisions" were made by a group meeting in a private club. At the same time, the library systems did not seem to work so well, with branches being closed and open hours cut back. The situation

3534-451: Was legally quite complicated, since LAP owned all the buildings, books, furniture, and equipment. On top of that it had a collection of rare books and valuable art pieces, and an endowment fund. The legal tangle took almost a decade to resolve. On July 1, 1990, the LAP officially transferred ownership of the library buildings and collections to Multnomah County. The Multnomah County Library operates

3596-522: Was staffed by D. F. W. Bursch, the library's first trained librarian, who oversaw the implementation of the Dewey Decimal system . It contained 20,000 volumes. Prior to opening the library for free public access, the board tried to lower subscription costs as often as possible to allow a larger percentage of the general public to have access to the resource. The board debated whether to accept government support, with Deady arguing against, out of concern for

3658-405: Was subsequently discovered that the commission named " Mordecai P. Deady"; as there was no such person, Deady withdrew from the court on the grounds that the commission was invalid, with McFadden taking his place for the remainder of the term. Historian Sidney Teiser noted contemporary speculation that both the commission and the error were the result of interference by Joseph Lane : as a result of

3720-510: Was the oldest of five children in the family. He began his education at the school where his father was a teacher, remaining at that school until the age of twelve. In 1828, the family relocated from the Baltimore, Maryland , area to Wheeling Virginia now ( West Virginia ). The Deadys also lived for brief periods of time in Cincinnati, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky . In Wheeling, his father

3782-430: Was to receive as payment Wimple's land claim via his will. Wimple was convicted of the murder and sentenced to death, but was hanged only after being recaptured from a jail break. In 1852, Deady was among many legal minds and politicians in the territory such as Joseph C. Avery and Robert Moore that signed a petition asking Governor John P. Gaines to pardon Nimrod O'Kelly after O'Kelly's controversial conviction for

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3844-450: Was to travel with a government designated Indian agent and the agent's family. At Fort Leavenworth the agent remained, and Deady continued his journey in the company of a United States Army regiment bound for Fort Vancouver . Taking the Oregon Trail , he arrived where Portland, Oregon , now stands on November 14, 1849. The next day, he went to neighboring Oregon City , and then a few days later, he moved west to Lafayette, Oregon ,

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