Misplaced Pages

#487512

51-402: A multi-channel network ( MCN ) is an organization that works with video platforms to offer assistance to channel owners in areas such as "product, programming, funding, cross-promotion, partner management, digital rights management , monetization and sales, and audience development," in exchange for a percentage of the ad revenue from the channel. The term "multi-channel network" (MCN)

102-472: A mockumentary named Wrath of the 1337 King which followed Athene's everyday life. In 2008, Athene created videos with a group called iPower , primarily focused on his World of Warcraft character. The videos made frequent use of misleading titles such as "Sex and Porn is fun" and "Get free sex". Boumaaza's then girlfriend Tania appears in many of the videos and their corresponding thumbnails. Spokesman Reese Leysen said "The way to get lots of views on YouTube

153-407: A character called Athene, an arrogant, conceited gamer. Boumaaza has also supplemented his online video presence by broadcasting himself live on Twitch. The original Athene series was created in 2007. Boumaaza played the role of a conceited World of Warcraft player named Athene. His YouTube video "Best Paladin of The World pwning nubs on My Heart Will Go On from Celine Dion" marked the beginning of

204-459: A closed-circuit system as an analog signal. Broadcast or studio cameras use a single or dual coaxial cable system using serial digital interface (SDI). See List of video connectors for information about physical connectors and related signal standards. Video may be transported over networks and other shared digital communications links using, for instance, MPEG transport stream , SMPTE 2022 and SMPTE 2110 . Digital television broadcasts use

255-532: A company setting up an account with YouTube CMS (the system used for Content ID ), the company adds anyone who signs a contract with them to their CMS, allowing users (and the CMS account owner) to use monetization, block and track policies. Monetization allows for videos to generate revenue, Block prevents access to videos and Track allows content owners to see the analytics of re-uploads and copyright infringing content. Some MCN partners can block videos by country (e.g., if

306-578: A multi-channel network have been discussed by several high-profile YouTube creators , including Hank Green , Freddie Wong as well as YouTube itself. The possible benefits can include: There have been several controversies involving YouTube Networks. Machinima has been criticized for the use of perpetual contracts . Ben Vacas, known to the YouTube community as "Braindeadly", attracted media attention in January 2013 over contractual issues with Machinima. Under

357-433: A natively progressive broadcast or recorded signal, the result is the optimum spatial resolution of both the stationary and moving parts of the image. Interlacing was invented as a way to reduce flicker in early mechanical and CRT video displays without increasing the number of complete frames per second . Interlacing retains detail while requiring lower bandwidth compared to progressive scanning. In interlaced video,

408-442: A number is available. Analog video is a video signal represented by one or more analog signals . Analog color video signals include luminance (Y) and chrominance (C). When combined into one channel, as is the case among others with NTSC , PAL , and SECAM , it is called composite video . Analog video may be carried in separate channels, as in two-channel S-Video (YC) and multi-channel component video formats. Analog video

459-438: A particular refresh rate, display resolution , and color space . Many analog and digital recording formats are in use, and digital video clips can also be stored on a computer file system as files, which have their own formats. In addition to the physical format used by the data storage device or transmission medium, the stream of ones and zeros that is sent must be in a particular digital video coding format , for which

510-507: A ratio between width and height. The ratio of width to height for a traditional television screen is 4:3, or about 1.33:1. High-definition televisions use an aspect ratio of 16:9, or about 1.78:1. The aspect ratio of a full 35 mm film frame with soundtrack (also known as the Academy ratio ) is 1.375:1. Pixels on computer monitors are usually square, but pixels used in digital video often have non-square aspect ratios, such as those used in

561-404: A sequence of miniature photographic images visible to the eye when the film is physically examined. Video, by contrast, encodes images electronically, turning the images into analog or digital electronic signals for transmission or recording. Video technology was first developed for mechanical television systems, which were quickly replaced by cathode-ray tube (CRT) television systems. Video

SECTION 10

#1732859558488

612-583: A variety of media, including radio broadcasts , magnetic tape , optical discs , computer files , and network streaming . The word video comes from the Latin video (I see). Video developed from facsimile systems developed in the mid-19th century. Early mechanical video scanners, such as the Nipkow disk , were patented as early as 1884, however, it took several decades before practical video systems could be developed, many decades after film . Film records using

663-566: A video is uploaded with a banned or unlicensed logo). MCNs have been described as a means to "negate the hassle involved when seeking out your own advertising opportunities on the site." Advertisers who work with MCNs can pay for services including overlay adverts, product placement and in show sponsorships , aiming to gain repeated exposure , endorsement by YouTube personalities, and increased audience engagement , especially compared with television advertisements which are often ignored or skipped. The benefits and drawbacks of partnering with

714-456: Is in rough chronological order. All formats listed were sold to and used by broadcasters, video producers, or consumers; or were important historically. Digital video tape recorders offered improved quality compared to analog recorders. Optical storage mediums offered an alternative, especially in consumer applications, to bulky tape formats. A video codec is software or hardware that compresses and decompresses digital video . In

765-455: Is less sensitive to details in color than brightness, the luminance data for all pixels is maintained, while the chrominance data is averaged for a number of pixels in a block, and the same value is used for all of them. For example, this results in a 50% reduction in chrominance data using 2-pixel blocks (4:2:2) or 75% using 4-pixel blocks (4:2:0). This process does not reduce the number of possible color values that can be displayed, but it reduces

816-517: Is often described as 576i50 , where 576 indicates the total number of horizontal scan lines, i indicates interlacing, and 50 indicates 50 fields (half-frames) per second. When displaying a natively interlaced signal on a progressive scan device, the overall spatial resolution is degraded by simple line doubling —artifacts, such as flickering or "comb" effects in moving parts of the image that appear unless special signal processing eliminates them. A procedure known as deinterlacing can optimize

867-527: Is reduced by registering differences between parts of a single frame; this task is known as intraframe compression and is closely related to image compression . Likewise, temporal redundancy can be reduced by registering differences between frames; this task is known as interframe compression , including motion compensation and other techniques. The most common modern compression standards are MPEG-2 , used for DVD , Blu-ray, and satellite television , and MPEG-4 , used for AVCHD , mobile phones (3GP), and

918-422: Is shot at a slower frame rate of 24 frames per second, which slightly complicates the process of transferring a cinematic motion picture to video. The minimum frame rate to achieve a comfortable illusion of a moving image is about sixteen frames per second. Video can be interlaced or progressive . In progressive scan systems, each refresh period updates all scan lines in each frame in sequence. When displaying

969-599: Is that decompressed video has lower quality than the original, uncompressed video because there is insufficient information to accurately reconstruct the original video. Athene (gamer) Born in Borgerhout , Antwerp , Belgium , Boumaaza was born to a Moroccan father and a Belgian mother. His mother, Nicole Ceulemans , is a writer of children's books. Both his parents worked in the Justice Department. Boumaaza claimed, in his book Mijn egotrip , that his childhood

1020-633: Is to have a mix of sexiness and total absurdity." The channel's first 20 videos were viewed more than 20 million times. Boumaaza had been making some videos as part of a contract with Machinima . In 2013, Boumaaza posted a video to YouTube announcing that he would be leaving Machinima in response to its treatment of YouTube creators. As part of the Sharecraft 2012 Save the Children Challenge , Boumaaza partnered with Razer and DC Entertainment to raise more than US$ 50.000 for charity organization Save

1071-502: Is used in NTSC television, YUV is used in PAL television, YDbDr is used by SECAM television, and YCbCr is used for digital video. The number of distinct colors a pixel can represent depends on the color depth expressed in the number of bits per pixel. A common way to reduce the amount of data required in digital video is by chroma subsampling (e.g., 4:4:4, 4:2:2, etc.). Because the human eye

SECTION 20

#1732859558488

1122-440: Is used in both consumer and professional television production applications. Digital video signal formats have been adopted, including serial digital interface (SDI), Digital Visual Interface (DVI), High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) and DisplayPort Interface. Video can be transmitted or transported in a variety of ways including wireless terrestrial television as an analog or digital signal, coaxial cable in

1173-534: The Ebola crisis . In 2015, Boumaaza assembled a team of livestreamers called The Avengers - a reference to the Marvel superhero team The Avengers - who, over the course of 10 days, raised more than 320,000 euros. Boumaaza is currently the face of an organization called The Singularity Group. In 2019, video game journalist Chris Bratt of People Make Games published the result of a year-long investigation into Boumaaza and

1224-499: The MPEG-2 and other video coding formats and include: Analog television broadcast standards include: An analog video format consists of more information than the visible content of the frame. Preceding and following the image are lines and pixels containing metadata and synchronization information. This surrounding margin is known as a blanking interval or blanking region ; the horizontal and vertical front porch and back porch are

1275-547: The consumer market . Digital video is capable of higher quality and, eventually, a much lower cost than earlier analog technology. After the commercial introduction of the DVD in 1997 and later the Blu-ray Disc in 2006, sales of videotape and recording equipment plummeted. Advances in computer technology allow even inexpensive personal computers and smartphones to capture, store, edit, and transmit digital video, further reducing

1326-455: The Children . In 2013, Boumaaza created the charitable project "Gaming for Good" to raise money for Save the Children. The project partnered with video game publishers and developers to offer games in exchange for donations to the charity. Through streams on his Twitch account, Boumaaza raised more than US$ 100.000. By March 2015 the project had raised more than US$ 150.000 in total, and Boumaaza

1377-463: The Internet. Stereoscopic video for 3D film and other applications can be displayed using several different methods: Different layers of video transmission and storage each provide their own set of formats to choose from. For transmission, there is a physical connector and signal protocol (see List of video connectors ). A given physical link can carry certain display standards that specify

1428-489: The PAL and NTSC variants of the CCIR 601 digital video standard and the corresponding anamorphic widescreen formats. The 720 by 480 pixel raster uses thin pixels on a 4:3 aspect ratio display and fat pixels on a 16:9 display. The popularity of viewing video on mobile phones has led to the growth of vertical video . Mary Meeker , a partner at Silicon Valley venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers , highlighted

1479-587: The ability to cast blank votes in dissatisfaction. NEE would therefore not occupy their seat in case of election. NEE participated in both the Belgian local elections, 2006 and in the Belgian federal election, 2007 but did not receive enough votes to earn a seat in the city council or senate. Boumaaza spear-headed protests against net neutrality in 2014 during events such as DreamHack . Boumaaza began making YouTube videos in 2007. He initially focused on World of Warcraft videos. In his earliest video, he played

1530-518: The age of 20, chosen as a political candidate for Agalev and participated in the Belgian local elections, 2000 . In 2005, Boumaaza co-founded the Belgian political organization, NEE . Boumaaza operated as the official spokesperson and led the organization. NEE was a political movement aimed at voters who felt dissatisfied with the political climate. As voting is mandatory in Belgium, NEE provided people with

1581-450: The building blocks of the blanking interval. Computer display standards specify a combination of aspect ratio, display size, display resolution, color depth, and refresh rate. A list of common resolutions is available. Early television was almost exclusively a live medium, with some programs recorded to film for historical purposes using Kinescope . The analog video tape recorder was commercially introduced in 1951. The following list

Multi-channel network - Misplaced Pages Continue

1632-438: The context of video compression, codec is a portmanteau of encoder and decoder , while a device that only compresses is typically called an encoder , and one that only decompresses is a decoder . The compressed data format usually conforms to a standard video coding format . The compression is typically lossy , meaning that the compressed video lacks some information present in the original video. A consequence of this

1683-417: The cost of video production and allowing programmers and broadcasters to move to tapeless production . The advent of digital broadcasting and the subsequent digital television transition are in the process of relegating analog video to the status of a legacy technology in most parts of the world. The development of high-resolution video cameras with improved dynamic range and color gamuts , along with

1734-509: The display of an interlaced video signal from an analog, DVD, or satellite source on a progressive scan device such as an LCD television , digital video projector , or plasma panel. Deinterlacing cannot, however, produce video quality that is equivalent to true progressive scan source material. Aspect ratio describes the proportional relationship between the width and height of video screens and video picture elements. All popular video formats are rectangular , and this can be described by

1785-445: The fields one at a time, rather than dividing up a complete frame after it is captured, the frame rate for motion is effectively doubled as well, resulting in smoother, more lifelike reproduction of rapidly moving parts of the image when viewed on an interlaced CRT display. NTSC, PAL, and SECAM are interlaced formats. Abbreviated video resolution specifications often include an i to indicate interlacing. For example, PAL video format

1836-414: The first practical video tape recorders (VTR). In 1951, the first VTR captured live images from television cameras by writing the camera's electrical signal onto magnetic videotape . Video recorders were sold for $ 50,000 in 1956, and videotapes cost US$ 300 per one-hour reel. However, prices gradually dropped over the years; in 1971, Sony began selling videocassette recorder (VCR) decks and tapes into

1887-466: The growth of vertical video viewing in her 2015 Internet Trends Report – growing from 5% of video viewing in 2010 to 29% in 2015. Vertical video ads like Snapchat 's are watched in their entirety nine times more frequently than landscape video ads. The color model uses the video color representation and maps encoded color values to visible colors reproduced by the system. There are several such representations in common use: typically, YIQ

1938-432: The horizontal scan lines of each complete frame are treated as if numbered consecutively and captured as two fields : an odd field (upper field) consisting of the odd-numbered lines and an even field (lower field) consisting of the even-numbered lines. Analog display devices reproduce each frame, effectively doubling the frame rate as far as perceptible overall flicker is concerned. When the image capture device acquires

1989-749: The introduction of high-dynamic-range digital intermediate data formats with improved color depth , has caused digital video technology to converge with film technology. Since 2013, the use of digital cameras in Hollywood has surpassed the use of film cameras. Frame rate , the number of still pictures per unit of time of video, ranges from six or eight frames per second ( frame/s ) for old mechanical cameras to 120 or more frames per second for new professional cameras. PAL standards (Europe, Asia, Australia, etc.) and SECAM (France, Russia, parts of Africa, etc.) specify 25 frame/s, while NTSC standards (United States, Canada, Japan, etc.) specify 29.97 frame/s. Film

2040-481: The market and internally, YouTube senior executive Dean Gilbert wanted to clarify what a YouTube "Network" meant. Simmons, whose background was from cable TV and Turner Broadcasting (home of CNN , TNT , TBS , Cartoon Network et al.) hoped to distinguish companies who actively owned, managed and programmed original channels on YouTube from those that aggregated channels and creators but did not focus on channel programming and content. The Multi Channel Network name

2091-622: The number of distinct points at which the color changes. Video quality can be measured with formal metrics like peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) or through subjective video quality assessment using expert observation. Many subjective video quality methods are described in the ITU-T recommendation BT.500 . One of the standardized methods is the Double Stimulus Impairment Scale (DSIS). In DSIS, each expert views an unimpaired reference video, followed by an impaired version of

Multi-channel network - Misplaced Pages Continue

2142-436: The same video. The expert then rates the impaired video using a scale ranging from "impairments are imperceptible" to "impairments are very annoying." Uncompressed video delivers maximum quality, but at a very high data rate . A variety of methods are used to compress video streams, with the most effective ones using a group of pictures (GOP) to reduce spatial and temporal redundancy . Broadly speaking, spatial redundancy

2193-556: The series. The original series revolved around the strange and fictional character, Athene, and included in-game commentary of World of Warcraft as well as a personal storyline that followed Athene's everyday life. During his time playing World of Warcraft , Boumaaza attained four world records for reaching the game's level cap, and was the first person to reach levels 80 and 85. By 2013, Boumaaza's YouTube videos had been watched more than 382 million times, and his channel had reached nearly 600,000 subscribers. The series also featured

2244-408: The terms of his contract, Machinima were permitted to place advertisements on Vacas's videos and in return he would receive a percentage of the profits generated. However, the contract also disclosed that it existed "in perpetuity"; meaning Machinima would hold the rights to any content created by Vacas published on his partnered YouTube channel in his lifetime, a detail Vacas failed to read. Machinima

2295-405: Was an official ambassador for Save the Children. In September 2013, Gaming for Good coordinated a fundraising event called "The Siege". The Siege was a World of Warcraft event where two top guilds, Midwinter and Method raced to complete a raid. The campaign raised over U$ 2 million over the weekend, quadrupling the initial goal of $ 500,000. Boumaaza travelled to Liberia to film a documentary on

2346-459: Was chaotic due to the cultural differences between his mother and father. Being confronted with social issues, including racism and poverty, he says he was instilled with a sense of responsibility to change these conditions. Boumaaza was introduced to video games at a young age. Boumaaza entered politics in 2000, and joined the progressive party, Young Green . The party was the youth organization of Groen , formerly known as Agalev . He was, at

2397-455: Was chosen for those who actively managed AND programmed channels to emulate cable TV programming companies such as Turner , Discovery , Disney , Comcast and MTV Networks that owned and operated multiple channels ("multi-channel"). The MCN name was born within YouTube and its ecosystem. Sub-networks of MCNs are known as SubMCNs, Virtual Networks, Proprietary Networks, Content Distribution Networks, SMCNs, VNs, PNs, or CDNs. An MCN works by

2448-576: Was coined by former YouTube employee and Next New Networks co-founder Jed Simmons. It has since become standard vocabulary in the YouTube ecosystem. At the time of YouTube's acquisition of Next New Networks (2011), the word "Network" had a confusing meaning inside of YouTube considering its engineering culture. Prior to 2011 many names were used to describe YouTube channel companies, including Online Video Studio (OVS), Internet Television Company (ITC), YouTube Network or simply Network. Due to confusion both in

2499-425: Was criticized in early 2013 by YouTuber Athene for "intimidating... multiple partners" to sign a contract that would significantly lower their CPM . Athene called it "one of the worst deals on the internet" and advised his subscribers not to "sign with Machinima" stating that they could get a better arrangement with other networks. Several MCNs have been purchased by larger corporations. In early 2014 Maker Studios

2550-407: Was originally exclusively live technology. Live video cameras used an electron beam, which would scan a photoconductive plate with the desired image and produce a voltage signal proportional to the brightness in each part of the image. The signal could then be sent to televisions, where another beam would receive and display the image. Charles Ginsburg led an Ampex research team to develop one of

2601-783: Was sold to Disney for $ 500 million, and Big Frame was sold to DreamWorks Animation through AwesomenessTV for $ 15 million. In June 2013, RTL Group invested $ 36 million in BroadbandTV Corp . Video Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying , playback, broadcasting , and display of moving visual media . Video was first developed for mechanical television systems, which were quickly replaced by cathode-ray tube (CRT) systems, which, in turn, were replaced by flat-panel displays of several types. Video systems vary in display resolution , aspect ratio , refresh rate , color capabilities, and other qualities. Analog and digital variants exist and can be carried on

SECTION 50

#1732859558488
#487512