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26-679: Mulia may refer to : Places and jurisdictions [ edit ] Mulia, Numidia , an Ancient city and former bishopric in Numidia, now El-Milia in Algeria and a Latin Catholic titular see Mulia, Puncak Jaya , the capital of Puncak Jaya Regency, Indonesia Kampung Sungai Mulia , a village in Malaysia Persons [ edit ] Mulia (surname) (Malay linguistic family) Duli Yang Maha Mulia ,

52-434: A combination of Luna (Moon) and Sputnik . It was renamed to Luna 1 in 1963. The spherical satellite was powered by mercury-oxide batteries and silver-zinc accumulators . There were five antenna on one hemisphere, four whip-style and one rigid, for communication purposes. The spacecraft also contained radio equipment including a tracking transmitter and telemetry system. There was no propulsion system. Luna 1

78-634: A royal title in Malaysia, equivalent to His Royal Highness Others [ edit ] Real Mulia F.C. , a Malaysian football club Seri Mulia Sarjana School in Brunei University of Bunda Mulia in Indonesia Mulia Group , an Indonesian company Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Mulia . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

104-439: A second Latin bishop (in 393), whom Mesnage and Jaubert assign to the diocese of Mutia . The Diocese of Mulia was nominally restored in 1925 as Latin titular bishopric of Mulia (Latin = Curiate Italian) / Mulien(sis) (Latin adjective) It has had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank : The region of El Milia is characterized by a very rugged mountainous terrain, mountains occupy 82% of

130-645: A settlement was founded by various Berbers who came from other regions of Algeria, particularly the highlands, and from Morocco. They moved to El Milia and its surroundings, but never mixed with Hilali Arab tribes, and later Muslim refugees from Andalusia expelled from Spain. There was also more recently a small Ottoman influx. Among the tribes that are in the city of El Milia and the region: Ouled Aidoun, Fergane Beni, Beni Belaid, Beni meslim, Tileman, Feteh Beni, Beni Aicha, Beni Khettab, Ouled Ali, Ouled Aouat, Ouled Boufaha, Mechat El Achache, Beni Caid, Ouled Mbareek, Telilane Beni and Beni Sbih. El Milia takes its name from

156-479: A strong flow of ionized plasma emanating from the Sun and streaming through interplanetary space, were performed. The ionized plasma concentration was measured to be some 700 particles per cm at altitudes of 20,000–25,000 km and 300 to 400 particles per cm at altitudes of 100,000–150,000 km. The spacecraft also marked the first instance of radio communication at the half-million-kilometer distance. Some doubted

182-446: Is located in the north-eastern Constantinois region. It lies between the cities of Jijel , Mila, Constantine and Skikda. The Mediterranean Sea is about twenty kilometers north of the town. The territory of the municipality of El Milia is located northeast of the province of Jijel . It is the largest city area of the region. The municipality of El Milia is composed of one hundred and one localities, villages and hamlets. El Milia

208-619: Is the eponymous capital of El Milia District . According to the 2009 census it has a population of 80,000. The term used to refer to the Arabic-speaking highlanders in the region of El Milia was Kabyle hadra . The ethnic origin of these is that the first inhabitants of the region were the Kutama Berbers. In the 11th century, following the overthrow of the Fatimid empire and the fall of the Arab,

234-500: The French camp was destroyed, and the tower besieged for over a week. The French occupation forces then mobilized some 10,000 soldiers to try to quell the uprising, and their superiority in armaments gave them the upper hand. In retaliation against the population, the French imposed additional taxes, confiscated land and enacted arrests and deportations. During the War of Independence, the tribes of

260-605: The French occupation the area was part of Kabylia East. Together with the new town came a borj (fortress) to control the Ouled Aidoun. The tribe, humiliated and ruined by new taxes, held a meeting and decided to attack the next day at dawn and take control of the French military tower. This revolt of February 14, 1871 marked the beginning of a general armed uprising (the Mokrani Revolt ) in eastern Kabylie. The uprising that took place in two phases lasting about 9 months, during which

286-715: The Moon's radius). Luna 1 became the first human-made object to reach heliocentric orbit and was dubbed "Artificial Planet 1" and renamed Mechta ( Dream ). Luna 1 was also referred to as the "First Cosmic Ship", in reference to its achievement of Earth escape velocity . The satellite and rocket carrying Luna 1 was originally referred to as the Soviet Space Rocket by the Soviet Press. Pravda writer Alexander Kazantsev called it Mechta ( Russian : Мечта , meaning 'dream'). Citizens of Moscow unofficially deemed it Lunik ,

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312-531: The Vernadsky Institute, were installed on the spacecraft. They each consisted of a metal plate with springs and could detect small impacts. Four ion traps, used to measure solar wind and plasma, were included. They were developed by Konstantin Gringauz. The scientific payload also included two gas-discharge Geiger counters , a sodium-iodide scintillation counter , and a Cherenkov detector . The upper stage of

338-411: The ancient city and Roman bishopric (see below) Mulia. Home to many battles against French colonists, the region is one of the pillars of the war of independence and the fight against French colonial army. Only small, isolated mechtas existed in the area until 1860 when a small town was built, under the direction of the department of Constantine, in order to subdue the tribe of Ouled Aidoun. Under

364-417: The engine burns, so they communicated to the rocket via radio. The signal to stop firing the engine Block E stage was sent too late, and it imparted an extra 175 m/s to Luna 1 . Consequently Luna 1 missed its target by 5,995 kilometers (3,725 mi). The spacecraft passed within 5,995–6,400 kilometers (3,725–3,977 mi) of the Moon's surface on 4 January after 34 hours of flight, and then became

390-549: The first human made object to leave Earth's orbit on January 6, 1959. Luna 1 ran out of battery power on 5 January, when it was 597,000 kilometers (371,000 mi) from Earth, making it impossible to track further. The batteries were designed for a minimum of 40 hours but lasted for 62. Luna 1 became the first artificial object to reach the escape velocity of the Earth, along with its carrier rocket's 1,472-kilogram (3,245 lb) upper stage, which it separated from after being

416-430: The first spacecraft to reach heliocentric orbit . It remains in orbit around the Sun, between the orbits of Earth and Mars. At 00:57 GMT on 3 January 1959, at a distance of 113,000 kilometres (70,000 mi) from Earth, 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of sodium gas was released by the spacecraft, forming a cloud behind it to serve as an artificial comet . The cloud was released for two purposes: to allow visual tracking of

442-421: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mulia&oldid=1093092038 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mulia, Numidia The town of El Milia

468-633: The northwest of Constantine, particularly in El Milia. " Mulia was among the many towns in the Roman province of Numidia , in the papal sway, that were important enough to become a suffragan diocese . It only historically documented bishop was Peregrinus, participant at the synod called at Carthage by king Huneric of the Vandal Kingdom in 484, after which he was exiled like most Catholic bishops, unlike their heretical Donatist counterparts. Morcelli list

494-543: The region of El Milia, then part of the historic wilaya II of North Constantine, played a large role in the fight against the settlers, particularly in the attacks of 20 August 1955. On that day and the days that followed, the French colonial troops suffered huge losses. This impelled Youcef Zighoud to declare "If we lost militarily and won politically in north-eastern Constantine, that is to say in Skikda and its periphery, I can tell you that we won both militarily and politically in

520-559: The rocket contained a scintillation counter and 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of sodium for a gas-dispersion experiment. The spacecraft weighed 361.3 kilograms (797 lb) at launch. It was about 1.22 metres (4.0 ft) in diameter. Luna 1 was launched at 16:41 GMT (22:41 local time ) on 2 January 1959 from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome by a Luna 8K72 rocket. The first three stages operated nominally. The Soviet engineers did not trust automated systems for controlling

546-442: The spacecraft's scintillator made observations indicating that a small number of high-energy particles exist in the outer belt. The measurements obtained during this mission provided new data on the Earth's radiation belt and outer space . The craft was unable to detect a lunar magnetic field which placed an upper limit on its strength of 1/10,000th of Earth's. The first-ever direct observations and measurements of solar wind ,

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572-711: The spacecraft's trajectory and to observe the behavior of gas in space. This glowing orange trail of gas, visible over the Indian Ocean with the brightness of a sixth-magnitude star for a few minutes, was photographed by Mstislav Gnevyshev at the Mountain Station of the Main Astronomical Observatory of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR near Kislovodsk . While traveling through the outer Van Allen radiation belt ,

598-489: The total area, they peak at 1200 m. Characterized by a pristine coastline and small mountains covered by dense enough vegetation and water sources. The El Milia region has a Mediterranean climate characterized by warm summers and mild winters but is very humid. The temperature varies from 0c° in winter to 40c° in summer. Mechta Luna 1 , also known as Mechta ( Russian : Мечта [mʲɪt͡ɕˈta] , lit. : Dream ), E-1 No.4 and First Lunar Rover ,

624-618: The veracity of the Soviets' claim of mission success. Lloyd Mallan wrote about it in a book called The Big Red Lie . Many in the West did not receive transmissions from the spacecraft even though the Soviets publicized them before the flight. By the time the Earth rotated so that scientists in America could pick up signals from the spacecraft, it was already 171,000 kilometers (106,000 mi) away. In May 1959 several hearings Soviet Space Technology before

650-455: Was designed to impact the Moon, delivering two metallic pennants with the Soviet coat of arms that were included into its payload package. It also had six instruments to study the Moon upon its suicidal approach. The flux-gate magnetometer was triaxial and could measure ± 3000 gammas . It was designed to detect lunar magnetic fields. Two micrometeorite detectors, developed by Tatiana Nazarova of

676-499: Was the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of Earth's Moon , the first spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit, and the first to be placed in heliocentric orbit . Intended as a Moon impactor, Luna 1 was launched as part of the Soviet Luna programme in 1959. A malfunction in the ground-based control system caused an error in the upper stage rocket's burn time, and the spacecraft missed the Moon by 5,900 km (more than three times

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