Mascara ( Arabic : معسكر , romanized : Muʿaskar ) also spelled Maskara, is the capital city of Mascara Province . It has 150,000 inhabitants (2008 estimate). It was founded in the 10th century by the Banu Ifran , a Berber tribe, and was the capital city of Emir Abd al-Qadir , a leader of the Algerian resistance to early French colonial rule in the 19th century.
13-448: Mascara is an administrative, commercial and a market centre. Its trade is mostly centered on leather goods, grains, and olive oil, but it is especially famous for its good wine. It has good road and rail connections with other urban centres of Algeria. Relizane is 65 kilometres (40 miles) northeast, Sidi Bel Abbes 90 km (56 mi) southwest, Oran 105 kkm northwest and Saïda 80 km (50 mi) south. Mascara has two parts,
26-690: A few areas of tobacco that were quickly abandoned ( malaria decimated entire populations at the time). But the creation of Relizane was not decided until January 1857. Since then, certain houses built after the Algiers - Oran railway have given it a new face. In the meantime the European population is increasing. The French come from the South ( Gard ) and the Spaniards from Valencia , Alicante , Murcia , Almería . About twenty farms cultivated cotton. The city then experienced
39-485: A maximum elevation change of 210 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 230 feet. Within 16 kilometers, slight variations in altitude only (533 meters). Within 80 kilometers, very significant variations in altitude (1,268 meters). The region within a 3 kilometer radius of Relizane is covered by cultivated land (47%), artificial surfaces (31%) and sparse vegetation (11%), within a 16 kilometer radius by cultivated land (53 %) and sparse vegetation (31%) and within
52-524: A newer French area, and an older Muslim one. Large parts of the town lie inside the ruins of its ancient ramparts . The city is the home of Lakhdar Belloumi , a former Algerian football (soccer) star. The word mascara is a Francisation of the Arabic word معسكر (mu'askar), meaning 'camp'. French colonization caused the city's name to be adopted in the French version as an official name. The name " mascara "
65-499: A prodigious development, but disease, drought, insufficient harvests slowed down any progress. Let us add to the natural disaster, the events which preceded the imperial voyage5 and whose aftermath [Which?] Were the main reason for the incident 6 of May 1865 . In the south of Oran the revolt of the Ouled Sidi Cheikh broke out, a revolt due to discontent of the population since 1860. The disillusions and promises [Which?] not kept by
78-452: A radius of 80 kilometers by cultivated land (47%) and sparse vegetation (17%). n Relizane, the summers are short, sweltering, arid, and mostly clear and the winters are long, cool, windy, and partly cloudy. During the year, the temperature generally ranges from 7°C to 38°C and is rarely below 3°C or above 42°C. The history of the region dates back to the time of the Kingdom of Numidia which
91-585: Is a city in Algeria . It is the capital city of Relizane Province . The name of Relizane comes from the Berber ⵉⵖⵉⵍ ⵉⵣⵣⴰⵏ (Iɣil Izzan) which means “burnt / grilled hill” . The Turks built a bordj there, hence the name Bordj Ighil Izan , to control the road to Oran. The population is mainly from the Flittas and Beni-Ouragh of Ouarsenis . The topography within 2 miles of Relizane is only modest variations in elevation, with
104-582: The Vandals occupied North Africa and destroyed many cities. At that time, the city of Mina represented the region in the Carthage Ecclesiastical Council for 484 AD and 525 AD . Islam made its appearance in the western region in 681, in 719-720 the Arab warriors led by Moussa Ibn Noçaïr settled in the city. In the nineteenth century, agriculture was very often threatened by frequent droughts. It
117-480: The occupier are at the origin of one of the biggest insurrections which will last until 1896 . A labor camp is used to imprison Spanish Republican refugees at the end of the Spanish Civil War (see Retirada). The population of Relizane took part in the national liberation struggle and made the city part of the contemporary history of Algeria against French colonization. 1853 1853 ( MDCCCLIII )
130-606: Was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar , the 1853rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 853rd year of the 2nd millennium , the 53rd year of the 19th century , and the 4th year of the 1850s decade. As of the start of 1853, the Gregorian calendar
143-449: Was between 203 and 213 BC . The region takes its name from a stream called Mina. The region of Mina knows under the Roman domination which lasted nearly five centuries, its apogee in the agricultural and commercial development because of the fertility of its grounds and the richness of its soil. Relizane is founded on the location of the ancient Roman Castellum de Mina . In the year 430 AD ,
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#1732858230212156-486: Was likely given in reference to the city that bears the same name, since in the mid-19th century the French discovered antimony powder during their conquest in the old town of Mascara in Algeria . The nomadic tribes used the cosmetic as a beauty product but also to protect themselves from various trachomas and eye diseases . Mascara is twinned with: Relizane Relizane or Ghilizan ( Arabic : غلیزان;
169-442: Was not in 1852 that French troops occupied Relizane, a colonial settlement center was created by imperial decree on February 27, 1857, and was elevated to the rank of a full-service commune on February 5, 1871. In 1844 , the French engineers repaired the old dam (the old hydraulic works, partially restored in the 18th century). In 1853 , the first Europeans settled in the plain and cultivated small areas of wheat and barley plus
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